A comparison of UV-B induced stress responses in three barley cultivars

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Hideg ◽  
Eva Rosenqvist ◽  
Gyula Váradi ◽  
Janet Bornman ◽  
Éva Vincze
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Golden Promise ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars

In order to investigate the role of potential genotypic differences in three economically important barley cultivars, experiments were carried out to determine the influence of supplemental ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280–320 nm) radiation on reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant activity and photosynthesis. Greenhouse-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars ‘Cork’, ‘Prestige’ and ‘Golden Promise’ showed different responses to supplemental 280–320 nm (UV-B) representing 100, 138 and 238% levels of ambient biologically active UV-B radiation, respectively. Among the three cultivars studied, cv. Golden Promise was the most tolerant to UV-B, cv. Prestige was slightly more sensitive than cv. Cork. A comparison with the other two cultivars showed that under supplemental UV-B, Golden Promise leaves (i) retained a higher quantum yield of photosynthesis under photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) corresponding to growth conditions; (ii) had the smallest decrease in both electron transport rate and non-photochemical quenching under high PAR; (iii) contained less oxidized ascorbate [measured as dehydroascorbate or electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detectable monodehydroascorbate radicals] than either Cork or Prestige. Under the highest UV-B level applied, Golden Promise leaves maintained the same activity of both monodehydroascorbate-reductase (MDAR) and ascorbate-peroxidase (APX) enzymes, as untreated controls, while MDAR markedly decreased in the other two cultivars and APX slightly increased in cv. Prestige. These features, together with the observation of directly EPR-trappable free radicals and the light-independent accumulation of monodehydroascorbate radicals in Cork and Prestige but not in Golden Promise leaves under high UV-B suggest that Golden Promise plants suffered less oxidative stress than the two other cultivars.

Agronomic response to seeding rate of two- and six-rowed barley cultivars in central Alberta

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Jedel ◽  
J. H. Helm
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Yield Responses

Little information is available on the response of two-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars to seeding rate in central Alberta. The objective of this research was to compare the effects of seeding rates of 129–344 seeds m−2 (50–140 kg ha−1) on the agronomic response of two- and six-rowed barley grown in central Alberta. Grain yields of 5.8–6.1 t ha−1 were not affected by seeding rates in 1990 and 1991 at Lacombe. As seeding rates increased in 1992, grain yields at Lacombe increased from 6.4 to 7.8 t ha−1; at Olds, from 3.5 to 4.0 t ha−1; and at Botha for the 129 seeds m−2 treatment, yields were only 5.5 t ha−1, compared with 5.8 to 6.0 t ha−1 for the other treatments. Effects of seeding rate on test and kernel weights varied between location–years. Tiller numbers m−2 were found to increase at higher seeding rates for the two-rowed cultivars, Abee and Harrington, while for the six-rowed cultivars, Noble and Virden, these numbers remained constant. Node numbers spike−1 decreased with higher seeding rates for both two- and six-rowed cultivars. There was little effect of seeding rate on kernel number spike−1 for the two-rowed cultivars, while for the six-rowed cultivars this number decreased. Although the two- and six-rowed cultivars differed in their partitioning of yield and the effects of seeding rates on these components, their yield responses to seeding rate did not differ. Recommended seeding rates for barley in central Alberta should be above 129 seeds m−2 (50 kg ha−1). To maintain high kernel and test weights, seeding rates for barley grown in central Alberta for malt quality should range from 172 to 258 seeds m−2. When conditions warrant accelerated development, seeding rates of 300 or more seeds m−2 should be used. Key words:Hordeum vulgare, management, yield components

scholarly journals Optimization of Potassium Supply under Osmotic Stress Mitigates Oxidative Damage in Barley

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Ershad Tavakol ◽  
Bálint Jákli ◽  
Ismail Cakmak ◽  
Klaus Dittert ◽  
Mehmet Senbayram
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Kinetic Activity ◽  
Potassium Supply ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000

Potassium (K) is the most abundant cation in plants, playing an important role in osmoregulation. Little is known about the effect of genotypic variation in the tolerance to osmotic stress under different K treatments in barley. In this study, we measured the interactive effects of osmotic stress and K supply on growth and stress responses of two barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) and monitored reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with enzymatic antioxidant activity and their respective gene expression level. The selected cultivars (cv. Milford and cv. Sahin-91Sahin-91) were exposed to osmotic stress (−0.7 MPa) induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) under low (0.04 mM) and adequate (0.8 mM) K levels in the nutrient solution. Leaf samples were collected and analyzed for levels of K, ROS, kinetic activity of antioxidants enzymes and expression levels of respective genes during the stress period. The results showed that optimal K supply under osmotic stress significantly decreases ROS production and adjusts antioxidant activity, leading to the reduction of oxidative stress in the studied plants. The cultivar Milford had a lower ROS level and a better tolerance to stress compared to the cultivar Sahin-91. We conclude that optimized K supply is of great importance in mitigating ROS-related damage induced by osmotic stress, specifically in drought-sensitive barley cultivars.

scholarly journals Dissimilarity of barley powdery mildew resistances Lomerit and Heils Hanna

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Japanese Isolate ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Reaction Type ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Old Japanese

  The resistance Heils Hanna (HH) was postulated in several tens of 471 previously tested winter barley cultivars. In this paper, new tests on 29 of these cultivars are reported. Thirty-two reference isolates of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei held in the pathogen genebank at the Agricultural Research Institute in Kromeriz, Ltd. including a Japanese isolate and five Israeli isolates were used for response tests. However, the resistance HH conferred by the gene Mla8 and herein characterised by reaction type 0 to an old Japanese isolate known as Race I was now postulated only in four cultivars. In the other 25 cultivars another resistance, characterised by reaction type 0 to Race I and also to two Israeli isolates, was detected. In addition to the two mentioned resistances, eight known (Bw, Dr2, Ha, IM9, Ln, Lv, Ra and Sp) resistances were found in the set examined. Lomerit was the only registered cultivar tested here in which the newly detected resistance was present alone, therefore, it is recommended that this resistance be designated Lo.

Plant Volatiles and Oviposition Behavior in the Selection of Barley Cultivars by Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhi B Achhami ◽  
Gadi V P Reddy ◽  
M L Hofland ◽  
Jamie D Sherman ◽  
Robert K D Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Hexenyl Acetate ◽  
Host Selection Behavior ◽  
Selection Decisions

Abstract Wheat stem sawfly, [Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)], females display complex behaviors for host selection and oviposition. Susceptible hollow stem wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars release a greater amount of attractive compound, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and receive a greater number of eggs compared to resistant solid stem wheat cultivars. However, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is becoming a more common host for C. cinctus in Montana. Therefore, how do host selection and oviposition behaviors on barley cultivars compare to what happens when encountering wheat cultivars? To answer this question, we carried out greenhouse experiments using two barley cultivars: ‘Hockett’ and ‘Craft’. Between these cultivars at Zadoks stages 34 and 49, we compared host selection decisions using a Y-tube olfactometer, compared oviposition behaviors on stems, and counted the number of eggs inside individual stems. In Y-tube bioassays, we found a greater number of C. cinctus females were attracted to the airstream passing over ‘Hockett’ than ‘Craft’ barley cultivars. Although the frequencies of oviposition behaviors were similar between these cultivars, the number of eggs was greater in ‘Hockett’. Volatile profiles indicated that the amount of linalool was greater in the airstream from ‘Craft’ than in ‘Hockett’ at Zadoks 34 while the amount of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate was greater in airstream from ‘Hockett’ at both Zadoks 34 and 49. These results suggest that volatiles of barley plants influenced host selection behavior of ovipositing C. cinctus females, while other discriminating behaviors do not differ between cultivars.

Classification of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare). 1. Historical aspects, and phenetic character analysis of some characters by information theory and by spatial autocorrelation

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2769-2773
Author(s):  
Bernard B. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Character Analysis ◽  
Barley Cultivars

A brief historical sketch of the classification of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars is presented along with reference to key reviews on this subject. Characters, utilized in the comprehensive study on the barley cultivars of North America by Aberg and Wiebe (U.S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 942), were subjected to a series of phenetic character analyses using an information theory model and a spatial autocorrelation model. The ranking of the 48 characters in order of their importance (for classification and identification purposes) from the character analysis by information theory was compared with the previous rating of characters made by Aberg and Wiebe and was found to differ significantly. Numerous trials of character analysis by spatial autocorrelation using various Minkowski distances, setting various values among three parameters, never yielded results comparable with those obtained by Aberg and Wiebe. Among those trials, a few combinations of values for the three parameters (X, Y, and Z) yielded results comparable with those obtained with character analysis by information theory. Those same combinations of values were found by Estabrook and Gates (Taxon, 33: 13–25) in their study of Banisteriopsis in 1984, where they also developed the method of character analysis by spatial autocorrelation. Kernel weight was found to be the most important character.

scholarly journals Identification of a Novel Locus Rmo2 Conditioning Resistance in Barley to Host-Specific Subgroups of Magnaporthe oryzae

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 674-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Nga ◽  
Yoshihiro Inoue ◽  
Izumi Chuma ◽  
Gang-Su Hyon ◽  
Kazuma Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
The Other ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Genetic Crosses ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Common Parent

Barley cultivars show various patterns of resistance against isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae and M. grisea. Genetic mechanisms of the resistance of five representative barley cultivars were examined using a highly susceptible barley cultivar, ‘Nigrate’, as a common parent of genetic crosses. The resistance of the five cultivars against Setaria, Oryza, Eleusine, and Triticum isolates of M. oryzae was all attributed to a single locus, designated as Rmo2. Nevertheless, the Rmo2 locus in each cultivar was effective against a different range of isolates. Genetic analyses of pathogenicity suggested that each cultivar carries an allele at the Rmo2 locus that recognizes a different range of avirulence genes. One allele, Rmo2.a, corresponded to PWT1, which conditioned the avirulence of Setaria and Oryza isolates on wheat, in a gene-for-gene manner. The other alleles, Rmo2.b, Rmo2.c, and Rmo2.d, corresponded to more than one avirulence gene. On the other hand, the resistance of those cultivars to another species, M. grisea, was conditioned by another locus, designated as Rmo3. These results suggest that Rmo2 is effective against a broad range of blast isolates but is specific to M. oryzae. Molecular mapping revealed that Rmo2 is located on the 7H chromosome.

scholarly journals Genotypic differences in root and shoot growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under different salinity levels

Hereditas ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bchini ◽  
M. Ben Naceur ◽  
R. Sayar ◽  
H. Khemira ◽  
L. Ben Kaab-Bettaeïb
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Salinity Levels

THE DIGESTIBILITY BY PIGS OF DRY MATTER, ENERGY, PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS IN WHEAT CULTIVARS. II. FIFTEEN CULTIVARS GROWN IN TWO YEARS, COMPARED WITH BONANZA AND FERGUS BARLEYS, AND 3CW-GRADE HARD RED SPRING WHEAT

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
J. M. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Available Lysine

Fifteen wheat cultivars (Triticum vulgare L.) and two barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.), some grown in two or three different years, were evaluated in two digestion trials with pigs of 40 kg initial weight. Some samples had frost damage. Each cultivar was measured for bulk weight (kg/hL), weight in g/1000 kernels, kernel plumpness and percent germination. The grains and feces were analyzed for gross energy, crude protein and amino acids. The diets comprised 95.7% ground grain, 0.5% chromic oxide, and mineral and vitamin supplements. Crude protein (N × 6.25) ranged from 11.1 to 19.7%. In terms of digestibility of energy, digestibility of protein, content of digestible crude protein (DCP), available lysine and digestible energy (DE), the wheat cultivars Inia-66 and Neepawa ranked highest, followed by Norquay, then Glenlea, Pitic-62 and PFW606A. Within cultivar, year-to-year differences were observed as well as some effects of frost damage. Cultivar differences in DE were found but DCP and available lysine were identified as the most important nutritional criteria for wheat to be used as the major grain in the animal diet. Environmental conditions affecting crop growth and seed maturity may be as important as genetic differences between cultivars in regard to nutritional quality evaluations as measured in these trials.Key words: Digestibility, wheat, protein, energy, amino acids, pigs

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of CrRLK1L genes and their expression profiling during fiber development in cotton

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyun Zuo ◽  
Javaria Ashraf ◽  
Hailiang Cheng ◽  
Shang Liu ◽  
Youping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern

Abstract Background: Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1Ls) proteins play important roles in cell growth, plant morphogenesis, reproduction, hormone signaling, plant immunity and stress responses in Arabidopsis. However, not much information is available about their functions during cotton fiber development.Results: We identified a total of 125, 73 and 71 full-length putative CrRLK1L genes in G. hirsutum, G. arboreum and G. raimondii, which are much greater than that of the other plants. The phylogenetic and gene structure analysis divided the cotton CrRLK1L genes into six major groups, among which only group I and II contained AtCrRLK1Ls of Arabidopsis, suggesting that other groups (group III-VI) were expanded by gene duplication during cotton evolution. Genome collinearity analysis revealed that half of the At02 genes in G. hirsutum derived from A02 of G. arboreum, while the other half (GhCrRLK1L6 and GhCrRLK1L7) originated from Dt03 and Dt02 of G. raimondii, indicating segmental duplication between noncorresponding chromosomes during polyploidization of G. hirsutum. In addition, expression and cis-element analysis revealed that only 22 GhCrRLK1Ls showed specific expression pattern during fiber development which are mainly due to the presence of binding sites for NAC, MYB and WRKY transcription factors.Conclusions: This study provides a strong foundation to further explore the molecular mechanism of CrRLK1L genes during fiber development in upland cotton.

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