Technology of production and quality assessment of direct-squeezed juice and concentrated elderberry growing in the Republic of Belarus

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Леонид Чеславович Бурак ◽  
Андрей Петрович Завалей
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Technology Of Production

Авторами статьи впервые разработана технология производства соков прямого отжима и высокой концентрации из плодов бузины садовой и дикорастущей, собранных на территории Беларуси. Сок прямого отжима получали при помощи ферментации с последующей фильтрацией. Концентрированный сок был получен из сока прямого отжима и экстрагирования выжимок. Для максимального извлечения сока после дробления при ферментативной обработке была использована температура 50 °С в течение 240 мин, количество ферментного препарата составляло 400 см/т. Были исследованы органолептические и физико-химические показатели сока прямого отжима и сока концентрированного: массовая доля сухих веществ, aктивная кислотность (рН), массовая доля пектиновых веществ, cодержание антоцианов, белка, массовая доля органических кислот. Исследованы показатели безопасности продукции, впервые определен состав аминокислот (качество и количество) в концентрированном соке бузины. Установлено, что совокупность физико-химических показателей позволяет отнести сок прямого отжима из бузины к профилактическим напиткам. В состав сока бузины высокой концентрации входят 18 аминокислот в количестве 4,84 г/100 мл. Незаменимых аминокислот выявлено 7 в количестве 1,51 г/100 мл. Также сок суммарно содержит фенолы в соотношении 42,95 мг-экв галловой кислоты/г сухого вещества и большое количество гидролизованных танинов. При этом большинство полифенольных соединений избежали разрушения в процессе концентрации. The authors of the article developed for the first time a technological process for the production of direct-squeezed juice and concentrated juice from the fruits of garden and wild elderberry growing in the Republic of Belarus. Direct-squeezed juice was obtained by fermentation followed by filtration. Concentrated juice was obtained by processing direct-squeezed juice and extracting the marc. For maximum juice extraction after crushing during enzymatic treatment, a temperature of 50 °C was used for 240 min, the dose of the enzyme preparation was 400 cm/t. Direct-squeezed juice and concentrated juice were studied by organoleptic and physicochemical parameters: mass fraction of solids, active acidity (pH), mass fraction of pectin substances, content of anthocyanins, protein, mass fraction of organic acids. The product safety indicators were studied, the qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids in concentrated elderberry juice was first determined. It has been established that by the combination of physicochemical parameters, direct squeezed juice from elderberry can be considered a preventive drink. The composition of concentrated elderberry juice includes 18 amino acids, in the amount of 4.84 g/100 ml. 7 essential amino acids were detected in the amount of 1.51 g/100 ml. The concentrated juice contained phenols in the quantity of 42.95 mEq gallic acid / gram dry matter and a large number of hydrolyzed tannins. Most polyphenolic compounds were preserved after the juice concentration.

Content of amino acids in raw materials of somespecies of ASTERACEAE family

Fitoterapia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
S.M. Marchyshyn ◽  
◽  
L.V. Slobodianiuk ◽  
R.Yu. Basaraba ◽  
N.А. Hudz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
First Time ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Keywords: amino acids; common pussytoes; yacon; stevia; golden marigolds; leaves; herb; aster family; high performance liquid chromatography. For the first time the qualitative composition was studied and the quantitative content of amino acids in the herb of common pussytoes, yacon leaves, stevia leaves, herb of golden marigolds was determined by HPLC. 17 bound and 16 free amino acids were identified in the herb of common pussytoes, in the herb of golden marigolds, yacon leaves and stevia leaves – 12 and 5, 17 and 11 and 16 and 14 amino acids, respectively. The highest content of the sum of essential and substitute amino acids is contained in the leaves of stevia; the lowest content of the sum of essential amino – in the herb of golden marigolds, the sum of essential amino acids – in the herb of common pussytoes.

scholarly journals Production and Physicochemical Characterization of Gelatin and Collagen Hydrolysates from Turbot Skin Waste Generated by Aquaculture Activities

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Jesus Valcarcel ◽  
Javier Fraguas ◽  
Carolina Hermida-Merino ◽  
Daniel Hermida-Merino ◽  
Manuel M. Piñeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Collagen Hydrolysates ◽  
First Time ◽  
By Products

Rising trends in fish filleting are increasing the amount of processing by-products, such as skins of turbot, a flatfish of high commercial value. In line with circular economy principles, we propose the valorization of turbot skins through a two-step process: initial gelatin extraction described for the first time in turbot, followed by hydrolysis of the remaining solids to produce collagen hydrolysates. We assayed several methods for gelatin extraction, finding differences in gelatin properties depending on chemical treatment and temperature. Of all methods, the application of NaOH, sulfuric, and citric acids at 22 °C results in the highest gel strength (177 g), storage and loss moduli, and gel stability. We found no relation between mechanical properties and content of pyrrolidine amino acids, but the best performing gelatin displays higher structural integrity, with less than 30% of the material below 100 kDa. Collagen hydrolysis was more efficient with papain than alcalase, leading to a greater reduction in Mw of the hydrolysates, which contain a higher proportion of essential amino acids than gelatin and show high in vitro anti-hypertensive activity. These results highlight the suitability of turbot skin by-products as a source of gelatin and the potential of collagen hydrolysates as a functional food and feed ingredient.

scholarly journals Quality of Soybean Products in Terms of Essential Amino Acids Composition

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5071
Author(s):  
Wanda Kudełka ◽  
Małgorzata Kowalska ◽  
Marzena Popis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Complete Protein

The content of protein, moisture content and essential amino acids in conventional and genetically modified soybean grain and selected soybean products (soybean pâté, soybean drink, soybean dessert, tofu) was analyzed in this paper. The following comparative analysis of these products has not yet been carried out. No differences were observed in the amino acid profiles of soybeans and soybean products. The presence of essential amino acids was confirmed except for tryptophan. Its absence, however, may be due not to its absence in the raw material, but to its decomposition as a result of the acid hydrolysis of the sample occurring during its preparation for amino acid determination. Regardless of the type of soybean grain, the content of protein, moisture content and essential amino acids was similar (statistically insignificant difference). Thus, the type of raw material did not determine these parameters. There was a significant imbalance in the quantitative composition of essential amino acids in individual soybean products. Only statistically significant variation was found in genetically modified and conventional soybean pâté. Moreover, in each soy product their amount was lower irrespective of the raw material from which they were manufactured. Therefore, the authors indicate the necessity of enriching soybean products with complete protein to increase their nutritional value.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ИНТЕРЬЕРНЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ЯКОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ АНТРОПОГЕННОГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. KUZMINA ◽  
B.M. LUDU
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Sodium Level ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Clean Area ◽  
The Republic

Установлено влияние загрязнения окружающей среды на биохимические показатели крови яков в условиях Республики Тыва. В сыворотке крови яков из загрязненной зоны отмечено пониженное содержание фосфора и витамина Е (на 9,9 и 52,6) и повышенное резервной щелочности, витамина А и натрия в 1,3 1,4 и 1,1 раза, соответственно, по сравнению с животными из условно-чистой зоны. Исследование аминокислотного состава крови показало, что в сыворотке крови яков загрязненной зоны по сравнению с животными чистой зоны наблюдается снижение количества таких незаменимых аминокислот, как треонин (в 4,8 раза), фенилаланин (в 1,3 раза), а также заменимых аминокислот глицина (в 1,9 раз), аланина (в 1,4 раза) и тирозина (в 15,0 раза). Отдельные биохимические показатели крови яков могут являться индикаторами экологической оценки биогеоценозов.The influence of environmental pollution on biochemical indicators of yak blood in the Republic of Tyva was determined. Decrease in the content of phosphorus and vitamin E (by 9.9 and 52.6) and increase in alkalinity reserve, vitamin A and sodium level in yak blood by 1.3, 1.4, and 1.1 times, correspondingly, compared to the animals from conditionally clean area was found. Study of amino acid blood content showed that blood serum of yaks from the polluted area compared to animals from the clean area demonstrated the decrease in the amount of such essential amino acids as threonine (by 4.8 times), phenylalanine (by 1.3 times), as well as non-essential amino acids glycine (by 1.9 times), alanine (by 1.4 times), and tyrosine (by 15.0 times). Separate biochemical indicators of yak blood can be used as the indicators for ecological assessment of biogeocenoses.

CHANGING THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF BUCKWHEAT GRAINS WHEN GERMINATION WITH USING ULTRASOUND-TREATED WATER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.И. ПОНОМАРЁВА ◽  
Н.Н. АЛЁХИНА ◽  
О.Б. СКВОРЦОВА
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Germination Process

Исследован способ проращивания зерна гречихи с применением ультразвуковой обработки воды для замачивания. Для замачивания зерна использовали водопроводную воду контрольный образец и водопроводную воду, обработанную ультразвуком на лабораторной установке с плотностью звуковой энергии 15 кДж/м3 и частотой 21 кГц в течение 10, 20 и 30 мин, опытные образцы. Каждый из образцов замоченных зерен выдерживали при температуре (20 2)С при варьировании времени замачивания 1,5 2 и 2,5 ч. Затем лишнюю воду удаляли и проращивание продолжали в термостате, оценивая энергию прорастания зерен гречихи через 4, 8 и 12 ч. Установлено, что ультразвуковая обработка воды для замачивания в течение 20 мин позволяет интенсифицировать процесс проращивания на 6,5 по сравнению с контрольным образцом и не влияет на изменение элементного состава зерна, повышая в пророщенном зерне гречихи по сравнению с нативным зерном этой же культуры содержание натрия на 15, магния на 44, фосфора на 19, калия на 28, кальция на 30 и массовую долю незаменимых аминокислот на 636 в зависимости от аминокислоты. Method of of buckwheat grain with the use of ultrasonic treatment of water for soaking study. Tap water was used for soaking the control sample grains, and tap water treated with ultrasound in a laboratory unit with a sound energy density of 15 kJ/m3 and a frequency of 21 kHz for 10, 20, and 30 minutes was used for experimental samples. Samples of soaked grains were kept at a temperature of (20 2)C with varying soaking times 1,5 2 and 2,5 hours. Then the excess water was removed and sprouting continued in the thermostat. The sprouting energy of buckwheat grains was estimated after 4, 8 and 12 hours. It was found that ultrasonic treatment of water for soaking for 20 minutes allows to intensify the germination process by 6,5 compared to the control sample, does not affect the change in the elemental composition of the grain, increasing in the sprouted grain of buckwheat in comparison with the native grain of the same culture the content of sodium by 15, magnesium by 44, phosphorus by 19, potassium by 28, calcium by 30 and the mass fraction of essential amino acids by 636, depending on the amino acid.

Intracellular free amino acid patterns in duodenal and colonic mucosa

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Ollenschläger ◽  
K Langer ◽  
H M Steffen ◽  
M Schrappe-Bächer ◽  
H Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract We report for the first time the concentrations of free amino acids in human intestinal biopsies obtained by routinely performed endoscopy. We studied 15 medical patients with no changes of the mucosa and six HIV-infected persons with duodenitis. The mean (and SD) sum of all amino acids, taurine excepted, was 61.9 (5.4) mmol/kg dry weight in duodenal biopsies of HIV-negative subjects (n = 11) and 82.9 (0.6) mmol/kg in colonic specimens: 50% (44%) of the total (minus taurine) consisted of aspartate and glutamate and 14% (12%), of the essential amino acids. The relative amino acid pattern in duodenum and colon differed completely from that for muscle: aspartate was fourfold higher; glutamate, phenylalanine, glycine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine were about twofold higher. In contrast, glutamine amounted only to 4% (duodenum) to 14% (colon) of muscle glutamine. In duodenal biopsies of the HIV-infected persons, we found significantly (P less than 0.01, except glutamine: P less than 0.025) increased concentrations of glutamate (24.1 vs 17 mmol/kg dry weight), ornithine (1.4 vs 0.4), valine (2.2 vs 1.7), and glutamine.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF STEVIA RAW MATERIALS OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Evgeny Evgenievich Kurdyukov ◽  
Elena Fedorovna Semenova ◽  
Ol'ga Aleksandrovna Vodopyanova ◽  
Yakov Petrovich Moiseev ◽  
Olesya Petrovna Rodina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic

Dried stevia leaves (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) were used as objects of research. We studied the leaves of stevia varieties Ramon sweetener grown in the Penza region, the leaves of stevia varieties Ramon sweetener grown in the Tver region, Krasnodar region, the Republic of Crimea, as well as imported raw stevia from India and Paraguay. The purpose of this work is a comparative study of the amino acid composition of raw stevia grown in different conditions. The amino acid composition of stevia leaves (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) was revealed by capillary electrophoresis.13 amino acids were identified, of which eight are "essential" (lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, valine, threonine). The proportion of essential amino acids in stevia raw materials ranged from 2.99 to 4.64%. The content of interchangeable acids was: tyrosine from 0.24% to 0.36%, Proline from 0.44 to 0.68%, serine from 0.77 to 1.03%, alanine from 0.48 to 0.83%, glycine from 0.40 to 0.68%. The total amount of amino acids detected is higher in the Ramon sweetener variety grown in the Penza region (9.52%) compared to other samples, the lowest amount is found in stevia grown in Paraguay (6.46%). The results obtained indicate the prospects for further studies of the amino acid composition of Stevia rebaudiana and can characterize this species as a source of valuable medicinal substances with a wide range of pharmacological activity.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of russian black pied and holstein cattle breeds of foreign breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
O.V. Gorelik ◽  
А.S. Gorelik ◽  
M.A. Tokoreva ◽  
N.I. Sorokina ◽  
G.V. Mkrtchyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Ideal

A related Holstein breed has recently been used to improve domestic dairy cattle and create highly productive herds by purchasing semen from breeding bulls, as well as a large number of heifers and calves of foreign breeding. The purpose of the work is a comparative assessment of the productive qualities of Black Pied and Holstein cows of foreign breeding. Purebred Holstein cows differ from animals of Black Pied breed in milk yield per lactation by 1064 kg or 15.2% (P≤0.01, in favor of Holstein cows). In terms of quality indicators of milk, that are the content of fat and protein in milk, the superiority remained with Black Pied cows. The difference was significant at P≤0.05 for fat content in milk and at P≤0.001 for protein content. Both groups of cows exceeded the breed standard for milk yield per lactation, mass fraction of fat and mass fraction of protein in milk. The milk of the Russian Black Pied cattle contains more essential amino acids. The milk of cows of both breeds can be considered complete, since the amount of limited amino acids in the milk of purebred Holstein cows of foreign breeding is over 95% of their content in the ideal protein.

scholarly journals ABOUT SOME PECULARITIES OF CHANGING THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE COW BREAST SECRET

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Евгений Крупин ◽  
Evgeniy Krupin ◽  
Шамиль Шакиров ◽  
Shamil' Shakirov ◽  
Мирзабек Зухрабов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Entire Duration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Studies have shown the effect on the physical and chemical parameters of beestings and milk of metabolic correctors used by animals in accordance with the scheme developed by the authors. The experiment was carried out on 30 cows of the Holstein breed contained in the agricultural factory “Plemzavod im. Lenin” of Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The content of the mass fraction of fat, the mass fraction of protein in beestings and milk was determined on “Laktan 1-4” milk quality analyzer, the content of trace elements in milk was determined on “Analist 200” atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to the manufacturer’s method. The use of vitamin-mineral premix P60-3/P in the final 15 days of the dry period in combination with metabolic correctors is accompanied by a maximum content of protein mass fraction in beestings (6.0%), and an increase in the use of this premix to the entire duration of the dry period allows increasing the mass the proportion of fat in beestings is up to 5.41%, however, these changes were not reliable. A significant decrease in the mass fraction of protein in the milk of cows of the control group (P <0.05) and a significant increase in the mass fraction of fat in animals of the third group to 4.13% (P <0.05) on the 30th day of lactation were found. On day 30 of lactation, a significant increase in the content of copper and selenium in the milk of individuals of the second (66.2% (P <0.01) and 65.2% (P <0.05), respectively) and the third (67.2% (respectively P <0.001) and 73.0% (P <0.01)) groups. On the 60th day of lactation in animals of the first group, the increase in the zinc content in milk was reliable and amounted to 6.9% (P <0.05). In cows of the second and third groups, the copper content was significantly higher than in animals of the first group by 60.3% (P <0.01) and 62.6% (P <0.01), respectively. In individuals of the third group, the selenium content was significantly higher than in animals of the first (control) group by 94.2% (P <0.01). This article was prepared as part of the state task AAAA-A18-118031390148-1.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASES OF THE USE OF DIELECTRIC SEPARATION TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF PROCESSING OF SEEDS OF SPICY-AROMATIC PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю.К. ГОРОДЕЦКИЙ ◽  
Ю.Ф. РОСЛЯКОВ ◽  
В.В. ЛИТВЯК
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Carum Carvi ◽  
Charged Amino Acids ◽  
Physico Chemical

Исследованы биологические особенности (морфология поверхности, а также качественный и количественный состав белков) семян (плодов) пряно-ароматических растений: кориандра (Coriandrum sativumL.), тмина (Carum carvi L.) и укропа (Anethum graveolens L.). Методами сканирующей электронной микроскопии установлена нерегулярная поверхность семян кориандра, тмина и укропа. На их поверхности идентифицировано большое количество бороздок, углублений, бугорков. Поверхность шероховатая и содержит много волосков. Особенно много волосков имеется на поверхности семян тмина. Определено, что в 100 г семян кориандра, тмина и укропа содержится: общего белка – 12,37; 19,77 и 15,98 г соответственно, свободных аминокислот – 1,42; 18,46 и 8,39 г соответственно. Сумма положительно заряженных незаменимых аминокислот (аргинина, гистидина и лизина) в 100 г кориандра, тмина и укропа составляет соответственно 0,149; 2,833 и 2,621 г, сумма отрицательно заряженных аминокислот (аспарагиновой и глутаминовой) – 0,71; 5,253 и 0,633 г соответственно. Результаты исследований будут способствовать совершенствованию технологии глубокой переработки растительного сырья для получения семян высокого качества с заданными свойствами путем отделения примесей органической и неорганической природы. The biological features (surface morphology, as well as the qualitative and quantitative composition of proteins) of seeds of spicy-aromatic plants: coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), cumin (Carum carvi L.) and dill (Anethum graveolens L.) were studied. The irregular surface of coriander, cumin and dill seeds was established by scanning electron microscopy. A large number of grooves, depressions, and bumps have been identified on their surface. The surface is rough and contains a lot of hairs. There are especially many hairs on the surface of cumin seeds. It was determined that 100 g of coriander, cumin and dill seeds contain: total protein – 12,37; 19,77 and 15,98 g respectively, free amino acids – 1,42; 18,46 and 8,39 g respectively. The sum of positively charged essential amino acids (arginine, histidine and lysine) in 100 g of coriander, cumin and dill is 0,149, 2,833 and 2,621 g respectively, the sum of negatively charged amino acids (aspartic and glutamic) is 0,71; 5,253 and 0,633 g respectively. The results of the research will contribute to the improvement of the technology of deep processing of plant raw materials to obtain high-quality seeds with desired properties by separating impurities of organic and inorganic nature.

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