scholarly journals RNA Interference and CRISPR/Cas Gene Editing for Crop Improvement: Paradigm Shift towards Sustainable Agriculture

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1914
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Rajput ◽  
Khushboo Choudhary ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
V. Vivekanand ◽  
Aakash Chawade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Interfering Rna

With the rapid population growth, there is an urgent need for innovative crop improvement approaches to meet the increasing demand for food. Classical crop improvement approaches involve, however, a backbreaking process that cannot equipoise with increasing crop demand. RNA-based approaches i.e., RNAi-mediated gene regulation and the site-specific nuclease-based CRISPR/Cas9 system for gene editing has made advances in the efficient targeted modification in many crops for the higher yield and resistance to diseases and different stresses. In functional genomics, RNA interference (RNAi) is a propitious gene regulatory approach that plays a significant role in crop improvement by permitting the downregulation of gene expression by small molecules of interfering RNA without affecting the expression of other genes. Gene editing technologies viz. the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) have appeared prominently as a powerful tool for precise targeted modification of nearly all crops’ genome sequences to generate variation and accelerate breeding efforts. In this regard, the review highlights the diverse roles and applications of RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 system as powerful technologies to improve agronomically important plants to enhance crop yields and increase tolerance to environmental stress (biotic or abiotic). Ultimately, these technologies can prove to be important in view of global food security and sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Impact of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Sustainable Agriculture: An Important Natural Resource for Crop Improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Debnirmalya Gangopadhyay ◽  
Ashmita Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Environmentally Sound

It is usually admitted that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in modern agriculture create a real environmental and public health problems. The increasing demand for production with a significant reduction of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides use is a big challenge nowadays. The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria or PGPR has been proven to be an environmentally sound way of increasing crop yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or indirect mechanism. They play an important role to increase in soil fertility, plant growth promotion and suppression of phytopathogens for development of ecofriendly sustainable agriculture. In view of the latest advances in PGPR biotechnology, this paper proposes to do the review on PGPR in rhizosphere and describes the different mechanisms used by PGPR to promote the plants growth and health. In prospect to a healthy and sustainable agriculture, the PGPR approach revealed as one of the best ecofriendly alternatives.

scholarly journals The Development of Herbicide Resistance Crop Plants Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Huirong Dong ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
Kejian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Transgenic Breeding ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Huge Challenge

The rapid increase in herbicide-resistant weeds creates a huge challenge to global food security because it can reduce crop production, causing considerable losses. Combined with a lack of novel herbicides, cultivating herbicide-resistant crops becomes an effective strategy to control weeds because of reduced crop phytotoxicity, and it expands the herbicidal spectrum. Recently developed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas)-mediated genome editing techniques enable efficiently targeted modification and hold great potential in creating desired plants with herbicide resistance. In the present review, we briefly summarize the mechanism responsible for herbicide resistance in plants and then discuss the applications of traditional mutagenesis and transgenic breeding in cultivating herbicide-resistant crops. We mainly emphasize the development and use of CRISPR/Cas technology in herbicide-resistant crop improvement. Finally, we discuss the future applications of the CRISPR/Cas system for developing herbicide-resistant crops.

RNA interference (RNAi): Application in crop improvement: A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanini Pathak ◽  
Bhabesh Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Nutritional Improvement ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Rnai Technology ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Global Food

Among those various recent biotechnological tools, RNA Interference (RNAi) has been playing important role in crop improvement. RNAi can be defined as the ability of exogenous or endogenous double stranded RNA to suppress the expression of the gene which corresponds to the sequence of double stranded RNA. RNAi has been extensively used in various species to suppress gene function and is a novel approach to modify the gene expression for better quality traits and nutritional improvement in different crops. If judiciously used, this technology may go a long way to narrow the gap through production of disease, insect and virus resistant, nutritionally rich and toxic-free crops. The technology that has been developed by the developed countries will be available to any lab including those in the developing countries, where work utilizing RNAi technology is either in progress or going to be launched shortly. Ultimately this kind of technology can be important to global food security and also to maintain sustainability.

scholarly journals Application and Mechanisms of Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF) for Phytostimulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Motaher Hossain ◽  
Farjana Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Increasing Demand

Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) constitute diverse genera of nonpathogenic fungi that provide a variety of benefits to their host plants. PGPF show an effective role in sustainable agriculture. Meeting increasing demand for crop production without damage to the environment is the biggest challenge nowadays. The use of PGPF has been recognized as an environmentally friendly way of increasing crop production. These fungi have proven to increase crop yields by improving germination, seedling vigor, plant growth, root morphogenesis, photosynthesis, and flowering through either a direct or indirect mechanism. The mechanisms of PGPF involve solubilizing and mineralizing nutrients for easy uptake by plants, regulating hormonal balance, producing volatile organic compounds and microbial enzyme, suppressing plant pathogens and ameliorating abiotic stresses. Successful colonization is an intrinsic factor for most PGPF to exert their beneficial effects on plants. A certain level of specificity exists in the interactions between plant species and PGPF for root colonization and growth promoting effects. There is a gap between the number of reported efficacious PGPF and the number of PGPF as biofertilizer. Efforts should be strengthened to improve the efficacy and commercialization of PGPF. Hence, this chapter summarizes valuable information regarding the application and mechanisms of PGPF in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals An Efficient Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 Mutagenesis System for Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Chin Yeap ◽  
Norkhairunnisa Che Mohd Khan ◽  
Norfadzilah Jamalludin ◽  
Muhammad Rashdan Muad ◽  
David Ross Appleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Dna Delivery ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Cleavage Efficiency ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has emerged as a powerful tool for the precise editing of plant genomes for crop improvement. Rapid in vitro methods for the determination of guide RNA (gRNA) cleavage efficiency and an efficient DNA delivery system is essential for gene editing. However, we lack an efficient gene-editing system for palm species. In this study, we described the development of a transient oil palm protoplast assay to rapidly evaluate the cleavage efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis and the generation of stable transformed oil palms using biolistic particle bombardment in immature embryos. Using the phytoene desaturase (EgPDS) gene, we found cleavage frequency of up to 25.49% in electro-transfected protoplast, which enables the production of transgenic oil palm shoots exhibiting chimeric albino phenotypes as a result of DNA insertions, deletions (InDels), and nucleotide substitutions, with a mutation efficiency of 62.5–83.33%. We further validated the mutagenesis efficiency and specificity of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in oil palm by targeting the brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (EgBRI1) gene, which resulted in nucleotide substitutions in EgBRI1 with premature necrosis phenotype in oil palm transgenic shoots and stunted phenotype resulting from DNA InDels. Taken together, our results showed that effective and efficient editing of genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be achieved in oil palm by optimizing the selection of efficient gRNA and DNA delivery methods. This newly designed strategy will enable new routes for the genetic improvement in oil palm and related species.

scholarly journals Current Status of Research, Regulations, and Future Challenges for CRISPR Gene-Editing in Crop Improvement

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Sadikshya Sharma ◽  
Seonghee Lee ◽  
Heqiang Huo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Research Regulations ◽  
Quality Of Food

Recently, new plant-breeding technology such as CRISPR gene editing has provided the potential to substantially improve crop breeding in agriculture. Considerable efforts have been devoted to apply this gene-editing technology in modern agriculture to increase crop yields and improve the quality of food ingredients, especially by many of the major agronomic seed-producing companies. In this new 4-page article, we outline the recent research updates and regulations on gene editing in crop improvement. Written by Sadikshya Sharma, Heqiang Huo, and Seonghee Lee and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1334

scholarly journals Tackling G × E × M interactions to close on-farm yield-gaps: creating novel pathways for crop improvement by predicting contributions of genetics and management to crop productivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Cooper ◽  
Kai P. Voss-Fels ◽  
Carlos D. Messina ◽  
Tom Tang ◽  
Graeme L. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Improvement Strategies ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Key message Climate change and Genotype-by-Environment-by-Management interactions together challenge our strategies for crop improvement. Research to advance prediction methods for breeding and agronomy is opening new opportunities to tackle these challenges and overcome on-farm crop productivity yield-gaps through design of responsive crop improvement strategies. Abstract Genotype-by-Environment-by-Management (G × E × M) interactions underpin many aspects of crop productivity. An important question for crop improvement is “How can breeders and agronomists effectively explore the diverse opportunities within the high dimensionality of the complex G × E × M factorial to achieve sustainable improvements in crop productivity?” Whenever G × E × M interactions make important contributions to attainment of crop productivity, we should consider how to design crop improvement strategies that can explore the potential space of G × E × M possibilities, reveal the interesting Genotype–Management (G–M) technology opportunities for the Target Population of Environments (TPE), and enable the practical exploitation of the associated improved levels of crop productivity under on-farm conditions. Climate change adds additional layers of complexity and uncertainty to this challenge, by introducing directional changes in the environmental dimension of the G × E × M factorial. These directional changes have the potential to create further conditional changes in the contributions of the genetic and management dimensions to future crop productivity. Therefore, in the presence of G × E × M interactions and climate change, the challenge for both breeders and agronomists is to co-design new G–M technologies for a non-stationary TPE. Understanding these conditional changes in crop productivity through the relevant sciences for each dimension, Genotype, Environment, and Management, creates opportunities to predict novel G–M technology combinations suitable to achieve sustainable crop productivity and global food security targets for the likely climate change scenarios. Here we consider critical foundations required for any prediction framework that aims to move us from the current unprepared state of describing G × E × M outcomes to a future responsive state equipped to predict the crop productivity consequences of G–M technology combinations for the range of environmental conditions expected for a complex, non-stationary TPE under the influences of climate change.

scholarly journals Low Light/Darkness as Stressors of Multifactor-Induced Senescence in Rice Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3936
Author(s):  
Ahmed G. Gad ◽  
Habiba ◽  
Xiangzi Zheng ◽  
Ying Miao
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽  
Premature Leaf Senescence

Leaf senescence, as an integral part of the final development stage for plants, primarily remobilizes nutrients from the sources to the sinks in response to different stressors. The premature senescence of leaves is a critical challenge that causes significant economic losses in terms of crop yields. Although low light causes losses of up to 50% and affects rice yield and quality, its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. Darkness-mediated premature leaf senescence is a well-studied stressor. It initiates the expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs), which have been implicated in chlorophyll breakdown and degradation. The molecular and biochemical regulatory mechanisms of premature leaf senescence show significant levels of redundant biomass in complex pathways. Thus, clarifying the regulatory mechanisms of low-light/dark-induced senescence may be conducive to developing strategies for rice crop improvement. This review describes the recent molecular regulatory mechanisms associated with low-light response and dark-induced senescence (DIS), and their effects on plastid signaling and photosynthesis-mediated processes, chloroplast and protein degradation, as well as hormonal and transcriptional regulation in rice.

scholarly journals Improved Transformation and Regeneration of Indica Rice: Disruption of SUB1A as a Test Case via CRISPR-Cas9

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6989
Author(s):  
Yuya Liang ◽  
Sudip Biswas ◽  
Backki Kim ◽  
Julia Bailey-Serres ◽  
Endang M. Septiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Submergence Tolerance ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Submergence Stress ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Vector Delivery

Gene editing by use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) has become a powerful tool for crop improvement. However, a common bottleneck in the application of this approach to grain crops, including rice (Oryza sativa), is efficient vector delivery and calli regeneration, which can be hampered by genotype-dependent requirements for plant regeneration. Here, methods for Agrobacterium-mediated and biolistic transformation and regeneration of indica rice were optimized using CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing of the submergence tolerance regulator SUBMERGENCE 1A-1 gene of the cultivar Ciherang-Sub1. Callus induction and plantlet regeneration methods were optimized for embryogenic calli derived from immature embryos and mature seed-derived calli. Optimized regeneration (95%) and maximal editing efficiency (100%) were obtained from the immature embryo-derived calli. Phenotyping of T1 seeds derived from the edited T0 plants under submergence stress demonstrated inferior phenotype compared to their controls, which phenotypically validates the disruption of SUB1A-1 function. The methods pave the way for rapid CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of recalcitrant indica rice cultivars.

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