scholarly journals Anti-melanogenic Activity of Calocedrus formosana Wood Essential Oil and Its Chemical Composition Analysis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Wen-Wei Hsiao ◽  
K. J. Senthil Senthil Kumar ◽  
Hui-Ju Lee ◽  
Nai-Wen Tsao ◽  
Sheng-Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Mushroom Tyrosinase ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Calocedrus Formosana

Calocedrus formosana (Cupressaceae) is one of the five precious woods of Taiwan. In this study, we investigated the anti-melanogenic activity of C. formosana wood essential oil (CFEO) and its bioactive components in vitro. Initially, CFEO exhibited strong mushroom tyrosinase activity in the cell-free mushroom tyrosinase assay system with an IC50 value of 2.72 µg/mL. Next, treatment with CFEO significantly as well as dose-dependently reduced a combination of a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and forskolin (a-MSH-FSK)-induced melanin synthesis in B16-F10 cells. Indeed, 80 mg/mL CFEO completely inhibited melanin production, which is similar to that of control cells. Further studies revealed that treatment with CFEO significantly inhibited melanogenesis regulatory proteins, including TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF, whereas tyrosinase was unaffected by either a-MSH-FSK or CFEO. In addition, the composition of the CFEO was characterized. The major components of CFEO were α-terpineol (23.47%), shonanic acid (10.45%), terpinen-4-ol (12.23%), thymol (5.3%), piperitone (3.44%), berbenone (2.81%), thujic acid (1.65%), and chaminic acid (0.13%). Among them, shonanic acid (1), thujic acid (2), and chaminic acid (3) were uncommon constitutes in essential oils, which could be the index compounds of CFEO, and the structure of these compounds were confirmed by spectral analysis. Furthermore, we found that thymol is an active ingredient responsible for CFEO’s anti-melanogenic activity. Based on these results, we suggest that CFEO or thymol could be a potential candidate for the development of skin whitening products for cosmetic purposes.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Echinops kebericho Mesfin: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tamirat Bekele Beressa ◽  
Serawit Deyno ◽  
Paul E. Alele
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Standard Drug

Background. Echinops kebericho is an endemic medicinal plant in Ethiopia widely used in the treatment of infectious and noninfectious diseases. Essential oils are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, and antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oil from E. kebericho against four common pathogenic fungi and two standard strains. Methods. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. The antifungal screening was done by agar well diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution. Minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were determined by subculturing fungal strains with no visible growth onto a Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) plate. Results. Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans were highly sensitive while Aspergillus flavus did not show sensitivity up to 1 mg/ml of essential oil; MICs ranged from 0.083 mg/ml to 0.208 mg/ml. Concentration and fungal species showed significant dose-dependent associations ( p < 0.0001 ) with antifungal activity. The MICs of essential oil were comparable to those of the standard drug (fluconazole) against C. glabrata and C. krusei. The lowest MFC of the essential oil was observed against Candida parapsilosis (0.145 mg/ml) while the highest MFC was against Candida krusei (0.667 mg/ml). Conclusion. Echinops kebericho essential oil showed noteworthy antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata and could be a potential candidate for further antifungal drug development.

EFFECTS OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND [8-ARGININE]-VASOTOCIN UPON MELANOGENESIS IN HAIR FOLLICLE MELANOCYTES IN VITRO

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANN LOGAN ◽  
BRIAN WEATHERHEAD
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Potency Ratio ◽  
Melanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) has been shown to act directly on the mammalian melanocyte in short-term cultures of hair follicles obtained from the Siberian hamster. Melanogenesis was stimulated through an increase in tyrosinase activity which resulted in an increase in melanin production. The response of hair follicle melanocytes to α-MSH occurred only in follicles taken from moulting animals, implying that they show a discontinuous expression of MSH receptors during the hair follicle growth cycle. Synthetic 1–24 ACTH had no effect on melanogenesis regardless of whether the follicles came from moulting or non-moulting animals. The pineal peptide, [8-arginine]-vasotocin (AVT), inhibited melanin production without a concomitant decrease in tyrosinase activity. In this respect AVT resembled melatonin, although AVT showed a potency ratio of less than half on a molar basis. The action of AVT, like that of melatonin, must ultimately be on some post-tyrosinase step in melanin biosynthesis. In these hair follicle melanocytes AVT seems to bind to specific receptors since neither of the closely related peptides, oxytocin and [8-arginine]-vasopressin, displayed any activity in our culture system.

Integration of Bioinformatics and in vitro Analysis Reveal Anti-leishmanial Effects of Azithromycin and Nystatin

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-459
Author(s):  
Irum Jehangir ◽  
Syed Farhan Ahmad ◽  
Maryam Jehangir ◽  
Anwar Jamal ◽  
Momin Khan
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Better Than

Background: Leishmaniasis is the major cause of mortality in under-developed countries. One of the main problems in leishmaniasis is the limited number of drug options, resistance and side effects. Such a situation requires to study the new chemical series with anti-leishmanial activity. Objective: To assess the anti-leishmanial activity of antibacterial and antifungal drugs. Methods: We have applied an integrative approach based on computational and in vitro methods to elucidate the efficacy of different antibacterial and antifungal drugs against Leishmania tropica (KWH23). Firstly these compounds were analyzed using in silico molecular docking. This analysis showed that the nystatin and azithromycin interacted with the active site amino acids of the target protein leishmanolysin. The nystatin, followed by azithromycin, produced the lowest binding energies indicating their inhibitive activity against the target. The efficacy of the docked drugs was further validated in vitro which showed that our bioinformatics based predictions completely agreed with experimental results. Stock solutions of drugs, media preparation and parasites cultures were performed according to the standard in-vitro protocol. Results: We found that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of dosage form of nystatin (10,000,00 U) and pure nystatin was 0.05701 µM and 0.00324 µM respectively. The IC50 value of combined azithromycin and nystatin (dosage and pure form) was 0.156 µg/ml and 0.0023 µg /ml (0.00248 µM) respectively. It was observed that IC50 value of nystatin is better than azithromycin and pure form of drugs had significant activity than the dosage form of drugs. Conclusion: From these results, it was also proven that pure drugs combination result is much better than all tested drugs results. The results of both in vitro and in silico studies clearly indicated that comparatively, nystatin is the potential candidate drug in combat against Leishmania tropica.

scholarly journals Anti-Melanogenesis Effects of Lotus Seedpod In Vitro and In Vivo

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3535
Author(s):  
Jen-Ying Hsu ◽  
Hui-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Ting-Shuan Li ◽  
Chaio-Yun Tseng ◽  
Yueching Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Camp Response Element Binding ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Lotus Seedpod

Melanogenesis has many important physiological functions. However, abnormal melanin production causes various pigmentation disorders. Melanin synthesis is stimulated by α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Lotus seedpod extract (LSE) has been reported as possessing antioxidative, anti-aging, and anticancer activities. The present study examined the effect of LSE on melanogenesis and the involved signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that non-cytotoxic doses of LSE and its main component epigallocatechin (EGC) reduced both tyrosinase activity and melanin production in the α-MSH-induced melanoma cells. Western blotting data revealed that LSE and EGC inhibited expressions of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1). Phosphorylation of p38 and protein kinase A (PKA) stimulated by α-MSH was efficiently blocked by LSE treatment. Furthermore, LSE suppressed the nuclear level of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and disturbed the activation of melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF) in the α-MSH-stimulated B16F0 cells. The in vivo study revealed that LSE inhibited melanin production in the ear skin of C57BL/6 mice after exposure to UVB. These findings suggested that the anti-melanogenesis of LSE involved both PKA and p38 signaling pathways. LSE is a potent novo natural depigmenting agent for cosmetics or pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF SIMAROUBA GLAUCA BARK EXTRACT: AN IN VITRO STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
ALEESHA R ◽  
BHARAT MISHRA
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Simarouba Glauca

Objectives: The present study was envisaged to identify the effect of anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activity for methanolic bark extracts of Simarouba glauca. Methods: The present study design was to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and in vitro antidiabetic activity of S. glauca methanolic bark extract. To examine the antidiabetic activity, the samples were studied for their effect on inhibition of alpha-amylase and glucose transport across the dialysis membrane. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay and membrane stabilization method. Results: Our current results indicate that the various bioactive constituents detected in S. glauca may be responsible for its in vitro antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. The ability of plant extract on anti-inflammatory activity showed that it was effective in inhibiting heat-induced albumin denaturation with an IC50 value of test and standard was found to be 46.42 μg/ml and 24.09 μg/ml. In addition to this, heat-induced hemolysis was also performed. The IC50 values of the test and standard were found to be 43.51 μg/ml and 21.41 μg/ml, respectively. The percentage inhibition of the test sample varied from the concentration range of 75 to 100 μg/ml. The IC50 value of the test and standard was found to be 19.08 μg/ml and 9.08 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of the present study concluded that S. glauca bark has the potential to treat diabetes and a novel natural anti-inflammatory agent as a good source. Thus, S. glauca may be a potential candidate for the development of future antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory compounds. However, still further studies and standardization of the plant research may be required to develop them as medicine.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of LZ1, a Peptide Derived from Snake Cathelicidin

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqun Fang ◽  
Xiaoqin He ◽  
Pengcheng Zhang ◽  
Chuanbin Shen ◽  
James Mwangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Strong Suppression ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Global Threat

Antimalarial drug resistance is an enormous global threat. Recently, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as a new source of antimalarials. In this study, an AMP LZ1 derived from snake cathelicidin was identified with antimalarial activity. In the in vitro antiplasmodial assay, LZ1 showed strong suppression of blood stage Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) with an IC50 value of 3.045 μM. In the in vivo antiplasmodial assay, LZ1 exerted a significant antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei (P. berghei) in a dose- and a time- dependent manner. In addition, LZ1 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and attenuated liver-function impairment during P. berghei infection. Furthermore, by employing inhibitors against glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in erythrocytes, LZ1 specifically inhibited adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in parasite-infected erythrocyte by selectively inhibiting the pyruvate kinase activity. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that LZ1 is a potential candidate for novel antimalarials development.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Essential Oil from Togo

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koffi Koba ◽  
Guyon Catherine ◽  
Christine Raynaud ◽  
Jean-Pierre Chaumont ◽  
Komla Sanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

The leaf essential oil of Chromolaena odorata L. (Chenopodiaceae) from Togo were steam-distilled, analyzed by GC and GC-MS for chemical composition and investigated in vitro for its potential cytotoxic activity on human epidermic cell line HaCat. The chemical composition showed that the main constituents of essential oil sample were respectively ascaridole (51.12 %), p-cymene (19.88 %), neral (8.70%) and geraniol (7.55%). The in vitro cytotoxicity bioassays on human cell line HaCaT revealed moderate toxicity level of C. ambrosioides essential oil IC50 with 700 μL.mL-1. Pure commercial neral standard showed high toxicity with IC50 value of 100 μL.mL-1). Conversely, pure ascaridole p-cymene and geraniol standards appeared almost non-toxic (IC50 >1000 μL.mL-1), proving the major role played by neral in the overall toxicity showed by the C. ambrosiodes oil sample tested in this work. Keywords: Chenopodium ambrosioides; Essential oil; Ascaridole; p-cymene; HaCaT cell line; Cytotoxicity. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i4.4594 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(4), 435-440, 2009

scholarly journals Antimelanogenic activities of piperlongumine derived from Piper longum on murine B16F10 melanoma cells in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo: its molecular mode of depigmenting action

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwang-Ju Jeon ◽  
Kyeongnam Kim ◽  
Yong-Deuk Kim ◽  
Sung-Eun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
B16f10 Melanoma ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
B16f10 Melanoma Cells ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Abstract In this study, the antimelanogenic activity of piperlongumine in murine B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish was investigated, and its mode of antimelanogenic action was elucidated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH, 200 nM) was used to induce melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells, and kojic acid (200 μM) was used as a positive control. Piperlongumine had no inhibitory effects on cell growth at the treated concentrations (3 and 6 μM), and it significantly reduced total melanin production. Piperlongumine decreased the expression of Mitf, Tyr, Trp-1, and Trp-2 and tyrosinase activity was also dramatically reduced by the piper amide addition under α-MSH treatment. With these findings, zebrafish embryos were used to confirm antimelanogenic activity of piperlongumine, and it showed the potent antimelanogenic activity at the concentration of 1 μM. Altogether, piperlongumine has potent antimelanogenic activity, and these results support it as a candidate for natural depigmentation agent in a cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

INTERACTION OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE, MELATONIN, CYCLIC AMP AND CYCLIC GMP IN THE CONTROL OF MELANOGENESIS IN HAIR FOLLICLE MELANOCYTES IN VITRO

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN WEATHERHEAD ◽  
ANN LOGAN
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Dependent Mechanism ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

In short-term (48 h) cultures of hair follicles α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and cyclic AMP stimulated melanogenesis through an increase in tyrosinase activity. In contrast cyclic GMP mimicked the effects of melatonin by inhibiting melanin production without causing a concomitant decrease in tyrosinase activity. Both cyclic GMP and melatonin blocked the stimulatory effects of cyclic AMP and α-MSH on melanin production but they left the increased levels of tyrosinase activity unaffected. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and papaverine) simultaneously stimulated tyrosinase activity and inhibited melanin production, presumably by allowing endogenous cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP to accumulate intracellularly. It is suggested that whereas MSH stimulates melanogenesis through a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism there must also be an inhibitory cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism, perhaps activated by melatonin, which operates at some post-tyrosinase step in the melanin biosynthetic pathway.

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