scholarly journals Impact of Rootstock and Season on Red Blotch Disease Expression in Cabernet Sauvignon (V. vinifera)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1583
Author(s):  
Arran C. Rumbaugh ◽  
Raul C. Girardello ◽  
Monica L. Cooper ◽  
Cassandra Plank ◽  
S. Kaan Kurtural ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Disease Expression ◽  
Diseased Fruit ◽  
Berry Composition

Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), the causative agent of grapevine red blotch disease, is widespread across the United States and causes a delay in ripening events in grapes. This study evaluates the effects of GRBV on Cabernet Sauvignon grape berry composition, grafted on two different rootstocks (110R and 420A) in two seasons (2016 and 2017). Total soluble solids, acidity, and anthocyanin concentrations were monitored through ripening and at harvest. Phenolic and volatile compounds were also analyzed at harvest to determine genotypic and environmental influences on disease outcome. Sugar accumulation through ripening was lower in diseased fruit (RB (+)) than healthy fruit across rootstock and season. GRBV impact was larger in 2016 than 2017, indicating a seasonal effect on disease expression. In general, anthocyanin levels and volatile compound accumulation was lower in RB (+) fruit than healthy fruit. Total phenolic composition and tannin content was higher in RB (+) fruit than healthy fruit in only 110R rootstock. Overall, GRBV impacted Cabernet Sauvignon grape composition crafted on rootstock 110R more than those crafted on rootstock 420A.

scholarly journals Leaf-to-Fruit Ratios in Vitis vinifera L. cv. “Sauvignon Blanc”, “Carmenère”, “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and “Syrah” Growing in Maule Valley (Chile): Influence on Yield and Fruit Composition

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa ◽  
Irina Díaz-Galvéz ◽  
Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez ◽  
Yerko Moreno-Simunovic
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Berry Composition

A trial was conducted during the 2005–2006 season in order to determine the effects of different leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield components and fruit composition in four Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. The treatments consisted of selecting shoots of four lengths (>1.3 m, 1.3–0.8 m, 0.8–0.4 m, and <0.4 m) with two crop levels (1–2 clusters/shoot), which allowed defining eight ratios. Berry composition and yield components were measured. The treatments affected the accumulation of soluble solids in “Sauvignon blanc”, “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and “Syrah”, delaying it as the ratio decreased. All yield components were affected in “Sauvignon blanc”, while bunch weight and the number of berries per bunch were altered without a clear trend. None of the yield components were affected in “Cabernet Sauvignon”, while the lowest ratio presented the lowest number of berries per bunch in “Syrah”. Total polyphenol index (TPI) was affected in “Carmenère” without a clear trend. A highly significant correlation was found between shoot length and leaf area in all studied cultivars. As the ratio increased, the shoot lignification increased in “Sauvignon blanc”. However, studies must be conducted during more seasons to establish better conclusions about the effects of leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield and fruit composition.

scholarly journals Effect of Climate Change on Polyphenols Accumulation in Grapevine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monis Hussain Shah ◽  
Rizwan Rafique ◽  
Tanzila Rafique ◽  
Mehwish Naseer ◽  
Uzman Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Berry Composition

Phenolics compounds in grapes contribute to berry and must color, organoleptic properties, nutritional value, antioxidant properties and provide protection against environmental challenges. Climate change has place mammoth challenges for the viticulture industry in different viticulture regions. Environmental variables determine to the greater extent, suitable grapes varieties for fresh as well as premium quality wine production. Grape berry composition is particularly affected by heat, drought, and intensity of solar irradiation. It is expected that climatic extremes will have an adverse effect on berry quality traits such as phenolic compounds in different grape cultivars. Polyphenols particularly anthocyanins decrease at elevated temperature, similarly flavanols levels increase with better exposure to solar radiation. Water availability is crucial for better vine growth and good production, however modest water stress particularly near veraison, upregulates the activity of key enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. Therefore, it is important to know that how and when phenolic substance accumulate in berries and how various cultivars respond. This review elaborates the effect of weather conditions on biosynthesis of different phenolic compounds in grapes. Berry phenolic substances e.g., total phenolic compounds (TPC), total anthocyanins (TAC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) synthesis is strongly regulated under the influence of environmental conditions during growing season. In this chapter we, shall focus on accumulation of phenolic compounds in grapevine in relation to climatic variations.

scholarly journals Yield and Berry Composition of Cold-climate Grape Cultivars and Advanced Selections in Iowa Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
James A. Schrader ◽  
Diana R. Cochran ◽  
Paul A. Domoto ◽  
Gail R. Nonnecke
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Berry Composition ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Increasing interest in grape (Vitis sp.) and wine production in the upper midwest region of the United States has created a need for science-based information that characterizes the potential of cold-climate cultivars to produce quality grapes with acceptable yields. We evaluated the yield and quality (composition) of grapes from 12 cold-climate, interspecific-hybrid grape cultivars (northern hybrids) grown in a randomized and replicated field plot in central Iowa. The grape trial was planted in 2008, and crop performance of cultivars was evaluated from 2012 through 2017 (yield) and 2014 through 2017 (berry composition). The trial included two established cultivars, five newer cultivars, and five advanced selections. The established cultivars included in the study as controls were Frontenac and St. Croix. The newer cultivars evaluated in this study were Arandell, Corot Noir, La Crescent, Marquette, and Petit Ami, and the advanced selections were MN 1189, MN 1200, MN 1220, MN 1235, and MN 1258. Yield and productivity were characterized by measuring yield per vine, number of clusters per vine, average cluster weight, and pruning weight. The fruit composition indices were soluble solids concentration (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), and sugar:acid ratio (SSC ÷ TA). On the basis of their strong results for both yield and fruit composition measures, ‘Marquette’, MN 1235, and MN 1220 ranked as the top-performing cultivars in Iowa’s climate, followed by Petit Ami and St. Croix. ‘Petit Ami’ had slightly lower yield consistency and slightly lower results for SSC than did the top performing cultivars, and St. Croix had among the highest and most consistent yields of the trial but showed lower results for SSC and sugar:acid ratio than many of the other cultivars. ‘La Crescent’ had midrange yields and high SSC, but the high TA of ‘La Crescent’ fruit resulted in a low sugar:acid ratio at harvest. Two cultivars (MN 1258 and MN 1200) had relatively low yields in Iowa’s climate but achieved good results for composition indices. ‘Frontenac’ had high, consistent yields and achieved high SSC, but the very high TA of ‘Frontenac’ fruit resulted in a very low sugar:acid ratio compared with most other cultivars. The remaining three cultivars (Corot Noir, MN 1189, and Arandell) performed poorly in Iowa’s climate, showing both low yield and undesirable fruit composition indices compared with the other cultivars in the trial. An itemized summary of the relative ratings for yield and fruit composition is provided to aid growers in selection and management of grape cultivars for use in Iowa and other areas of similar climate.

scholarly journals Leaf Removal Applied to a Sprawling Canopy to Regulate Fruit Ripening in Cabernet Sauvignon

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Patrick O’Brien ◽  
Cassandra Collins ◽  
Roberta De Bei
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Fruit Acidity ◽  
Australian Climate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost

Under the effects of climate change, it is becoming increasingly common to observe excessively fast grape sugar accumulation while phenolic and flavour development are lagging behind. The aim of this research was to quantify the impacts of three different leaf removal techniques on the canopy architecture and ripening of Cabernet Sauvignon trained in a sprawl trellis system. Treatments were performed at veraison (~14 °Brix) and included (i) control; (ii) leaf plucking in the bunch zone; (iii) leaf plucking the top two-thirds of shoots, apical to the bunches; and (iv) shoot trimming. On the date of harvest, no significant difference in total soluble solids was observed between treatments. Other results including the effect of the treatments on fruit acidity, anthocyanins, phenolics, and tannins were somewhat inconclusive. While various other studies have shown the potential of leaf removal to achieve slower grape sugar accumulation without affecting the concentration of anthocyanins, phenolics, and tannins, the results of this study do not indicate a decrease in the rate of grape sugar accumulation as a result of the investigated defoliation techniques. Given the cost of implementing these treatments, the results of this study do not support the use of these methods for the purpose of delaying fruit ripening in a hot Australian climate.

Enhancement of grape berry weight induced by an ethanol spray four weeks before harvest and effects of a night spray at an earlier date

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chervin ◽  
S. Savocchia ◽  
M. Krstic ◽  
E. Serrano ◽  
R. van Heeswijck
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Made In

Spraying aqueous solutions of ethanol (between 2.5 and 10%, v/v) 1 month before harvest has been shown to increase berry weight of Cabernet Sauvignon by about 10% at harvest compared with controls sprayed with water. These observations were made in France and in Australia. The increase in berry weight was not associated with significant changes in total soluble solids. Additional measurements showed that spraying aqueous solutions of ethanol onto the berry surface 1 month before harvest had only small effects on the colour of berry skin extracts. In another trial, spraying ethanol at night 1 month earlier than other trials lead to a slight increase in the colour of the skin extracts. Optimisation of the spraying conditions is discussed.

scholarly journals A Vitis vinifera Cluster's Wing-related Structural Characteristics and Their Associations with Yield and Berry Composition

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1277
Author(s):  
Michael E. Tarter ◽  
Stefano Poni
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Principal Axis ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Berry Composition ◽  
Shed Light

The hypotheses considered in this article concern the basic question, besides bearing a wing, in what ways do wing-bearing and non-wing-bearing clusters differ? Vines sampled at midseason were again selected at harvest. Each weight of a Vitis vinifera cluster sampled at midseason was multiplied by the number of clusters on the vine from which the cluster had been selected. Correlation coefficients between this quantity and the sampled vine's yield at harvest differed significantly in the sense that coefficients determined solely from the subset of sampled clusters on which a wing (a lateral arm originating from the peduncle and separate from the main body of the cluster) was present were found to be larger than coefficients determined from all sampled clusters. To shed light on distinguishing characteristics of clusters that bore wings, the weights of clusters that had been sampled at midseason were studied. Despite being weighed after the removal of their wings, clusters that had wings were found to be significantly heavier than clusters (sampled at the same midseason date) that had never had wings. Box and whisker plots were constructed to assess this finding as well to study the relationships between a Vitis vinifera rachis' (a cluster's principal axis) weight, length, and diameter and wing absence or presence. For each of the five vineyard blocks that we studied, the median rachis midseason diameters of wing-bearing clusters exceeded the median rachis diameters of non-wing-bearing clusters. Concerning ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Vitis vinifera clusters that had wings, it was also found that the late-season differences between the median soluble solids concentrations (°Brix) of wing-borne berries and the median °Brix of non-wing-borne berries were inappreciable.

scholarly journals Effects of Defoliation at Fruit Set on Vine Physiology and Berry Composition in Cabernet Sauvignon Grapevines

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Eleonora Cataldo ◽  
Linda Salvi ◽  
Francesca Paoli ◽  
Maddalena Fucile ◽  
Giovan Battista Mattii
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Berry Composition

Grapevine canopy defoliation is a fundamentally important technique for the productivity and quality of grapes. Leaf removal is a pivotal operation on high-density vines which aims to improve air circulation, light exposure, and leaf gas exchange. The effects of leaf removal (LR) on vine physiology and berry composition in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines were studied during the 2018–2019 growing season in the Bolgheri area, Tuscany, Italy. The basal leaves were removed at fruit set at two severity levels (removal of four basal leaves of each shoot (LR4) and removal of eight basal leaves (LR8)). The two treatments were compared with the not defoliated control (CTRL). The following physiological parameters of vines were measured: leaf gas exchange, leaf water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence and indirect chlorophyll content. The results showed that defoliation increased single leaf photosynthesis. In addition, qualitative grape parameters (phenolic and technological analyses) and daytime and night-time berry temperature were studied. The results showed that leaf removal had an impact on total soluble solids (°Brix), titratable acidity, and pH. The LR8-treated grapes had higher titratable acidity, while those in the LR4 treatment had higher °Brix and extractable anthocyanin and polyphenol content. Berry weight was not significantly influenced by the timing and severity of basal defoliation. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effects of defoliation at the fruit set on vines performance.

scholarly journals Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities in grape berry skin, seed and stems of six winegrape varieties grown in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Hande Tahmaz Karaman ◽  
Damla Yüksel Küskü ◽  
Gökhan Söylemezoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Phenolic Compound ◽  
Grape Varieties

In this study, seeds, skins and stems of the red wine grape varieties Boğazkere, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Nero d’Avola, Sangiovese and Syrah grown in Turkey were analysed for their phenolic compounds. The highest total phenolic compound and DPPH were found in the stem of Boğazkere respectively as 62550 mg GAE/kg dw and 614 µmol/g dw; the highest ABTS•+, (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin were detected in the seed of Nero d’Avola respectively as 617 µmol trolox/g dw, 8650 mg/kg and 1902 mg/kg dw; the highest total anthocyanin and rutin were measured in the skin of Boğazkere respectively as 143.52 mg/kg dw and 9692 mg/kg dw; the highest quercetin was found in the seed of Boğazkere as 49.21 mg/kg dw and the highest trans-resveratrol was measured in the stem of Syrah as 61.56 mg/kg dw.

Investigating the effect of oxalic acid and salicylic acid treatments on the post-harvest life of temperate grown apricot varieties (Prunus armeniaca) during controlled atmosphere storage

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322110320
Author(s):  
Mariya Batool ◽  
Omar Bashir ◽  
Tawheed Amin ◽  
Sajad Mohd Wani ◽  
FA Masoodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Injury Index

This study aimed at investigating the influence of different postharvest treatments with oxalic acid (OA) and salicylic acid (SA) on quality attributes and postharvest shelf life of temperate grown apricot varieties stored under controlled atmosphere (CA) storage conditions. After each treatment was given, the samples were stored in CA store maintained at a temperature of 0 °C, 90 ± 5% relative humidity, 5% oxygen and 15% carbon dioxide for 30 days. Results indicated that both OA and SA treatments significantly (p ≤ 0.05) retained total soluble solids, titratable acidity, color profile, ascorbic acid content and total phenolic content of apricot varieties and had a positive effect on antioxidant activity and texture of samples compared to control. However, carotenoid content was found to be higher in control. Both the treatments reduced chilling injury index, weight loss and decay percentage of samples. Moreover, it was found that SA treatment was the most effective treatment in maintaining visual color of apricots while OA maintained fruit firmness and effectively decreased the decay percentage and chilling injury index of apricot varieties. In conclusion, it was found that both OA and SA have the potential to extend storage life of apricots and maintain quality attributes of the crop during CA storage.

scholarly journals Kumquat (Fortunella margarita): A Good Alternative for the Ingestion of Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Clarice Silva e Souza ◽  
Pamella Cristine Anunciação ◽  
Ceres Mattos Della Lucia ◽  
Rosana Gonçalves Rodrigues das Dôres ◽  
Regina Célia Rodrigues de Miranda Milagres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber

Citrus fruit is preferred in the choice of consumers. Kumquat (F. margarita) is an unconventional citrus of increasing consumer interest because of its exotic flavor, and its functional potential that offers health benefits to consumers. It is a fruit traditionally consumed by whole fruit (peel and pulp), giving this fruit a distinctive flavor. For this reason, this study analyzed the physical, chemical, and nutritional characteristics of kumquat (peel and pulp). The physicochemical analysis was performed according to the Adolfo Lutz Institute. Analysis of moisture, ashes, macronutrients, and total dietary fiber was carried out according to AOAC. Minerals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Vitamins C and E, carotenoids and flavonoids were analyzed by HPLC. Phenolic compounds (Folin-Ciocalteu) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH) were determined by spectrophotometry. The kumquat had low pH, soluble solids content and low caloric value. It was a source of dietary fiber, minerals (K, Ca, P, Mg) and carotenoids; the most expressive was α-carotene (661.81 μg 100 g−1). The ascorbic acid concentration was 2326.24 μg 100 g−1. α-tocopherol (569.00 μg 100 g−1) was the most expressive component of vitamin E. There was a presence of apigenin and eriodictyol. The fruit (peel and pulp) has a high concentration of total phenolic compounds (98.55 ± 1.93 mg GAE 100 g−1) and good antioxidant capacity (62%) was found. Kumquat is a good source of fiber and vitamin A, and due to its antioxidant capacity and the presence of other essential and beneficial nutrients for a diet, consumption of kumquat can be suggested to complement the diet. This fruit is a viable food alternative, and its consumption should be encouraged, contributing a source of income, sovereignty, and food security.

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