scholarly journals Optimization of Potassium Supply under Osmotic Stress Mitigates Oxidative Damage in Barley

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Ershad Tavakol ◽  
Bálint Jákli ◽  
Ismail Cakmak ◽  
Klaus Dittert ◽  
Mehmet Senbayram
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Kinetic Activity ◽  
Potassium Supply ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000

Potassium (K) is the most abundant cation in plants, playing an important role in osmoregulation. Little is known about the effect of genotypic variation in the tolerance to osmotic stress under different K treatments in barley. In this study, we measured the interactive effects of osmotic stress and K supply on growth and stress responses of two barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) and monitored reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with enzymatic antioxidant activity and their respective gene expression level. The selected cultivars (cv. Milford and cv. Sahin-91Sahin-91) were exposed to osmotic stress (−0.7 MPa) induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) under low (0.04 mM) and adequate (0.8 mM) K levels in the nutrient solution. Leaf samples were collected and analyzed for levels of K, ROS, kinetic activity of antioxidants enzymes and expression levels of respective genes during the stress period. The results showed that optimal K supply under osmotic stress significantly decreases ROS production and adjusts antioxidant activity, leading to the reduction of oxidative stress in the studied plants. The cultivar Milford had a lower ROS level and a better tolerance to stress compared to the cultivar Sahin-91. We conclude that optimized K supply is of great importance in mitigating ROS-related damage induced by osmotic stress, specifically in drought-sensitive barley cultivars.

scholarly journals Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Activity Distribution in Pearling Fractions of Different Greek Barley Cultivars

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Maria Irakli ◽  
Athina Lazaridou ◽  
Ioannis Mylonas ◽  
Costas G. Biliaderis
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Activity Distribution

In this study, three pearling fractions, namely bran, dehulled grains and pearled grains, derived from fourteen hulled and one hull-less Greek barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.), were analyzed for the protein, ash, β-glucan, phenolic compounds and tocols contents. High variations appeared in the bioactive contents across the barley cultivars and fractions as well. The protein and ash contents decreased from the outer to the inner layers, whereas β-glucans presented an inverse trend. The highest protein and β-glucan contents were in the hull-less cultivar; however, one hulled cultivar (Sirios) exhibited similar β-glucan content, while another (Constantinos) had even higher protein content. The results also revealed that functional compounds were mainly located in bran fraction. Similar trends were also noted for the antioxidant activity. Ferulic acid was the primary phenolic acid in all fractions, followed by sinapic and p-coumaric acids that were dominant in bound form. However, oligomeric flavonoids, such as prodelphinidin B3, catechin, and procyanidin B2, were more abundant in free form. Overall, this study highlights that different barley cultivars can provide pearling flour fractions of varying composition (nutrients and bioactives), which have the potential to serve as nutritionally valuable ingredients in formulations of cereal-based functional food products.

A comparison of UV-B induced stress responses in three barley cultivars

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Hideg ◽  
Eva Rosenqvist ◽  
Gyula Váradi ◽  
Janet Bornman ◽  
Éva Vincze
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Golden Promise ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars

In order to investigate the role of potential genotypic differences in three economically important barley cultivars, experiments were carried out to determine the influence of supplemental ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280–320 nm) radiation on reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant activity and photosynthesis. Greenhouse-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars ‘Cork’, ‘Prestige’ and ‘Golden Promise’ showed different responses to supplemental 280–320 nm (UV-B) representing 100, 138 and 238% levels of ambient biologically active UV-B radiation, respectively. Among the three cultivars studied, cv. Golden Promise was the most tolerant to UV-B, cv. Prestige was slightly more sensitive than cv. Cork. A comparison with the other two cultivars showed that under supplemental UV-B, Golden Promise leaves (i) retained a higher quantum yield of photosynthesis under photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) corresponding to growth conditions; (ii) had the smallest decrease in both electron transport rate and non-photochemical quenching under high PAR; (iii) contained less oxidized ascorbate [measured as dehydroascorbate or electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detectable monodehydroascorbate radicals] than either Cork or Prestige. Under the highest UV-B level applied, Golden Promise leaves maintained the same activity of both monodehydroascorbate-reductase (MDAR) and ascorbate-peroxidase (APX) enzymes, as untreated controls, while MDAR markedly decreased in the other two cultivars and APX slightly increased in cv. Prestige. These features, together with the observation of directly EPR-trappable free radicals and the light-independent accumulation of monodehydroascorbate radicals in Cork and Prestige but not in Golden Promise leaves under high UV-B suggest that Golden Promise plants suffered less oxidative stress than the two other cultivars.

IMPACT OF SORBITOL- INDUCED OSMOTIC STRESS ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS OF POTATO IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1038-1047
Author(s):  
Mawia & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Nutritive Medium ◽  
Starting Point

This study had as principal objective identification of osmotic-tolerant potato genotypes by using "in vitro" tissue culture and sorbitol as a stimulating agent, to induce water stress, which was added to the  culture nutritive medium in different concentration (0,50, 110, 220, 330 and 440 mM).  The starting point was represented by plantlets culture collection, belonging to eleven potato genotypes: Barcelona, Nectar, Alison, Jelly, Malice, Nazca, Toronto, Farida, Fabulla, Colomba and Spunta. Plantlets were multiplied between two internodes to obtain microcuttings (in sterile condition), which were inoculated on medium. Sorbitol-induced osmotic stress caused a significant reduction in the ascorbic acid, while the concentration of proline, H2O2 and solutes leakage increased compared with the control. Increased the proline content prevented lipid peroxidation, which played a pivotal role in the maintenance of membrane integrity under osmotic stress conditions. The extent of the cytoplasmic membrane damage depends on osmotic stress severity and the genotypic variation in the maintenance of membranes stability was highly associated with the ability of producing more amounts of osmoprotectants (proline) and the non-enzymic antioxidant ascorbic acid in response to osmotic stress level. The results showed that the genotypes Jelly, Nectar, Allison, Toronto, and Colomba are classified as highly osmotic stress tolerant genotypes, while the genotypes Nazca and Farida are classified as osmotic stress susceptible ones.

scholarly journals Osmotic Stress or Ionic Composition: Which Affects the Early Growth of Crop Species More?

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ludwiczak ◽  
Monika Osiak ◽  
Stefany Cárdenas-Pérez ◽  
Sandra Lubińska-Mielińska ◽  
Agnieszka Piernik
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Ionic Salt

Salinization is a key soil degradation process. An estimated 20% of total cultivated lands and 33% of irrigated agricultural lands worldwide are affected by high salinity. Much research has investigated the influence of salt (mainly NaCl) on plants, but very little is known about how this is related to natural salinity and osmotic stress. Therefore, our study was conducted to determine the osmotic and ionic salt stress responses of selected C3 and C4 cultivated plants. We focused on the early growth stages as those critical for plant development. We applied natural brine to simulate natural salinity and to compare its effect to NaCl solution. We assessed traits related to germination ability, seedlings and plantlet morphology, growth indexes, and biomass and water accumulation. Our results demonstrate that the effects of salinity on growth are strongest among plantlets. Salinity most affected water absorption in C3 plants (28% of total traits variation), but plant length in C4 plants (17–27%). Compensatory effect of ions from brine were suggested by the higher model plants’ growth success of ca 5–7% under brine compared to the NaCl condition. However, trait differences indicated that osmotic stress was the main stress factor affecting the studied plants.

Plant Volatiles and Oviposition Behavior in the Selection of Barley Cultivars by Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhi B Achhami ◽  
Gadi V P Reddy ◽  
M L Hofland ◽  
Jamie D Sherman ◽  
Robert K D Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Hexenyl Acetate ◽  
Host Selection Behavior ◽  
Selection Decisions

Abstract Wheat stem sawfly, [Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)], females display complex behaviors for host selection and oviposition. Susceptible hollow stem wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars release a greater amount of attractive compound, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and receive a greater number of eggs compared to resistant solid stem wheat cultivars. However, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is becoming a more common host for C. cinctus in Montana. Therefore, how do host selection and oviposition behaviors on barley cultivars compare to what happens when encountering wheat cultivars? To answer this question, we carried out greenhouse experiments using two barley cultivars: ‘Hockett’ and ‘Craft’. Between these cultivars at Zadoks stages 34 and 49, we compared host selection decisions using a Y-tube olfactometer, compared oviposition behaviors on stems, and counted the number of eggs inside individual stems. In Y-tube bioassays, we found a greater number of C. cinctus females were attracted to the airstream passing over ‘Hockett’ than ‘Craft’ barley cultivars. Although the frequencies of oviposition behaviors were similar between these cultivars, the number of eggs was greater in ‘Hockett’. Volatile profiles indicated that the amount of linalool was greater in the airstream from ‘Craft’ than in ‘Hockett’ at Zadoks 34 while the amount of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate was greater in airstream from ‘Hockett’ at both Zadoks 34 and 49. These results suggest that volatiles of barley plants influenced host selection behavior of ovipositing C. cinctus females, while other discriminating behaviors do not differ between cultivars.

scholarly journals Screening for Osmotic Stress Responses in Rice Varieties under Drought Condition

Rice Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Swapna ◽  
Korukkanvilakath Samban Shylaraj
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Rice Varieties

scholarly journals GENOTYPIC VARIATION ON THE ANTIOXIDATIVE RESPONSE OF COWPEACULTIVARS EXPOSED TO OSMOTIC STRESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDILENE DANIEL DE ARAÚJO ◽  
ALBERTO SOARES DE MELO ◽  
MARIA DO SOCORRO ROCHA ◽  
REBECA FERREIRA CARNEIRO ◽  
MAURISRAEL DE MOURA ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Antioxidative Response ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

ABSTRACT The cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], also known as cowpea, is of fundamental socioeconomic importance to the northeast of Brazil, and has become one of the main sources of protein in the diet of the rural population. However, in this region, it has become necessary to identify genotypes that are better adapted to drought. In addition, research is needed regarding the action of substances that promote tolerance to stress factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative response of cowpea cultivars under osmotic stress conditions using potassium nitrate as an attenuator. Five osmotic potentials were tested in the substrate (0.0, −0.2, −0.4, −0.6, and −0.8 MPa), and three seed treatments (pre-soaking in distilled water, pre-soaking in potassium nitrate, and without pre-soaking) were tested in three cowpea cultivars (BRS Itaim, BRS Aracê, and BRS Potengi). The design was randomized with 45 treatments and four replications. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (P < 0.05), and in cases of significance, regression analysis was conducted to quantitate the factors. Our results indicate that an increase in proline content in cowpea plants may be seen as indicative of the intensity of water stress on germination and the initial stages of growth of the plant. The BRS Itaim cultivar best tolerates drought conditions with the application of potassium nitrate, given the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase.

Classification of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare). 1. Historical aspects, and phenetic character analysis of some characters by information theory and by spatial autocorrelation

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2769-2773
Author(s):  
Bernard B. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Character Analysis ◽  
Barley Cultivars

A brief historical sketch of the classification of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars is presented along with reference to key reviews on this subject. Characters, utilized in the comprehensive study on the barley cultivars of North America by Aberg and Wiebe (U.S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 942), were subjected to a series of phenetic character analyses using an information theory model and a spatial autocorrelation model. The ranking of the 48 characters in order of their importance (for classification and identification purposes) from the character analysis by information theory was compared with the previous rating of characters made by Aberg and Wiebe and was found to differ significantly. Numerous trials of character analysis by spatial autocorrelation using various Minkowski distances, setting various values among three parameters, never yielded results comparable with those obtained by Aberg and Wiebe. Among those trials, a few combinations of values for the three parameters (X, Y, and Z) yielded results comparable with those obtained with character analysis by information theory. Those same combinations of values were found by Estabrook and Gates (Taxon, 33: 13–25) in their study of Banisteriopsis in 1984, where they also developed the method of character analysis by spatial autocorrelation. Kernel weight was found to be the most important character.

THE DIGESTIBILITY BY PIGS OF DRY MATTER, ENERGY, PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS IN WHEAT CULTIVARS. II. FIFTEEN CULTIVARS GROWN IN TWO YEARS, COMPARED WITH BONANZA AND FERGUS BARLEYS, AND 3CW-GRADE HARD RED SPRING WHEAT

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
J. M. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Available Lysine

Fifteen wheat cultivars (Triticum vulgare L.) and two barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.), some grown in two or three different years, were evaluated in two digestion trials with pigs of 40 kg initial weight. Some samples had frost damage. Each cultivar was measured for bulk weight (kg/hL), weight in g/1000 kernels, kernel plumpness and percent germination. The grains and feces were analyzed for gross energy, crude protein and amino acids. The diets comprised 95.7% ground grain, 0.5% chromic oxide, and mineral and vitamin supplements. Crude protein (N × 6.25) ranged from 11.1 to 19.7%. In terms of digestibility of energy, digestibility of protein, content of digestible crude protein (DCP), available lysine and digestible energy (DE), the wheat cultivars Inia-66 and Neepawa ranked highest, followed by Norquay, then Glenlea, Pitic-62 and PFW606A. Within cultivar, year-to-year differences were observed as well as some effects of frost damage. Cultivar differences in DE were found but DCP and available lysine were identified as the most important nutritional criteria for wheat to be used as the major grain in the animal diet. Environmental conditions affecting crop growth and seed maturity may be as important as genetic differences between cultivars in regard to nutritional quality evaluations as measured in these trials.Key words: Digestibility, wheat, protein, energy, amino acids, pigs

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