Assessment of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Mercury-Stressed Trigonella foenum-gracum L. to Silver Nanoparticles and Sphingobacterium ginsenosidiumtans Applications

Heavy metals are primarily generated and deposited in the environment, causing phytotoxicity. This work evaluated fenugreek plants’ morpho-physiological and biochemical responses under mercury stress conditions toward Ag nanoparticles and Sphingobacterium ginsenosidiumtans applications. The fabrication of Ag nanoparticles by Thymus vulgaris was monitored and described by UV/Vis analysis, FTIR, and SEM. The effect of mercury on vegetative growth was determined by measuring the root and shoots length, the number and area of leaves, the relative water content, and the weight of the green and dried plants; appraisal of photosynthetic pigments, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and total phenols content were also performed. In addition, the manipulation of Ag nanoparticles, S. ginsenosidiumtans, and their combination were tested for mercury stress. Here, Ag nanoparticles were formed at 420 nm with a uniform cuboid form and size of 85 nm. Interestingly, the gradual suppression of vegetal growth and photosynthetic pigments by mercury, Ag nanoparticles, and S. ginsenosidiumtans were detected; however, carotenoids and anthocyanins were significantly increased. In addition, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and total phenols content were significantly increased because mercury and S. ginsenosidiumtans enhance this increase. Ag nanoparticles achieve higher levels by the combination. Thus, S. ginsenosidiumtans and Ag nanoparticles could have the plausible ability to relieve and combat mercury’s dangerous effects in fenugreek.

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Assessment of physiological and biochemical responses of Amaranthus retroflexus seedlings to the accumulation of heavy metals with regards to phytoremediation potential

International Journal of Phytoremediation ◽

10.1080/15226514.2020.1807904 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Alexander S. Lukatkin ◽

Dmitry I. Bashmakov ◽

Waad E. Q. Al Harbawee ◽

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

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Physiological and biochemical responses in the leaves of two mangrove plant seedlings (Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) exposed to multiple heavy metals

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.121 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 182 (1-3) ◽

pp. 848-854 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Guo-Yong Huang ◽

You-Shao Wang

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Kandelia Candel ◽

Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Multiple Heavy Metals ◽

Plant Seedlings ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

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INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORN VARIETIEShttps://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1483.28

REPORTS ◽

10.32014/2021.2518-1483.28 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (336) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

A. M. Digarbaeva ◽

A. N. Kaliyeva ◽

E. A. Kirshibayev ◽

M. R. Bahtybaeva

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Plant Development ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Plant Root ◽

Practical Interest ◽

Actual Weight ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

The Impact ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Heavy metals are some of the most harmful chemicals in the environment today. Today, many scientists believe that the main factor that negatively affects the plant in saline conditions is the osmotic effect of salts. In conditions of soil salinity, the lack of plants causes dehydration of proteins, which negatively affects the physiological and biochemical processes of plants. Plants absorb heavy metals in different ways. It absorbs heavy metals from the soil through the roots and from the air through the stomata of the leaves, mainly through dust. The aim of the research is to study the influence of heavy metals on the physiological and biochemical processes of growth and development of maize varieties. The article presents the research results of the heavy metals influence on the elongation of seedlings and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments during the germination of maize varieties. It is obvious that heavy metals affect the growth and plant development from the initial germination stage of corn kernels. The results of monitoring various effects of heavy metals on photosynthetic pigments are also presented. In addition, the length of the above- water and underground parts of the biomass, the ratio of dry weight to actual weight is the heavy metals effect on plants. For example, the leaves turned dark green, the stems twisted, did not fully open and turned pink. Under the influence of heavy metals, plant development, metabolism and photosynthesis are disrupted, as well as the normal course of respiration and photosynthesis. According to the results obtained, the impact of heavy metals on maize varieties significantly inhibits the accumulation and growth of biomass. In particular, the processes of plant root growth are suppressed. Differences in the tolerance of different varieties of heavy metals can be explained by their varietal characteristics and genetic basis. Currently, there is a theoretical and practical interest in the identification of ion-resistant forms of heavy metals, their ability to detect and reveal their nature, the development of ways to increase the impact and resistance of heavy metals on plants. Formulating the results of the study, it was found that different heavy metals concentrations (CuSO4 and CdSO4) negatively affect the growth of corn varieties. This can be seen from the tables below (tables 1, 2, 3, 4).

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Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Two Herbaceous Peony Cultivars to Drought Stress

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13704-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 492-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qi Wang ◽

Rui Zhao ◽

Qihang Chen ◽

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽

Liqi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Soluble Protein ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Damage Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Herbaceous Peony ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Relative Water ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Herbaceous peony is a perennial flowering plant with strong environmental adaptability and may be a good candidate for culture in arid areas. In this study, the physiological and biochemical responses of two herbaceous peony cultivars to different soil moisture gradients in pots were assessed by analyzing changes in 13 stress-related indices. The drought damage index (DDI) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar, proline, and abscisic acid (ABA) generally increased as drought stress intensified, whereas leaf relative water content (LRWC) decreased, and the contents of soluble protein, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the ratio of IAA and ABA, and the activities of four antioxidant enzymes fluctuated. For the leaves, a positive correlation was found between DDI and superoxide dismutase (SOD), MDA, soluble sugar, proline, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and ABA, but it was negatively correlated with LRWC, peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). In fibrous roots, DDI was positively correlated with MDA, soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein, and ABA but was negatively correlated with SOD, CAT, APX, and IAA/ABA. Principal component analysis and subordinate functions were used to evaluate drought resistance of the two cultivars, with ‘Karl Rosenfield’ showing greater resistance to drought than ‘Da Fu Gui’.

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Physiological and biochemical changes in tree seedlings in an urban forest soil contaminated with copper

10.21203/rs.3.rs-175681/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matheus Casarini Siqueira ◽

Shoey Kanashiro ◽

Marisa Domingos ◽

Mirian Cilene Spasiani Rinaldi ◽

Armando Reis Tavares

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Copper Stress ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

Pioneer Species ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract Context Soil pollution by heavy metals is a worldwide environmental concern. Owing to their proximity to anthropogenic emission sources, urban forest fragments are highly affected by the excessive input of heavy metals into the soil.Objectives This study aimed to assess the physiological and biochemical responses of two native Brazilian Atlantic Forest Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (pioneer species) and Eugenia uniflora L. (non-pioneer species), when cultivated in soils contaminated with Cu. Methods Plants were cultivated in soils of an urban forest fragment contaminated with 0 (control), 60, 120, 180 or 240 mg Cu kg-1 soil. Growth variables, Cu content in plant tissues, translocation index, bioaccumulation factor, pigment contents, leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were all measured to assess physiological alterations resulting from copper stress, while the enzymatic (superoxide dismutase) and nonenzymatic (ascorbic acid and glutathione) antioxidants were quantified to assess the biochemical responses of the species. Results Both species presented high uptake and accumulation of Cu in roots with low translocation rates to shoots; however, S. terebinthifolia showed higher Cu restriction in roots than E. uniflora. S. terebinthifolia and E. uniflora showed distinct responses in growth and leaf gas exchange. The species showed neither difference in enzymatic contents nor oxidative reduction. Conclusion The restriction of copper in roots appears to be the principal protective mechanism against copper phytotoxicity, preventing negative effects on the physiological and biochemical status of the species. S. terebinthifolia shows potential as a Cu phytostabilizer, while the E. uniflora has potential as a Cu phytoextractor.

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RESPONSE OF CERTAIN PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN SWEET PEPPER LEAVES TO SOME BIO-STIMULANTS UNDER TWO TYPES OF SALINITY

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.24297/jns.v2i2.389 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 83-99

Author(s):

Arafa A.A ◽

Khafagy M.A ◽

Abo-El Kheer A.M ◽

M.F El-Banna

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Great Increase ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Total Phenols ◽

Relative Water ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Pepper Leaves

High salinity level of NaCl and CaCl2 (4000 mg/L) markedly increased whereas the low levels and its combination decreased electrolyte leakage percentage (E.L. %) in sweet pepper leaves as compared to the unstressed plants. In addition, application of all selected bio-regulators used at both applied levels, in most cases, alleviated the harmful effect of salinity on E.L. % especially ascorbic acid at 50 mg/L. Relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic pigments were significantly increased thereafter decreased as salinity levels increased. In addition, CaCl2 at low level caused a great increase in RWC % followed by NaCl+CaCl2 and NaCl (2000 mg/L). While, pre-soaking seeds in both levels of the applied bio-stimulants caused a significant increase in RWC % and the photosynthetic pigments concentrations . In addition, AsA at 50 mg/L or SA at 75 mg/L was more effective in this respect as compared to the untreated plants. Ascorbic acid, proline, total phenols as well as total soluble carbohydrates concentrations in sweet pepper shoot were increased with increasing salinity levels from 2000 to 4000 mg/L of all salinity types. In addition, NaCl led to a great increase followed by NaCl+CaCl2 and CaCl2 as compared to the unstressed plants. In addition, pre-soaking seeds in SA, AsA, tocopherol and yeast extract at both levels increased ascorbic acid, proline, total phenols as well as total soluble carbohydrates concentrations under saline conditions. Moreover, AsA at 50 mg/L or SA at 75 mg/L was more effective in this respect as compared with the other treatments

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Ecophysiological study of some coastal dune species of Zemmouri El Bahri (Algeria)

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.37427/botcro-2021-001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sadjia Rabhi ◽

Réda Djebbar ◽

Aicha Belkebir

Keyword(s):

Coastal Dunes ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Total Phenols ◽

Biochemical Adaptation ◽

Leaf Mass Area ◽

Cakile Maritima ◽

Relative Water ◽

Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Species of coastal dunes are subjected to several environmental stress factors such as drought, high temperature, light intensity as well as salinity, which led to development of specific morphological, physiological and biochemical adaptation mechanisms. Studying these strategies allows explaining the survival of these species in such hostile and stressful conditions. In this study we compared some parameters (morphological, physiological and biochemical) of two Brassicaceae species Matthiola tricuspidata (L.) W.T.Aiton, Cakile maritima Scop., and two Fabaceae species Lotus creticus L. and Ononis variegata L., harvested from their natural environment in coastal dunes of Zemmouri El Bahri (Algeria), with the aim to understand their mechanisms of adaptation. The results revealed that C. maritime showed the highest relative water content, leaf area, leaf mass area, and succulence index. Based on the highest levels of total phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins as well as high contents of photosynthetic pigments, M. tricuspidata can be classified as "homoiochlorophyllous" plant. The dry mass content varied considerably among species, with the highest values observed in L. creticus and the lowest in C. maritima. As both Fabaceae species L. creticus and O. variegata showed high chlorophylls, carotenoids, total phenols and flavonoids could also be classified as "homoiochlorophyllous" species. The relatively high levels of total phenols, total flavonoids, anthocyanins and carotenoids implies a biochemical adaptation that allows these plants to maintain necessary photosynthetic activity under a water deficiency condition.

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Varietal differences in physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress in six finger millet plants

10.1101/789883 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Asunta Mukami ◽

Alex Ng’etich ◽

Easter Syombua ◽

Richard Oduor ◽

Wilton Mbinda

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Finger Millet ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Agroecological Zones ◽

Relative Water ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

AbstractFinger millet is one of the most important cereals that are often grown in semiarid and arid regions of East-Africa. Salinity is known to be a major impediment for the crop growth and production. This study was aimed to understand the mechanisms of physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress of Kenyan finger millet varieties (GBK043137, GBK043128, GBK043124, GBK043122, GBK043094, GBK043050) grown across different agroecological zones under NaCl-induced salinity stress. Seeds were germinated on the sterile soil and treated using various concentrations of NaCl (100, 200 and 300 mM) for two weeks. Again, the early-seedling stage of germinated plants was irrigated with the same salt concentrations for 60 days. Results indicated depression in germination percentage, shoot and root growth rate, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content contents, leaf K+ concentration, and leaf K+/Na+ ratios increased salt levels. Contrary, proline and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents reduced sugar content and leaf total proteins. At the same time, the leaf Na+ and Cl− amounts of all plants increased substantially with rising stress levels. Clustering analysis revealed that GBK043094 and GBK043137 were placed together and identified as salt-tolerant varieties based on their performance under salt stress. Overall, our findings indicated a significant varietal variability for most of the parameters analysed. These superior varieties identified could be potentially used as promising genetic resources in future breeding programmes development directed towards salt-tolerant finger millet hybrids. Further analysis at genomic level need to be undertaken to better understand the genetic factors that promote salinity tolerance in finger millet.

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Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Tomato Plants Grafted onto Solanum pennellii and Solanum peruvianum under Water-deficit Conditions

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2236

Author(s):

Flávia Maria Alves ◽

Madhumita Joshi ◽

Desire Djidonou ◽

Vijay Joshi ◽

Carlos Nick Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Solanum Pennellii ◽

Tomato Cultivar ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Relative Water ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Grafting using suitable rootstocks mitigates the adverse effects caused by environmental stresses such as water deficit in the tomato crop. Solanum pennellii and Solanum peruvianum, the wild relatives of tomato, are used as rootstocks due to their tolerance to water deficit and soil-borne diseases. This study focused on evaluating physiological and biochemical responses of tomato plants grafted onto S. pennellii and S. peruvianum rootstocks during water deficit. The commercial tomato cultivar ‘HM 1823′ (HM) either self-grafted (HM/HM) or grafted onto S. pennellii (HM/PN), S. peruvianum (HM/PR), and ‘Multifort’ (HM/MU) rootstocks were subjected to water-deficit stress by withholding irrigation for eight days. The performance of the grafted plants under water deficit was evaluated using physiological and biochemical parameters in vegetative tissues of the grafted plants. Plants grafted using S. pennellii (PN) and S. peruvianum (PR) rootstocks showed higher values of water potential (Ѱw), relative water content (RWC), net photosynthetic rate (A), and leaf water use efficiencies (WUE) compared to HM, HM/HM, and HM/MU. Plants grafted onto tomato wild relatives showed the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content. This study demonstrated that the rootstocks of wild tomato relatives reduced the effect of water deficit to a greater extent through better physiological, metabolic, and biochemical adjustments than self-grafting plants.

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