scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization on the Growth, Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Fixation, Mineral Accumulation, Seed Yield, and Seed Quality of a Soybean Low-Phytate Line

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad Taliman ◽  
Qin Dong ◽  
Kohei Echigo ◽  
Victor Raboy ◽  
Hirofumi Saneoka
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Application

Crop seed phosphorus (P) is primarily stored in the form of phytate, which is generally indigestible by monogastric animals. Low-phytate soybean lines have been developed to solve various problems related to seed phytate. There is little information available on the effects of P fertilization on productivity, physiological characteristics, and seed yield and quality in low-phytate soybeans. To address this knowledge gap, studies were conducted with a low-phytate line and two normal-phytate cultivars from western Japan when grown under high- and low-P fertilization. The whole plant dry weight, leaf photosynthesis, dinitrogen fixation, and nodule dry weight at the flowering stage were higher in the higher P application level, but were not different between the low-phytate line and normal-phytate cultivars. As expected, seed yield was higher in the higher level of P application for all lines. Notably, it was higher in the low-phytate line as compared with the normal-phytate cultivars at both levels of fertilizer P. The total P concentration in the seeds of the low-phytate line was the same as that of the normal-phytate cultivars, but the phytate P concentration in the low-phytate line was about 50% less than that of the normal-phytate cultivars. As a result the molar ratio of phytic acid to Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu in seed were also significantly lower in the low-phytate line. From these results, it can be concluded that growth after germination, leaf photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, yield and seed quality were not less in the low-phytate soybean line as compared with two unrelated normal-phytate cultivars currently grown in Japan, and that low-phytate soybeans may improve the bioavailability of microelements.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF WEEDS TO SUNFLOWER UNDER ZERO TILLAGE AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Alternative Site

In order to investigate the effect of no tillage compared with the conventional cultivation and phosphorus fertilization (100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) P2O5 to the weeds grown in the sunflower field variety Aqmar, a field trial was conducted at the experimental farm (alternative site of College of Agriculture- University of Baghdad) Abu- Ghraib during the spring and fall seasons of 2015. the experiment was carried –out by using R.C.B.D. with in split-split arrangement. The results revealed that un ploughed and un weedy treatments had the lowest means of the dry weight and seeds yield. The results, also revealed a significant increase in the weed density, weed dry weight, seeds yield and its components with the increasing of phosphorus fertilizer from 100 to 300 kg ha-1 in both seasons. It can be concluded, that growing sunflower with was reduced the weed density and its distribution in the field, and this caused to zero weed competition reduction to the crop and consequently increased the seeds yield and its components. However, increased phosphor fertilizer levels raised weeds density, their dry weight and seed yield of sunflower.

scholarly journals Lettuce Response to Phosphorus Fertilization in High P soils

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 795E-796
Author(s):  
P.R. Johnstone ◽  
T.K. Hartz*
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Salinas Valley ◽  
P Application ◽  
Resin Membrane

Heavy P fertilization of vegetable crops in the Salinas Valley of California have increased soil P levels, with > 50 mg·kg-1 bicarbonate-extractable P (Pbc) now common. To evaluate the response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to P fertilization in fields with elevated soil P levels, 12 trials were conducted in commercial fields during 2002-2003. Pbc at the trial sites varied from 53-171 mg·kg-1. In each trial four replicate plots receiving the growers' P application were compared with paired plots in which no P was applied. Leaf P was monitored at cupping stage and at harvest. At harvest mean whole plant mass and % of marketable plants were recorded. The correlation of Pbc to bioavailable P (Pba) was evaluated using 30 representative Salinas Valley soils; Pbc varied among these soils from 15-177 mg·kg-1. Pba was estimated by P adsorption on an anion resin membrane during a 16 h incubation. The effect of temperature on P bioavailability in 6 of these soils was estimated by conducting the Pba incubation at 5, 15 and 25 °C. A significant increase in lettuce yield with P fertilization was achieved at only one trial site, a spring planting where Pbc was 54 mg kg-1 ; at all other sites, including 3 with Pbc < 60 mg kg-1, P application resulted in no agronomic benefit. P application resulted in only a marginal increase in plant P uptake. Pba was highly correlated with Pbc (r = 0.89). Pba increased approximately 40% across soils with each 10 °C increase in soil temperature.

scholarly journals Potato Yield and Tuber Quality Did Not Respond to Phosphorus Fertilization of Soils Testing High in Phosphorus Content

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hochmuth ◽  
Pete Weingartner ◽  
Chad Hutchinson ◽  
Austin Tilton ◽  
Dwight Jesseman
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University ◽  
Leaf P

Phosphorus (P) fertilization studies were conducted on four commercial farms and at the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Hastings Research and Education Center in Hastings. All sites were in the potato (Solanum tuberosum) production area of northeastern Florida. Preplant Mehlich-1 soil test P was very low at one commercial site and very high at the other four sites. The yield of marketable size A tubers, the desired tuber category, did not respond to P fertilization from 0 to 66 lb/acre (74.0 kg·ha-1) of P at any site. The average yield across all sites was 324 cwt/acre [16.2 ton/acre (36.3 t·ha-1)]. Leaf-P concentration at midseason did not respond to P fertilization. Leaf-P concentration averaged 0.38%, which was sufficient for potato. Potato tuber specific gravity averaged 1.075 and responded slightly to P fertilization only at one site.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and plant growth regulators on seed yield per plant and seed quality parameters in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2338-2343
Author(s):  
Arpana D. Vaja ◽  
J. B. Patel ◽  
R.N. Daki ◽  
Shital A. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Vigour Index

The present investigation on effect of nitrogen [N0 (Control), N1 (50 kg N/ha), N2 (100 kg N/ha), and N3 (150 kg N/ ha)] and plant growth regulators [G0 (Control), G1 (50 ppm GA3), G2 (50 ppm NAA) and G3 (500 ppm Cycocel)] on seed yield per plant and seed quality parameters in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. GJB 3 was carried out at the Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during kharif 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in field as per randomized block design (Factorial) with three replications. The seed harvested from 16 different treatments combinations replicated thrice from the field were analyzed in the laboratory following completely randomized design (factorial) for various seed quality parameters. Application of nitrogen @ 150 kg N/ha recorded significantly (P<0.05) highest seed yield per plant, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and vigour index – 2 (mass), while application of 100 kg N/ha resulted in significantly (P<0.05) highest germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight and vigour index – 1 (length). Application of GA3 at 50 ppm recorded significantly the highest seed yield per plant, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, vigour index – 1 (length) and vigour index – 2 (mass). Among the 16 different treatment combinations, nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha and GA3 50 ppm noted the maximum seed yield per plant, shoot dry weight and vigour index – 2 (mass), while significantly the maxi-mum germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and vigour index – 1 (length) were registered in treatment combination nitrogen 100 kg N/ha and GA3 @ 50 ppm. Therefore, it is advised that application of 100-150 kg of N/ha as a nitrogenous fertilizer and spray GA3 @ 50 ppm (G1) at 45 days after transplanting helps in increasing the seed yield per plant and seed quality parameters in brinjal seed production.

Effect dates of sowing and cutting time on seed yield and quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) CV. RL-88

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. Arvind Kumar ◽  
B. C. Channakeshava ◽  
R. Siddaraju
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Vigour Index

An experiment was carried to find out the effect of sowing dates and cutting time on seed yield and quality of alfalfa cv. RL-88. The results of the experiment revealed that, the significantly higher seed yield per plant (1.491 g), seed yield per plot (161.07 g) and seed yield (355.00 kg ha-1) was noticed in 15th August sowing and the cutting carried out at 60 days after sowing. Whereas, the seed quality parameters of the resultant seeds viz., highest seed germination (95.00 %), seedling length (13.90 cm), seedling dry weight (412.69 mg) and seedling vigour index (1320) found highest in15th August sowing and the cutting followed at 60 days after sowing.

Response of Azolla Caroliniana and Rice to Phosphorus Enrichment of the Azolla Inoculum and Phosphorus Fertilization During Intercropping

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Singh ◽  
P. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Enrichment ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Azolla Caroliniana ◽  
Nitrogen Yield

SummaryThe effects of phosphorus enrichment of Azolla inoculum and phosphorus fertilization during intercropping on the growth, nitrogen fixation and phosphorus content of Azolla caroliniana and the grain yield, straw yield and nitrogen uptake of rice were studied for four consecutive seasons. The phosphorus-enriched Azolla maintained a higher plant phosphorus content and produced a greater biomass and nitrogen yield than the unenriched Azolla. Application of phosphorus during intercropping significantly increased the dry weight, nitrogen yield and phosphorus content of both unenriched and phosphorus-enriched Azolla. The differences between the enriched and unenriched Azolla declined as increasing levels of phosphorus were applied during intercropping. The grain and straw yields and nitrogen uptake of rice were increased both by phosphorus-enrichment of Azolla inoculum and by phosphorus fertilization during intercropping.La gestión de fósforos para la siembra simultánea del Azolla y el arroz

scholarly journals Ethephon Reduces Lodging and Enhances Seed Yield and Quality in Onion

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-606
Author(s):  
V. R. Yalamalle ◽  
◽  
T. Arunachalam ◽  
R. Kumari ◽  
D. M. Ithape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Onion Seed ◽  
Almost All

Onion is an important vegetable crop grown in almost all parts of the World as a flavouring agent in food preparation. It is propagated by seeds and the seed crop is affected by several fungal, viral and bacterial diseases which cause lodging and reduces the seed yield and quality. Onion seed crop was sprayed with different concentration of ethephon (0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm) for two duration at 45 or 45+60 days after planting during (DAP) during 2018-19 and 2019-20 rabi seasons. The effect of ethephon on seed yield and seed quality was studied. In comparison to control ethephon application significantly reduced scape length and % lodging by 38.73% and 42.52% respectively. There was 31.90% and 89% enhancement in scape diameter and yield respectively. Ethephon spray also enhanced seed quality, highest germination and seed vigour was recorded in plants sprayed with 600 ppm ethephon at 45 and 60 DAP which was 19% and 51.65% higher than control. Highest seedling dry weight was observed in plants sprayed with 100 ppm ethephon at 45 DAP. Among the treatments, 100 and 200 ppm ethephon applied at 45 DAP had lower lodging and higher seed yield and seed quality. Hence spraying of onion seed crop with 100 ppm ethephon at 45 DAP is beneficial for getting higher seed yield and quality.

scholarly journals Lettuce Response to Phosphorus Fertilization in High Phosphorus soils

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1499-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. Johnstone ◽  
T.K. Hartz ◽  
M.D. Cahn ◽  
M.R. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Correction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Salinas Valley ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Leaf P

Decades of heavy phosphorus (P) fertilization of vegetable crops in the Salinas Valley of California has increased soil test P (STP) levels, with bicarbonate-extractable P (Pbc) values >50 mg·kg–1 now common. To evaluate the response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to P fertilization in fields with elevated STP levels, 12 trials were conducted in commercial fields during 2002–03. Initial Pbc at the trial sites varied from 53 to 171 mg·kg–1. In each trial, four replicate plots receiving the growers' P application were compared with paired plots in which no P was applied. Leaf P was monitored at midseason and at harvest. At harvest, mean whole and marketable plant mass and percent of marketable plants were recorded. A significant increase in lettuce yield with P fertilization was achieved at only one trial site, a spring planting with 54 mg·kg–1 Pbc; at all other sites, including three with Pbc <60 mg·kg–1, P application resulted in no significant yield increase. Phosphorus application resulted in only a marginal increase in plant P uptake; in the nonresponsive fields leaf P concentration of nonfertilized plots was in excess of established sufficiency levels. In a laboratory study, the correlation of Pbc to bioavailable P (Pba) was evaluated using 30 representative Salinas Valley soils; Pbc varied among these soils from 15 to 177 mg·kg–1. Pba was estimated by P adsorption on an anion resin membrane during a 16 hour incubation. The effect of temperature on P bioavailability in six of these soils was estimated by conducting the Pba incubation at 5, 15, and 25 °C. Pba was highly correlated with Pbc (r = 0.89), and increased about 40% across soils with each 10 °C increase in soil temperature. Therefore, Pbc was determined to be an accurate reflection of bioavailable P in these soils, although the addition of a temperature correction factor in setting threshold values is desirable.

scholarly journals Plant Density Affects Yield and Quality of Confectionery Pumpkin Seeds

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 802C-802
Author(s):  
Sung Eun Lee* ◽  
Sang Gyu Lee ◽  
Chiwon W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The influence of plant density on yield of three confectionery seed pumpkin accessions was investigated under non-irrigated field conditions. Seeds of Golden Delicious (GD), open-pollinated Chinese snow-white seed (CS), and a selection from Austrian hull-less (HL) pumpkin were planted 30, 60, and 90 cm apart in rows that were 127 cm apart with seedlings thinned to one plant per hill. Plants were grown from 23 May to 18 Sept. One fruit per plant was harvested from five plants for each of the three replications. The number of seeds (and dry weight of seed) per fruit were 242 (59 g), 304 (87 g), and 334 (106 g), respectively, at 30, 60, and 90 cm spacing for GD. The number of seeds (and dry weight of seed) per fruit were 219 (108 g), 266 (108 g), and 258 (106 g), respectively, at 30, 60, and 90 cm spacing for CS. The number of seeds (and dry weight of seed) per fruit were 376 (76 g), 404 (94 g), and 304 (82 g), respectively, at 30, 60, and 90 cm spacing for HL. Highest seed yield was at 60 cm plant spacing for CS and HL, whereas GD produced highest seed yield at 90 cm plant spacing. The differences in total seed yield, seed size, and confectionery seed quality, as influenced by plant density and seed source, were also characterized.

Control of volunteer alsike clover in timothy grown for seed

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-559
Author(s):  
A. L. Darwent ◽  
J. H. Smith ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

A study was conducted in 1-yr-old stands of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) to evaluate spring applications of several herbicide treatments for the control of volunteer alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.). In one 3-yr experiment, clopyralid at 0.2 kg a.i. ha−1, alone or with 2,4-D at 0.4 kg acid equivalent ha−1 effectively controlled alsike clover (flower production and the dry weight of aboveground parts were reduced by nearly 100% and 96% or more, respectively). Clopyralid at 0.1 kg ha−1, alone or with 2,4-D at 0.4 kg ha−1, and picloram/2,4-D (1:16) at 0.4 kg ha−1 provided similar control in 2 of 3 yr. In the other year, the clopyralid alone (0.1 kg ha−1) and picloram/2,4-D treatments reduced alsike clover flower production by 75% or more but the dry weight of aboveground parts was reduced by less than 55%. 2,4-D alone had little effect in reducing either the flower production or dry weight of aboveground parts of alsike clover. Seed yields of timothy were increased by herbicide treatments which provided effective control of alsike clover when vegetative growth of the latter species was vigorous. In another 3-yr experiment conducted in weedfree stands of 1-yr-old timothy, none of the above treatments had any effect on the seed yield, weight per 100 seeds or seed germination of the crop. Key words: Volunteer alsike clover, timothy, seed yield, seed quality, crop tolerance

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