scholarly journals Optimized RNA-Silencing Strategies for Rice Ragged Stunt Virus Resistance in Rice

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Severine Lacombe ◽  
Martine Bangratz ◽  
Hoang Anh Ta ◽  
Thanh Duc Nguyen ◽  
Pascal Gantet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Inverted Repeat ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Inverted Repeat Construct ◽  
Rice Ragged Stunt Virus

Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) is one of the most damaging viruses of the rice culture area in south and far-eastern Asia. To date, no genetic resistance has been identified and only expensive and non-environmentally friendly chemical treatments are deployed to fight this important disease. Non-chemical approaches based on RNA-silencing have been developed as resistance strategies against viruses. Here, we optimized classical miRNA and siRNA-based strategies to obtain efficient and durable resistance to RRSV. miRNA-based strategies are involved in producing artificial miRNA (amiR) targeting viral genomes in plants. Classically, only one amiR is produced from a single construct. We demonstrated for the first time that two amiRs targeting conserved regions of RRSV genomes could be transgenically produced in Nicotiana benthamiana and in rice for a single precursor. Transgenic rice plants producing either one or two amiR were produced. Despite efficient amiR accumulations, miRNA-based strategies with single or double amiRs failed to achieve efficient RRSV resistance in transformed rice plants. This suggests that this strategy may not be adapted to RRSV, which could rapidly evolve to counteract them. Another RNA-silencing-based method for viral resistance concerns producing several viral siRNAs targeting a viral fragment. These viral siRNAs are produced from an inverted repeat construct carrying the targeted viral fragment. Here, we optimized the inverted repeat construct using a chimeric fragment carrying conserved sequences of three different RRSV genes instead of one. Of the three selected homozygous transgenic plants, one failed to accumulate the expected siRNA. The two other ones accumulated siRNAs from either one or three fragments. A strong reduction of RRSV symptoms was observed only in transgenic plants expressing siRNAs. We consequently demonstrated, for the first time, an efficient and environmentally friendly resistance to RRSV in rice based on the siRNA-mediated strategy.

scholarly journals The Grapevine E3 Ubiquitin Ligase VriATL156 Confers Resistance against the Downy Mildew Pathogen Plasmopara viticola

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Elodie Vandelle ◽  
Pietro Ariani ◽  
Alice Regaiolo ◽  
Davide Danzi ◽  
Arianna Lovato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Vitis Species ◽  
Vitis Riparia

Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most severe diseases of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Genetic resistance is an effective and sustainable control strategy, but major resistance genes (encoding receptors for specific pathogen effectors) introgressed from wild Vitis species, although effective, may be non-durable because the pathogen can evolve to avoid specific recognition. Previous transcriptomic studies in the resistant species Vitis riparia highlighted the activation of signal transduction components during infection. The transfer of such components to V. vinifera might confer less specific and therefore more durable resistance. Here, we describe the generation of transgenic V. vinifera lines constitutively expressing the V. riparia E3 ubiquitin ligase gene VriATL156. Phenotypic and molecular analysis revealed that the transgenic plants were less susceptible to P. viticola than vector-only controls, confirming the role of this E3 ubiquitin ligase in the innate immune response. Two independent transgenic lines were selected for detailed analysis of the resistance phenotype by RNA-Seq and microscopy, revealing the profound reprogramming of transcription to achieve resistance that operates from the earliest stages of pathogen infection. The introduction of VriATL156 into elite grapevine cultivars could therefore provide an effective and sustainable control measure against downy mildew.

scholarly journals Overexpression of DUF538 from Wild Arachis Enhances Plant Resistance to Meloidogyne spp.

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Guerra Araujo ◽  
Patricia Messenberg Guimaraes ◽  
Ana Paula Zotta Mota ◽  
Larissa Arrais Guimaraes ◽  
Bruna Medeiros Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Uncharacterized Protein ◽  
Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽  
Domain Of Unknown Function ◽  
Expression Behavior ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Wild Peanut ◽  
First Time

DUF538 proteins belong to a large group of uncharacterized protein families sharing the highly conserved Domain of Unknown Function (DUF). Attention has been given to DUF538 domain-containing proteins due to changes in their gene expression behavior and protein abundance during plant development and responses to stress. Putative roles attributed to DUF538 in plants under abiotic and biotic constraints include involvement in cell redox balance, chlorophyll breakdown and pectin degradation. Our previous transcriptome studies suggested that DUF538 is also involved in the resistance responses of wild Arachis species against the highly hazardous root-knot nematodes (RKNs). To clarify the role of the AsDUF538 gene from the wild peanut relative Arachis stenosperma in this interaction, we analyzed the effect of its overexpression on RKN infection in peanut and soybean hairy roots and Arabidopsis transgenic plants. AsDUF538 overexpression significantly reduced the infection in all three heterologous plant systems against their respective RKN counterparts. The distribution of AsDUF538 transcripts in RKN-infected Arachis roots and the effects of AsDUF538 overexpression on hormonal pathways and redox system in transgenic Arabidopsis were also evaluated. This is the first time that a DUF538 gene is functionally validated in transgenic plants and the earliest report on its role in plant defense against RKNs.

Identification of regulatory genes to improve nitrogen use efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Guevara ◽  
Yong-Mei Bi ◽  
Steven J. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Use Efficiency

Guevara, D. R., Bi, Y.-M. and Rothstein, S. J. 2014. Identification of regulatory genes to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1009–1012. Crop production on soils containing sub-optimal levels of nitrogen (N) severely compromises yield potential. The development of crop varieties displaying high N use efficiency (NUE) is necessary in order to optimize N fertilizer use, and reduce the environmental damage caused by the current excessive application of N in agricultural areas. Genome-wide microarray analysis of rice plants grown under N-limiting environments was performed to identify NUE candidate genes. An early nodulin gene, OsENOD93-1, was strongly up-regulated during plant growth under low N. A constitutive Ubiquitin promoter was used to drive the expression of the OsENOD93-1 gene in transgenic plants to determine the importance of OsENOD93-1 for rice NUE. Transgenic rice plants over-expressing the OsENOD93-1 gene achieved ∼23% and 16% more yield and biomass, respectively, compared with wild-type plants when grown under N-limitation conditions. OsENOD93-1-OX transgenic plants accumulated a higher amount of total amino acids in the roots and xylem sap under N stress, suggesting that OsENOD93-1 plays a role in the transportation of amino acids. Taken together, we demonstrate that an effective way to identify NUE gene candidates involves both transcriptional profiling coupled with a transgenic validation approach to improve complex traits such as NUE in important crops.

Advances in breeding techniques for durable Septoria tritici blotch (STB) resistance in cereals

2021 ◽  
pp. 303-356
Author(s):  
Harsh Raman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Qualitative Resistance ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, is one of the most important foliar diseases of winter cereal crops. Recent advances are helping to understand the genetic basis and architecture of resistance to STB. To date, at least 22 genes for qualitative resistance and over 200 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for quantitative resistance have been identified in cereals. This knowledge is enabling cereal breeding programs to develop varieties with more durable resistance to STB. This chapter reviews recent research on genetic resistance loci and breeding strategies based on both conventional and biotechnology-based breeding approaches (molecular marker/genomic-assisted breeding, genetic transformation, and gene-editing) to achieve achieving durable resistance to STB infection and minimise grain yield losses.

scholarly journals Analysis of Silencing Escape of Tomato leaf curl virus: An Evaluation of the Role of DNA Methylation

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Yu Bian ◽  
M. Saif Rasheed ◽  
Mark J. Seemanpillai ◽  
M. Ali Rezaian
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Tomato Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Sense Strand ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tomato Leaf Curl ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

RNA silencing is a sequence-specific mechanism regulating gene expression and has been used successfully for antiviral defense against RNA viruses. Similar strategies to develop resistance against DNA containing Tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV) and some other geminiviruses have been unsuccessful. To analyze this silencing escape, we transformed tomato plants with a hairpin construct from the TLCV C2 open reading frame (ORF). The transgenic plants showed a strong RNA silencing response, and following TLCV inoculation, their infection was delayed. However, the viral infection was not prevented and TLCV DNA accumulated to the levels found in nontransgenic plants. To determine the fate of a transgene carrying homology to the virus, we used transgenic plants carrying the TLCV C4 gene, which induces a distinct phenotype. Upon TLCV infection, the phenotype was abolished and C4 transcript disappeared. Concurrently, TLCV-specific small interfering RNAs were produced. In situ hybridization showed abundant levels of TLCV DNA in phloem cells of TLCV-infected C4 trans-genic plants. However, the C4 transcripts were no longer detectable in nonvascular cells. Analysis of the transgene by methylation sequencing revealed a high level of de novo methylation of asymmetric cytosines in both the C4 ORF and its 35S promoter. A high level of methylation also was found at both symmetric and asymmetric cytosines of the complementary-sense strand of TLCV double-stranded DNA. Given the previous finding that methylated geminivi-ral DNA is not competent for replication, we provide a model whereby TLCV evades host defense through a population of de novo synthesized unmethylated DNA.

p2 of Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) and p6 and p9 of Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) isolates from Vietnam exert suppressor activity on the RNA silencing pathway

Virus Genes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Duc Nguyen ◽  
Séverine Lacombe ◽  
Martine Bangratz ◽  
Hoang Anh Ta ◽  
Do Nang Vinh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Rice Grassy Stunt Virus ◽  
Rice Ragged Stunt Virus

scholarly journals Specific Resistance of Barley to Powdery Mildew, Its Use and Beyond: A Concise Critical Review

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Powdery mildew caused by the airborne ascomycete fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) is one of most common diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare). This, as with many other plant pathogens, can be efficiently controlled by inexpensive and environmentally-friendly genetic resistance. General requirements for resistance to the pathogens are effectiveness and durability. Resistance of barley to Bgh has been studied intensively, and this review describes recent research and summarizes the specific resistance genes found in barley varieties since the last conspectus. Bgh is extraordinarily adaptable, and some commonly recommended strategies for using genetic resistance, including pyramiding of specific genes, may not be effective because they can only contribute to a limited extent to obtain sufficient resistance durability of widely-grown cultivars. In spring barley, breeding the nonspecific mlo gene is a valuable source of durable resistance. Pyramiding of nonspecific quantitative resistance genes or using introgressions derived from bulbous barley (Hordeum bulbosum) are promising ways for breeding future winter barley cultivars. The utilization of a wide spectrum of nonhost resistances can also be adopted once practical methods have been developed.

Ground to conduct: mechanochemical synthesis of a metal–organic framework with high proton conductivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (36) ◽  
pp. 7637-7640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Matoga ◽  
Marcin Oszajca ◽  
Marcin Molenda
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Mechanochemical Synthesis ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
High Proton Conductivity ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
High Proton ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Organic Framework

A high proton-conducting metal–organic framework (PCMOF) is prepared for the first time by economical and environmentally-friendly mechanochemistry.

Optimization and validation of an environmentally friendly method for zinc determination in new and used lubricating oil samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (48) ◽  
pp. 8435-8442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana F. B. Mota ◽  
Ednilton M. Gama ◽  
Guilherme D. Rodrigues ◽  
Letícia M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase System ◽  
Used Lubricating Oil ◽  
Zinc Determination ◽  
First Time ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method

This work presents the optimization and validation of a new environmentally friendly method for zinc quantification in new and used lubricating oil samples, using, for the first time, the extracting agent diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone) associated with the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS).

Environmentally friendly high performance homopolymerized epoxy using hyperbranched epoxy as a modifier

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (17) ◽  
pp. 14211-14221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Liu ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Liangdong Zhang ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
An Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Hyperbranched Polyether ◽  
First Time

A high performance, low cost, and environmentally friendly epoxy is demonstrated for the first time by copolymerizing a small amount of epoxide-terminated hyperbranched polyether with DGEBA.

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