scholarly journals Sorption–Desorption Behavior of Doxycycline in Soil–Manure Systems Amended with Mesquite Wood Waste Biochar

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2566
Author(s):  
Mohammad I. Al-Wabel ◽  
Munir Ahmad ◽  
Hamed A. Al-Swadi ◽  
Jahangir Ahmad ◽  
Yassir Abdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Pore Diffusion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotic ◽  
And Diffusion

Elevated levels of doxycycline (DC) have been detected in the environment due to its extensive utilization as a veterinary antibiotic. Sorption–desorption behavior of DC in soil affects its transport, transformation, and availability in the environment. Thus, sorption–desorption behavior of DC was explored in three soils (S1, S2, and S3) after manure application with and without mesquite wood-waste-derived biochar (BC) pyrolyzed at 600 °C. Sorption batch trials demonstrated the highest DC sorption in soil S1 as compared to S2 and S3, either alone or in combination with manure or manure + BC. Chemical sorption and pore diffusion were involved in DC sorption, as indicated by the kinetic models. Soil S1 with manure + BC exhibited the highest Langmuir model predicted sorption capacity (18.930 mg g−1) compared with the other two soils. DC sorption capacity of soils was increased by 5.0–6.5-fold with the addition of manure, and 10–13-fold with BC application in a soil–manure system. In desorption trials, manure application resulted in 67%, 40%, and 41% increment in DC desorption in soil S1, S2, and S3, respectively, compared to the respective soils without manure application. In contrast, BC application reduced DC desorption by 73%, 66%, and 65%, in S1, S2, and S3, respectively, compared to the soils without any amendment. The highest DC sorption after BC application could be due to H bonding, π–π EDA interactions, and diffusion into the pores of BC. Hence, mesquite wood-waste-derived BC can effectively be used to enhance DC retention in contaminated soil to ensure a sustainable ecosystem.

A Ternary, Two-Phase, Mathematical Model of Oil Recovery With Surfactant Systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 606-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Thomas ◽  
Paul D. Fleming ◽  
William K. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Oil Displacement ◽  
Surfactant Systems ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract A mathematical model describing one-dimensional (1D), isothermal flow of a ternary, two-phase surfactant system in isotropic porous media is presented along with numerical solutions of special cases. These solutions exhibit oil recovery profiles similar to those observed in laboratory tests of oil displacement by surfactant systems in cores. The model includes the effects of surfactant transfer between aqueous and hydrocarbon phases and both reversible and irreversible surfactant adsorption by the porous medium. The effects of capillary pressure and diffusion are ignored, however. The model is based on relative permeability concepts and employs a family of relative permeability curves that incorporate the effects of surfactant concentration on interfacial tension (IFT), the viscosity of the phases, and the volumetric flow rate. A numerical procedure was developed that results in two finite difference equations that are accurate to second order in the timestep size and first order in the spacestep size and allows explicit calculation of phase saturations and surfactant concentrations as a function of space and time variables. Numerical dispersion (truncation error) present in the two equations tends to mimic the neglected present in the two equations tends to mimic the neglected effects of capillary pressure and diffusion. The effective diffusion constants associated with this effect are proportional to the spacestep size. proportional to the spacestep size. Introduction In a previous paper we presented a system of differential equations that can be used to model oil recovery by chemical flooding. The general system allows for an arbitrary number of components as well as an arbitrary number of phases in an isothermal system. For a binary, two-phase system, the equations reduced to those of the Buckley-Leverett theory under the usual assumptions of incompressibility and each phase containing only a single component, as well as in the more general case where both phases have significant concentrations of both components, but the phases are incompressible and the concentration in one phase is a very weak function of the pressure of the other phase at a given temperature. pressure of the other phase at a given temperature. For a ternary, two-phase system a set of three differential equations was obtained. These equations are applicable to chemical flooding with surfactant, polymer, etc. In this paper, we present a numerical solution to these equations paper, we present a numerical solution to these equations for I D flow in the absence of gravity. Our purpose is to develop a model that includes the physical phenomena influencing oil displacement by surfactant systems and bridges the gap between laboratory displacement tests and reservoir simulation. It also should be of value in defining experiments to elucidate the mechanisms involved in oil displacement by surfactant systems and ultimately reduce the number of experiments necessary to optimize a given surfactant system.

scholarly journals OIL-CONTAMINATED WATER TREATMENT WITH MODIFIED ASH WOOD SAWDUST

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Spl-2-AABAS) ◽  
pp. S280-S285
Author(s):  
Irina Iakovlevna Sippel ◽  
◽  
Gulnaz Albertovna Akhmetgaleeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Emulsified Oil ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sorption Method ◽  
Current Scenario

In the current scenario treatment of oil hydrocarbons contaminated surface and water is one of the most critical environmental issues. Although various treatment methods are available, among these the most effective and environmentally friendly is the sorption method of treatment. The current study is an attempt to investigate the sorption capacity of native and ultrasonically modified ash sawdust sorbents to dissolved and emulsified oil hydrocarbons from wastewater and water bodies under dynamic conditions. Further, ash sawdust (Fraxinus excelsior) formed in woodworking enterprises of the Kama region, Republic of Tatarstan, was used as sorbents. To increase the sorption capacity, wood waste was exposed to ultrasound at a frequency of 35,000 Hz for 4 hours. Results of the study revealed that wood waste has sorption capacity and sorption oil hydrocarbons from wastewater were dependent on various factors. Further, the ultrasonic treatment of wood waste has been increased the sorption capacity of wood waste by 24 percent. Under dynamic conditions, the sorption capacity of ultrasound modified ash sawdust with relation to emulsified oil products was investigated, and reported that ash sawdust has 79% cleaning efficiency. The toxicity of ultrasound-modified ash sawdust was investigated by bio testing on Daphnia magna straus and reported that the ultrasound-modified ash sawdust has acute toxicity on experimental organisms.

Innovation

2019 ◽  
pp. 438-510
Author(s):  
Sheilagh Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Technological Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
The One ◽  
And Diffusion

This chapter addresses how guilds dealt with technological innovation. Innovation is a final sphere in which market failures are widespread in premodern economies, as in modern ones. On the one hand, contemporaries frequently complained that guilds blocked new techniques and practices. On the other hand, guilds were in a position to generate cartel rents, and this might have encouraged their members to incur the costs of invention. Guilds might also have encouraged diffusion of technological knowledge through compulsory apprenticeship, mandatory travelling by journeymen, or the spatial clustering of practitioners. Guilds could also affect innovation unintentionally by things they did for other reasons. Guilds thus provide a rich context for investigating the role of different institutional mechanisms in encouraging the invention and diffusion of innovations.

Adsorption and Diffusion of Dinitroaniline Herbicides in Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Jacques ◽  
R. G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Relative Mobility ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Adsorption of benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine), fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline], oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide), profluralin [N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-α,α,α-tri-fluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine], and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) was studied in 10 Wisconsin soils. Ratios of the quantity of each herbicide adsorbed and quantities remaining in the soil solution at equilibrium (Kd value) on a Piano silt loam (Typic Argiudoll fine-silty, mixed, mesic) remained relatively constant over a range of concentrations. Herbicide adsorption by the soils was related more closely to soil organic matter than to the other soil chemical and physical properties. Diffusion of the herbicides in Piano silt loam was affected by soil water. Diffusion of trifluralin, profluralin and benefin decreased as soil water increased. Diffusion of dinitramine and fluchloralin did not change significantly with change in water content. Diffusion of oryzalin increased at the highest soil water content. None of the herbicides moved more than 10 mm in the soil during a 17-day period. In unsaturated Piano silt loam, relative mobility of the herbicides was trifluralin ≥benefin>profluralin>fluchloralin>dinitramine≥oryzalin. Oryzalin reached highest mobility in water-saturated soil.

Clay Minerals as a Feasible Additive to Stabilize Cadmium in Contaminated Soils

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1906-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Qi Hu ◽  
Xiu Hong Yang ◽  
Ying Chun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Adsorption Behavior ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Cadmium Contaminated Soil

The adsorption behavior of clay minerals in cadmium contaminated soils has been studied in order to remedy soils contaminated with this metal in this work. The results show that Langmuir model best describes the adsorption of Cd2+, and the maximum sorption values of 8.45 mg/g for bentonite, 5.69mg/g for sepiolite and 10.57mg/g for attapulgite are obtained at pH 5-6. In addition, the effect of clay minerals amendment on a highly cadmium contaminated soil has been studied by means of pot experiments. The results indicate that the metal concentrations in shoot and root of plant decreased with addition of clay minerals to soil (1%), and the highest decrease value of metal concentrations is obtained in the soils added by attapulgite amendment.

Adsorption of CuCl2 on Mg-Al HTlc: Effect of EDTA and Addition Sequences

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Yun Bo Zang ◽  
Nai Ying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

In this study, removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions by synthetic Mg-Al-HTlc was investigated as a function of contact time, EDTA and addition sequences at room temperature. It is found that HTlc could reduced copper ions concentration effectively. The kinetics closely fit pseudo-second order kinetics with necessary time 9 h to reach equilibrium. The sorption process followed langmuir model. The maximum sorption capacity calculated was found to be 39.4 mg/g. The presence of EDTA and addition sequences could affect sorption of Cu(II) onto HTlc.

scholarly journals A DYNAMICAL APPROACH TO FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN MOTION

Fractals ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICCARDO MANNELLA ◽  
PAOLO GRIGOLINI ◽  
BRUCE J. WEST
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Asymptotic Behavior ◽  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Correlation Function ◽  
Fractional Brownian Motion ◽  
Gaussian Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hurst Coefficient ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Clear Relation

Herein we develop a dynamical foundation for fractional Brownian motion. A clear relation is established between the asymptotic behavior of the correlation function and diffusion in a dynamical system. Then, assuming that scaling is applicable, we establish a connection between diffusion (either standard or anomalous) and the dynamical indicator known as the Hurst coefficient. We argue on the basis of numerical simulations that although we have been able to prove scaling only for "Gaussian" processes, our conclusions may well apply to a wider class of systems. On the other hand, systems exist for which scaling might not hold, so we speculate on the possible consequences of the various relations derived in the paper on such systems.

scholarly journals REMEDIATION AND DIFFUSION PREVENTION OF LEAD (Pb) CONTAMINATED SOIL BY PLANTS IN A PILOT TEST

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki MATSUFURU ◽  
Munechika HONDA ◽  
Jyunji MUTO ◽  
Hideo TAMURA ◽  
Junichi KOJIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
And Diffusion

Frederick II of Hohenstaufen and Arabic Science

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 289-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Court Life ◽  
The One ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Contemporary Approach

The article argues that Frederick II of Hohenstaufen and his court played a unique role in the transfer and diffusion of Arabic science (with its Greek, Hebrew and Christian elements). Scientists at the court translated and elaborated upon it. Moreover, there existed a two-way traffic of scientific knowledge between Frederick and his court scholars, on the one hand, and several oriental courts and their scientists on the other hand. Thus the reader gains a view of Frederick's scientific activities from the Arab perspective, too.Frederick's contribution to the existing biological sciences of his time was his “Book of Falconry”, which was exceptional in the then contemporary approach and methods employed in those fields. Even in this treatise on falconry, Frederick drew upon the fund of knowledge of Arab practitioners. This chain of arguments concerning Arabic science is situated within the setup of Frederick's oriental political practice and sumptuous court life.

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Prediction of Attenuation of Millimeter Waves by Fog and Smoke

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2080-2085
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Radio Wave ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Millimeter Waves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Weather Phenomenon ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
And Diffusion

Terrestrial radio wave link faces various challenges like attenuation caused by gases, water vapor and other weather phenomenon like rain, storms, snow, fog, cloud etc. These challenges are responsible for absorption and diffusion of energy. Another kind of obstacles observed by the radio waves on terrestrial path is vegetation, lamppost, grills and other urban constructions. Different phenomenon is studied under these conditions like reflection, diffraction, refraction, scattering, depolarization etc. In case of millimeter waves various propagation studies has been performed under different scenarios. More propagation studies are needed to be done especially for fog. In this paper radio wave propagation studies are performed for fog using proposed fog model and results are compared with the other model proposed in the Literature. Another propagation study is performed for smoke which is unique of its kind. This study indicates that even smoke can causes attenuation for millimeter wave frequencies.

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