scholarly journals The Exocytosis Associated SNAP25-Type Protein, SlSNAP33, Increases Salt Stress Tolerance by Modulating Endocytosis in Tomato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Josselyn Salinas-Cornejo ◽  
José Madrid-Espinoza ◽  
Isabel Verdugo ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Díaz ◽  
Alex San Martín-Davison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Vesicular Trafficking ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Protein Receptors ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression

In plants, vesicular trafficking is crucial for the response and survival to environmental challenges. The active trafficking of vesicles is essential to maintain cell homeostasis during salt stress. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are regulatory proteins of vesicular trafficking. They mediate membrane fusion and guarantee cargo delivery to the correct cellular compartments. SNAREs from the Qbc subfamily are the best-characterized plasma membrane SNAREs, where they control exocytosis during cell division and defense response. The Solanum lycopersicum gene SlSNAP33.2 encodes a Qbc-SNARE protein and is induced under salt stress conditions. SlSNAP33.2 localizes on the plasma membrane of root cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. In order to study its role in endocytosis and salt stress response, we overexpressed the SlSNAP33.2 cDNA in a tomato cultivar. Constitutive overexpression promoted endocytosis along with the accumulation of sodium (Na+) in the vacuoles. It also protected the plant from cell damage by decreasing the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the cytoplasm of stressed root cells. Subsequently, the higher level of SlSNAP33.2 conferred tolerance to salt stress in tomato plants. The analysis of physiological and biochemical parameters such as relative water content, the efficiency of the photosystem II, performance index, chlorophyll, and MDA contents showed that tomato plants overexpressing SlSNAP33.2 displayed a better performance under salt stress than wild type plants. These results reveal a role for SlSNAP33.2 in the endocytosis pathway involved in plant response to salt stress. This research shows that SlSNAP33.2 can be an effective tool for the genetic improvement of crop plants.

scholarly journals Characterization of Interactions between the Soybean Salt-Stress Responsive Membrane-Intrinsic Proteins GmPIP1 and GmPIP2

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Weicong Qi ◽  
Haiying Lu ◽  
Hongbo Shao ◽  
Dayong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression ◽  
Important Trait

Salt tolerance is an important trait in soybean cultivation and breeding. Plant responses to salt stress include physiological and biochemical changes that affect the movement of water across the plasma membrane. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) localize to the plasma membrane and regulate the water and solutes flow. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR and yeast two-hybridization were engaged to analyze the early gene expression profiles and interactions of a set of soybean PIPs (GmPIPs) in response to salt stress. A total of 20 GmPIPs-encoding genes had varied expression profiles after salt stress. Among them, 13 genes exhibited a downregulated expression pattern, including GmPIP1;6, the constitutive overexpression of which could improve soybean salt tolerance, and its close homologs GmPIP1;7 and 1;5. Three genes showed upregulated patterns, including the GmPIP1;6 close homolog GmPIP1;4, when four genes with earlier increased and then decreased expression patterns. GmPIP1;5 and GmPIP1;6 could both physically interact strongly with GmPIP2;2, GmPIP2;4, GmPIP2;6, GmPIP2;8, GmPIP2;9, GmPIP2;11, and GmPIP2;13. Definite interactions between GmPIP1;6 and GmPIP1;7 were detected and GmPIP2;9 performed homo-interaction. The interactions of GmPIP1;5 with GmPIP2;11 and 2;13, GmPIP1;6 with GmPIP2;9, 2;11 and GmPIP2;13, and GmPIP2;9 with itself were strengthened upon salt stress rather than osmotic stress. Taken together, we inferred that GmPIP1 type and GmPIP2 type could associate with each other to synergistically function in the plant cell; a salt-stress environment could promote part of their interactions. This result provided new clues to further understand the soybean PIP–isoform interactions, which lead to potentially functional homo- and heterotetramers for salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Overexpression of NtCBL5A Leads to Necrotic Lesions by Enhancing Na+ Sensitivity of Tobacco Leaves Under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Mao ◽  
Jiaping Yuan ◽  
Zhijie Mo ◽  
Lulu An ◽  
Sujuan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Cation Homeostasis ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis ◽  
Sensor Proteins

Many tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivars are salt-tolerant and thus are potential model plants to study the mechanisms of salt stress tolerance. The CALCINEURIN B-LIKE PROTEIN (CBL) is a vital family of plant calcium sensor proteins that can transmit Ca2+ signals triggered by environmental stimuli including salt stress. Therefore, assessing the potential of NtCBL for genetic improvement of salt stress is valuable. In our studies on NtCBL members, constitutive overexpression of NtCBL5A was found to cause salt supersensitivity with necrotic lesions on leaves. NtCBL5A-overexpressing (OE) leaves tended to curl and accumulated high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress. The supersensitivity of NtCBL5A-OE leaves was specifically induced by Na+, but not by Cl−, osmotic stress, or drought stress. Ion content measurements indicated that NtCBL5A-OE leaves showed sensitivity to the Na+ accumulation levels that wild-type leaves could tolerate. Furthermore, transcriptome profiling showed that many immune response-related genes are significantly upregulated and photosynthetic machinery-related genes are significantly downregulated in salt-stressed NtCBL5A-OE leaves. In addition, the expression of several cation homeostasis-related genes was also affected in salt-stressed NtCBL5A-OE leaves. In conclusion, the constitutive overexpression of NtCBL5A interferes with the normal salt stress response of tobacco plants and leads to Na+-dependent leaf necrosis by enhancing the sensitivity of transgenic leaves to Na+. This Na+ sensitivity of NtCBL5A-OE leaves might result from the abnormal Na+ compartmentalization, plant photosynthesis, and plant immune response triggered by the constitutive overexpression of NtCBL5A. Identifying genes and pathways involved in this unusual salt stress response can provide new insights into the salt stress response of tobacco plants.

scholarly journals RsSOS1 Responding to Salt Stress Might Be Involved in Regulating Salt Tolerance by Maintaining Na+ Homeostasis in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Wanting Zhang ◽  
Jingxue Li ◽  
Junhui Dong ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Liang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Yield And Quality

Radish is a kind of moderately salt-sensitive vegetable. Salt stress seriously decreases the yield and quality of radish. The plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter protein Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) plays a crucial role in protecting plant cells against salt stress, but the biological function of the RsSOS1 gene in radish remains to be elucidated. In this study, the RsSOS1 gene was isolated from radish genotype ‘NAU-TR17’, and contains an open reading frame of 3414 bp encoding 1137 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RsSOS1 had a high homology with BnSOS1, and clustered together with Arabidopsis plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter (AtNHX7). The result of subcellular localization indicated that the RsSOS1 was localized in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, RsSOS1 was strongly induced in roots of radish under 150 mmol/L NaCl treatment, and its expression level in salt-tolerant genotypes was significantly higher than that in salt-sensitive ones. In addition, overexpression of RsSOS1 in Arabidopsis could significantly improve the salt tolerance of transgenic plants. Meanwhile, the transformation of RsSOS1△999 could rescue Na+ efflux function of AXT3 yeast. In summary, the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter RsSOS1 plays a vital role in regulating salt-tolerance of radish by controlling Na+ homeostasis. These results provided useful information for further functional characterization of RsSOS1 and facilitate clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying salt stress response in radish.

The expression response of plasma membrane aquaporins to salt stress in tomato plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 104190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Jia ◽  
Yufei Liang ◽  
Tianyun Gou ◽  
Yanhong Hu ◽  
Yongxing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Expression Response

scholarly journals Salt Stress-Induced Structural Changes Are Mitigated in Transgenic Tomato Plants Over-Expressing Superoxide Dismutase

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliya R. Bogoutdinova ◽  
Elena M. Lazareva ◽  
Inna A. Chaban ◽  
Neonila V. Kononenko ◽  
Tatyana Dilovarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Line ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Cortical Network ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Tomato Plants

Various abiotic stresses cause the appearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells, which seriously damage the cellular structures. The engineering of transgenic plants with higher production of ROS-scavenging enzyme in plant cells could protect the integrity of such a fine intracellular structure as the cytoskeleton and each cellular compartment. We analyzed the morphological changes in root tip cells caused by the application of iso-osmotic NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions to tomato plants harboring an introduced superoxide dismutase gene. To study the roots of tomato plants cultivar Belyi Naliv (WT) and FeSOD-transgenic line, we examined the distribution of ROS and enzyme-linked immunosorbent detection of α-tubulin. In addition, longitudinal sections of the root apexes were compared. Transmission electronic microscopy of atypical cytoskeleton structures was also performed. The differences in the microtubules cortical network between WT and transgenic plants without salt stress were detected. The differences were found in the cortical network of microtubules between WT and transgenic plants in the absence of salt stress. While an ordered microtubule network was revealed in the root cells of WT tomato, no such degree of ordering was detected in transgenic line cells. The signs of microtubule disorganization in root cells of WT plants were manifested under the NaCl treatment. On the contrary, the cytoskeleton structural organization in the transgenic line cells was more ordered. Similar changes, including the cortical microtubules disorganization, possibly associated with the formation of atypical tubulin polymers as a response to salt stress caused by Na2SO4 treatment, were also observed. Changes in cell size, due to both vacuolization and impaired cell expansion in columella zone and cap initials, were responsible for the root tip tissue modification.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis N α ‐acetyltransferase NAA60 locates to the plasma membrane and is vital for the high salt stress response

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Linster ◽  
Dominik Layer ◽  
Willy V. Bienvenut ◽  
Trinh V. Dinh ◽  
Felix A. Weyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
High Salt Stress

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Short-Term Salt-Stress Response in Mega Hybrid Rice Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Noushin Jahan ◽  
Yang Lv ◽  
Mengqiu Song ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Liangguang Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Trait Locus

Salinity is a major abiotic stressor that leads to productivity losses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, transcriptome profiling and heterosis-related genes were analyzed by ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) in seedlings of a mega rice hybrid, Liang-You-Pei-Jiu (LYP9), and its two parents 93–11 and Pei-ai64s (PA64s), under control and two different salinity levels, where we found 8292, 8037, and 631 salt-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Heterosis-related DEGs were obtained higher after 14 days of salt treatment than after 7 days. There were 631 and 4237 salt-induced DEGs related to heterosis under 7-day and 14-day salt stresses, respectively. Gene functional classification showed the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis activity after 7-day stress treatment, and in metabolic and catabolic activity after 14 days. In addition, we correlated the concurrence of an expression of DEGs for the bHLH transcription factor and a shoot length/salinity-related quantitative trait locus qSL7 that we fine-mapped previously, providing a confirmed case of heterosis-related genes. This experiment reveals the transcriptomic divergence of the rice F1 hybrid and its parental lines under control and salt stress state, and enlightens about the significant molecular mechanisms developed over time in response to salt stress.

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