scholarly journals The Role of Root Exudates of Barley Colonized by Pseudomonas fluorescens in Enhancing Root Colonization by Fusarium culmorum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Vishnevskaya ◽  
Vlada Shakhnazarova ◽  
Alexander Shaposhnikov ◽  
Olga Strunnikova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In The Beginning

The aim of this study was to find out why after joint inoculation of the substrate with the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum and the antagonistic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens the amount of the fungus on the root surface in the beginning of the colonization was greater on the roots colonized by the bacterium than on control roots. This phenomenon is especially interesting because joint inoculation with P. fluorescens was always followed by a considerable decrease in the incidence of Fusarium root rot. In two experiments barley was grown in sterile vermiculite inoculated only with F. culmorum, only with P. fluorescens and jointly with the fungus and the bacterium. In the control, vermiculite was not inoculated with any microorganisms. After the removal from the vermiculite, barley plants were transferred into deionized water for the collection of root exudates. The duration of barley growth in the vermiculite and in the water was different in the two experiments. The exudates were tested for their ability to elicit chemotropism in F. culmorum and influence its growth. We did not observe any chemotropism of F. culmorum towards barley root exudates. However, the exudates of the barley colonized by the bacterium stimulated the growth of fungal germ tubes. Using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system, we found that experimental conditions influenced the quantitative composition of the exudates. The amount of amino acids in the solution of exudates decreased considerably after a prolonged growth of control barley in water, while the presence of P. fluorescens resulted in a considerably increase of the amount of amino acids in the exudates. The exudates of barley colonized by P. fluorescens contained much more glucose, lactic acid and several amino acids than the exudates of control barley. These components are known to be necessary for the growth of F. culmorum. Their presence in the exudates of barley colonized by P. fluorescens seems to be the reason of a more active colonization by the fungus of barley roots colonized by the bacterium.

scholarly journals Features of the initial stages of the relationship between barley, phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum and rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens 2137

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Shaposhnikov ◽  
N. A. Vishnevskaya ◽  
V. Yu. Shakhnazarova ◽  
D. S. Syrova ◽  
E. V. Borodina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
The Relationship

It was shown that enhanced colonization of barley's roots by Fusarium culmorum in the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2137 may be due to the composition of root exudates. Strain 2137 can enhance expression of plant defence gene PAL.

Activation of protective reactions in barley plants during colonization of roots with the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum in the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2137

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Shaposhnikov ◽  
◽  
N.A. Vishnevskaya ◽  
V.Yu. Shakhnazarova ◽  
D.S. Syrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Protective Response ◽  
Host Protection

The expression of the PAL gene, one of the host protection genes, in sterile barley plants and colonized F. culmorum and P. fluorescens 2137 were assessed. The obtained results indicate that strain 2137 may cause a more active protective response (1.5-2.1 fold) in barley than a phytopathogenic fungus.

scholarly journals Studies on ceratain aspects of root surface fungi. I Fungi on living roots of Pennisetum typhoides (Burm f.) Stapf et Hubb.

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
R. S. Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Root Extracts

The present paper deals with the succession of fungi on the root regions of living <i>Pennisetum typhoides</i>. The presence and amounts of amino acids and sugars in root exudates (July to October) and root extracts (July to November) have been studied.

Aromatic Carboxylic Acids in Barley-Root Exudates and Their Influence on the Growth of Fusarium culmorum and Pseudomonas fluorescens

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Shaposhnikov ◽  
V. Yu. Shakhnazarova ◽  
N. A. Vishnevskaya ◽  
E. V. Borodina ◽  
O. K. Strunnikova
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Barley Root ◽  
Aromatic Carboxylic Acids

Ароматические карбоновые кислоты корневых экссудатов ячменя и их влияние на рост Fusarium culmorum и Pseudomonas fluorescens

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-300
Author(s):  
А. И. Шапошников ◽  
В. Ю. Шахназарова ◽  
Н. А. Вишневская ◽  
Е. В. Бородина ◽  
О. К. Струнникова
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum

scholarly journals Association of Human Plasma Metabolomics with Delayed Dark Adaptation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Kevin M Mendez ◽  
Janice Kim ◽  
Inês Laíns ◽  
Archana Nigalye ◽  
Raviv Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vitreoretinal Disease

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between plasma metabolite levels and dark adaptation (DA) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This was a cross-sectional study including patients with AMD (early, intermediate, and late) and control subjects older than 50 years without any vitreoretinal disease. Fasting blood samples were collected and used for metabolomic profiling with ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Patients were also tested with the AdaptDx (MacuLogix, Middletown, PA, USA) DA extended protocol (20 min). Two measures of dark adaptation were calculated and used: rod-intercept time (RIT) and area under the dark adaptation curve (AUDAC). Associations between dark adaption and metabolite levels were tested using multilevel mixed-effects linear modelling, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, race, AMD stage, and Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) formulation supplementation. We included a total of 71 subjects: 53 with AMD (13 early AMD, 31 intermediate AMD, and 9 late AMD) and 18 controls. Our results revealed that fatty acid-related lipids and amino acids related to glutamate and leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism were associated with RIT (p < 0.01). Similar results were found when AUDAC was used as the outcome. Fatty acid-related lipids and amino acids are associated with DA, thus suggesting that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction likely play a role in AMD and visual impairment in this condition.

Schistosoma mansoni: tail loss in relation to permeability changes during cercaria–schistosomulum transformation

Parasitology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Howells ◽  
S. E. Gerken ◽  
F. J. Pinto-Ramalho ◽  
U. Kawazoe ◽  
G. Gazzinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
General Body ◽  
Tail Loss ◽  
Permeability Changes ◽  
Extensive Lesion ◽  
Scanning Electron

The hind-body region of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae observed in the scanning electron microscope demonstrates various stages of contraction which may be compared with those of living larvae which are secreting the acetabular gland contents.No evidence for an extensive lesion was found in cercarial bodies which had shed their tails under experimental conditions. Experiments on the permeability of the larvae to sodium fluoride, methylene blue and amino acids demonstrated that tail loss significantly affects the permeability of the bodies although the effect is greater immediately after decaudation than at later times. Subsequent increases in permeability may be correlated with a change in the general body surface.

Transformations of Steroid Esters by Fusarium culmorum

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Świzdor ◽  
Teresa Kołek ◽  
Anna Szpineter
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Atom ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Main Metabolite ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Regioselective Hydrolysis

Keywords The course of transformations of the pharmacological steroids: testosterone propionate, 4-chlorotestosterone acetate, 17β-estradiol diacetate and their parent alcohols in Fusarium culmorum AM282 culture was compared. The results show that this microorganism is capable of regioselective hydrolysis of ester bonds. Only 4-ene-3-oxo steroid esters were hydrolyzed at C-17. 17β-Estradiol diacetate underwent regioselective hydrolysis at C-3 and as a result, estrone - the main metabolite of estradiol - was absent in the reaction mixture. The alcohols resulting from the hydrolysis underwent oxidation at C-17 and hydroxylation. The same products (6β- and 15α-hydroxy derivatives) as from testosterone were formed by transformation of testosterone propionate, but the quantitative composition of the mixtures obtained after transformations of both substrates showed differences. The 15α-hydroxy deriv­atives were obtained from the ester in considerably higher yield than from the parent alcohol. The presence of the chlorine atom at C-4 markedly reduced 17β-saponification in 4-chloro- testosterone acetate. Only 3β,15α-dihydroxy-4α-chloro-5α-androstan-17-one (the main prod­uct of transformation of 4-chlorotestosterone) was identified in the reaction mixture. 6β- Hydroxy-4-chloroandrostenedione, which was formed from 4-chlorotestosterone, was |not de­tected in the extract obtained after conversion of its ester.

Technology of production and quality assessment of direct-squeezed juice and concentrated elderberry growing in the Republic of Belarus

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Леонид Чеславович Бурак ◽  
Андрей Петрович Завалей
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Technology Of Production

Авторами статьи впервые разработана технология производства соков прямого отжима и высокой концентрации из плодов бузины садовой и дикорастущей, собранных на территории Беларуси. Сок прямого отжима получали при помощи ферментации с последующей фильтрацией. Концентрированный сок был получен из сока прямого отжима и экстрагирования выжимок. Для максимального извлечения сока после дробления при ферментативной обработке была использована температура 50 °С в течение 240 мин, количество ферментного препарата составляло 400 см/т. Были исследованы органолептические и физико-химические показатели сока прямого отжима и сока концентрированного: массовая доля сухих веществ, aктивная кислотность (рН), массовая доля пектиновых веществ, cодержание антоцианов, белка, массовая доля органических кислот. Исследованы показатели безопасности продукции, впервые определен состав аминокислот (качество и количество) в концентрированном соке бузины. Установлено, что совокупность физико-химических показателей позволяет отнести сок прямого отжима из бузины к профилактическим напиткам. В состав сока бузины высокой концентрации входят 18 аминокислот в количестве 4,84 г/100 мл. Незаменимых аминокислот выявлено 7 в количестве 1,51 г/100 мл. Также сок суммарно содержит фенолы в соотношении 42,95 мг-экв галловой кислоты/г сухого вещества и большое количество гидролизованных танинов. При этом большинство полифенольных соединений избежали разрушения в процессе концентрации. The authors of the article developed for the first time a technological process for the production of direct-squeezed juice and concentrated juice from the fruits of garden and wild elderberry growing in the Republic of Belarus. Direct-squeezed juice was obtained by fermentation followed by filtration. Concentrated juice was obtained by processing direct-squeezed juice and extracting the marc. For maximum juice extraction after crushing during enzymatic treatment, a temperature of 50 °C was used for 240 min, the dose of the enzyme preparation was 400 cm/t. Direct-squeezed juice and concentrated juice were studied by organoleptic and physicochemical parameters: mass fraction of solids, active acidity (pH), mass fraction of pectin substances, content of anthocyanins, protein, mass fraction of organic acids. The product safety indicators were studied, the qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids in concentrated elderberry juice was first determined. It has been established that by the combination of physicochemical parameters, direct squeezed juice from elderberry can be considered a preventive drink. The composition of concentrated elderberry juice includes 18 amino acids, in the amount of 4.84 g/100 ml. 7 essential amino acids were detected in the amount of 1.51 g/100 ml. The concentrated juice contained phenols in the quantity of 42.95 mEq gallic acid / gram dry matter and a large number of hydrolyzed tannins. Most polyphenolic compounds were preserved after the juice concentration.

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