scholarly journals Study of Androgenic Plant Families of Alloplasmic Introgression Lines (H. vulgare) –T. aestivum and the Use of Sister DH Lines in Breeding

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Lidiya Pershina ◽  
Nataliya Trubacheeva ◽  
Ekaterina Badaeva ◽  
Igor Belan ◽  
Ludmila Rosseeva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Fungal Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Dh Lines

One of the limitations in obtaining the genetic diversity of doubled haploid (DH) lines via anther culture is the development of families of regenerants, and each family represents a clone. This work examines the results of studying this phenomenon in anther culture of alloplasmic (H. vulgare)–T. aestivum and euplasmic lines with 1RS.1BL and 7DL-7Ai translocations and hybrids between them. Parameters of androgenesis such as the number of embryo-like structures, the total number of regenerants, and the number of green regenerants per 100 anthers varied depending on the genotype. In all genotypes from embryo-like structures, predominant development of families of plantlets rather than single plantlets was found. The source of family plantlets was polyembryos. About 75% of families consisted of regenerants at the same fertility level. On average, 37.74%4% of the R0 plants were fertile. The sister DH lines of three hybrid combinations were formed from seeds of R1 plants (2n = 42) with high fertility and in the presence of wheat–alien translocations. After four years of breeding trials, the sister DH lines of three families with fungal disease resistance increased yield, and some parameters of grain quality exceeding the controls were identified as promising for breeding.

scholarly journals Generation of doubled haploid lines from winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding material using in vitro anther culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Osama Zuhair Kanbar ◽  
Csaba Lantos ◽  
Paul Karumba Chege ◽  
Erzsébet Kiss ◽  
János Pauk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
Dh Lines

We investigated the anther culture (AC) efficiency of thirteen F<sub>4</sub> combinations of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The genotype dependency was assessed during the induction of the androgenic entities, i.e. embryo-like structures (ELS), regenerated-, green-, albino-, and transplanted plantlets. The number of green plantlets per 100 anthers (GP/100A) varied from 0.36 to 24.74 GP/100A with a mean of 8.31 GP/100A. Albino plantlets (AP) occurred in each combination, ranging from 0.20 to 22.80 AP/100A with an average value of 5.59 AP/100A. Between 25–87.76 doubled haploid (DH) plants per 100 acclimatised plantlets (DH/100ADP), depending on the combination, with a mean of 59.74% were recovered. We have found the highest DH production in the combinations Béres/Midas, Kalász/Tacitus, Béres/Pamier, and Premio/5009. This improves remarkably the choice of basic genetic material in subsequent crossing programmes. These observations emphasise the usability and efficiency of in vitro AC in producing a large number of DH lines for breeding and the applied researches of winter wheat. Although albinism was found in each combination, it was mitigated by the in vitro AC application.

Comparative genetic analyses of F2 plants and anther culture derived plants of maize

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bentolila ◽  
T. Hardy ◽  
C. Guitton ◽  
G. Freyssinet
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Maize Line ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

The doubled haploid (DH) lines represent a potentially powerful tool in maize genetics and breeding. The goal of this work was to test the ability of the DH lines to be used in these research areas. This was achieved by comparing the segregation and recombination of 94 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers in an F2 population and an anther culture (AC) derived population of maize (Zea mays L.). These were obtained from the cross of R6 (an elite maize line of Mo17/Oh43 group, not responsive to anther culture) with DH89.1 (a maize line very responsive to anther culture provided by Dr. M. Beckert). Despite the single factor disturbed segregations and the impossibility to discriminate between the loose and numerous spurious linkages detected with DH data, a linkage map could be constructed. The comparison of the DH linkage map with the F2 linkage map demonstrated two points. First, the markers order is conserved between the two maps. Second and most importantly, 97% of the length covered by the DH map proved to be consistent with the F2 map. These results are discussed in relation to the use of DH lines in maize breeding and gene mapping.Key words: corn, doubled haploid lines, restriction fragment length polymorphism markers, disturbed segregation, mapping.

scholarly journals Selective Loss of Diversity in Doubled-Haploid Lines from European Maize Landraces

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2497-2506
Author(s):  
Leo Zeitler ◽  
Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra ◽  
Markus G. Stetter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Individual Snps ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Loss Of Diversity ◽  
Dh Lines

Maize landraces are well adapted to their local environments and present valuable sources of genetic diversity for breeding and conservation. But the maintenance of open-pollinated landraces in ex-situ programs is challenging, as regeneration of seed can often lead to inbreeding depression and the loss of diversity due to genetic drift. Recent reports suggest that the production of doubled-haploid (DH) lines from landraces may serve as a convenient means to preserve genetic diversity in a homozygous form that is immediately useful for modern breeding. The production of doubled-haploid (DH) lines presents an extreme case of inbreeding which results in instantaneous homozygosity genome-wide. Here, we analyzed the effect of DH production on genetic diversity, using genome-wide SNP data from hundreds of individuals of five European landraces and their related DH lines. In contrast to previous findings, we observe a dramatic loss of diversity at both the haplotype level and that of individual SNPs. We identify thousands of SNPs that exhibit allele frequency differences larger than expected under models of neutral genetic drift and document losses of shared haplotypes. We find evidence consistent with selection at functional sites that are potentially involved in the diversity differences between landrace and DH populations. Although we were unable to uncover more details about the mode of selection, we conclude that landrace DH lines may be a valuable tool for the introduction of variation into maize breeding programs but come at the cost of decreased genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Grain Quality of Doubled Haploid Lines in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Produced by Anther Culture

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
M. Fazaa ◽  
A. EL Sabagh ◽  
G. Anis ◽  
I. EL-Rewainy ◽  
C. Barutçular ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Positive Correlations

<p>Genetic devlopment to imrove genotypes with high quality is the most important approach of rice. Thus, anther culture technique is one of straight forward approaches for improvement of rice cultivars with good grain quality. Therefore, this investigation aimed to develop some doubled haploid lines (DH) through anther culture technique and evaluate them along with their five parents including two check varieties for some nutritional characteristics. The results indicated that the three mineral element contents (Zn, Mn and Fe) of rice grain were clearly different among genotypes (DH), which implied that genotypic variations might provide opportunities to select for higher mineral element content. Analysis of variance revealed that the differences among genotypes were significant for all studied traits. Highly significant positive correlations were recognized among the studied characteristics. Accordingly, Rice lines with the high nutritional values will use as donors for this trait in rice breeding programs for exploitation and in hybridization. <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Androgenic response of Capsicum interspecific hybrids and capsaicinoid characteristics of DH lines

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubosława Nowaczyk ◽  
Magdalena Banach-Szott ◽  
Dorota Olszewska ◽  
Paweł Nowaczyk
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Dh Lines

Summary In the research on induced androgenesis, eight groups of plants, the progeny of interspecific hybrid of Capsicum frutescens L. x C. annuum L., were used. Half of them were standard hard-flesh forms, while the others have represented SS or Ss genotype conditioning the soft flesh of ripe fruit. Anthers from the plants of six groups produced mixoploid callus and the DNA content ranged from 1C to 16C. Three groups formed embryos which converted into plants. The total number of regenerants was 19, included both androgenic haploids (13) and diploids (6). The results did not allow to present the simple relationship between the physiological feature of soft-flesh and the effectiveness of androgenesis. Pungent, soft-flesh genotypes appeared as a poor responsive in anther culture. The R2 and R3 generation of two soft-flesh diploids, evaluated in two-year experiments, showed full phenotypic uniformity, proofing the androgenic origin of diploids. These DH lines were different with regard to capsaicinoid profiles. The content of capsaicinoids ranged from 0.056 to 2.170 and from 0.019 to 1.610 g*kg-1 for capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, respectively. The highest concentration of the compounds was observed in the placenta. Although the androgenic effectiveness was not fully satisfactory, the doubled haploid technology can be used for the rapid genetic stabilization of soft-flesh Capsicum spp. recombinants and the special attention should be paid to the spontaneous androdiploids.

scholarly journals Selective loss of diversity in doubled-haploid lines from European maize landraces

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Zeitler ◽  
Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra ◽  
Markus G Stetter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Individual Snps ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Loss Of Diversity ◽  
Dh Lines

ABSTRACTMaize landraces are well adapted to their local environments and present valuable sources of genetic diversity for breeding and conservation. But the maintenance of open-pollinated landraces in ex-situ programs is challenging, as regeneration of seed can often lead to inbreeding depression and the loss of diversity due to genetic drift. Recent reports suggest that the production of doubled-haploid (DH) lines from landraces may serve as a convenient means to preserve genetic diversity in a homozygous form that is immediately useful for modern breeding. The production of doubled-haploid (DH) lines presents an extreme case of inbreeding which results in instantaneous homozygosity genome-wide. Here, we analyzed the effect of DH production on genetic diversity, using genome-wide SNP data from hundreds of individuals of five European landraces and their related DH lines. In contrast to previous findings, we observe a dramatic loss of diversity at both the haplotype level and that of individual SNPs. We identify thousands of SNPs that exhibit allele frequency differences larger than expected under models of neutral genetic drift and document losses of shared haplotypes. We find evidence consistent with selection at functional sites that are potentially involved in the diversity differences between landrace and DH populations. Although we were unable to uncover more details about the mode of selection, we conclude that landrace DH lines may be a valuable tool for the introduction of variation into maize breeding programs but come at the cost of decreased genetic diversity and increased genetic load.

DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY AND EFFICACY OF BIO-CHEMICAL FERTILIZER ON THE SOIL, YIELD AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-468
Author(s):  
Yap Chin Ann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Area Index ◽  
K 12

The last nutrient management review of black pepper was done in 1968. There is, therefore, a need to develop new technology to improve pepper production and transfer that technology to production site. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of newly developed biochemical fertilizer on some physiological characteristics, yield and soil fertility of pepper. The treatment consisted of T1 (BS): chemical fertilizer (N:12%, P:12%, K:17%); T2 (BK1): biochemical fertilizer F1 N:15%, P:5%, K:14) and T3 (BK2): biochemical fertilizer F2 (N:13%, P:4%, K:12). The biochemical fertilizer F1 out-yielded chemical and biochemical fertilizer F2 by 75.38% and 16.45% respectively with the higher yield being associated with various phonotypical alterations, which are reported here. Significant measureable changes were observed in physiological processes and plant characteristics, such as large leaf area index, more chlorophyll content and high photosynthesis rate coupled with lower transpiration rate in biochemical fertilizer F1(BK1) treatment compared with other treatment. The high fertility level in biochemical fertilizer F1 and biochemical fertilizer F2 (BK2) reflected the important of organic material in improving soil quality. In conclusion, the achieve high growth performance and yield in pepper, chemical fertilizer alone is insufficient whilst combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer with balance nutrient content gave a significant increase in yield and growth of pepper. 

THE INTEGRATED PEAR DONORS WITH MONOGENIC DETERMINED STUNT

1970 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Е. А. Dolmatov ◽  
Т. А. Khrykina
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Fungal Disease Resistance ◽  
Sorting Process ◽  
Red Coloration

Development of low-growing varieties is one of the prioritized directions in groups selection. Solution of excessive growth in the selection can be solved in today’s conditions by two means: on a polygenic and on a monogenic level. Up until recently such work was performed by research institutes of horticulture in the U.S.S.R. and Russian Federation only on the polygenic level. The analysis is performed for the data of 17 summer studies on the development of complex donors of monogenic determined dwarfness (gene D), high winter hardiness, group fungal disease resistance (scab, leaf spot and Septoria blight) and bright red coloration of pear fruits (gene C). On the first stage of these studies the issue of the development of population of hybrid dwarf types with high adaptive potential in the conditions of the Central Black Earth region of Russia was solved based on a hybridization of the donors of high winter hardiness and fungal disease resistance with the donors of monogenic determined dwarfness which were the descendants of 4th generation of the NainVert variety. As a result, several complex donors were selected. Its use in long-term pear selection programs would make sorting process possible on earlier stages of the ontogenesis and thanks to that would make it possible to halve the size of hybrid funds. Brief description of the complex donors is given.

scholarly journals Effect of three different agronomic conditions on biochemical profile and diversity in the rhizosphere of banana plantations infected with Fusarium oxysporum Race 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Sánchez-Zúñiga ◽  
◽  
Ana Tapia-Fernández ◽  
William Eduardo Rivera-Méndez ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Agronomic Conditions

Soil microorganisms play an important role as a link in the transfer of nutrients from the rhizosphere. The physical and chemical properties of soil, the metabolic profiles of microbial communities and different crop management practices can enhance our understanding of hizospheric interactions. This study aimed to establish differences in microbial communities associated with banana crops and the biochemical profile in farms under different agronomic conditions. Seven farms with different levels of intervention, management, and fusariosis severity were analyzed. The biochemical profile of the microbial community was determined using EcoPlates and the main substrates consumed by the microbial communities were identified through multivariate principal component analysis (PCA). Seven microorganisms were selected as indicators of nutrient cycles, pathogenicity and soil health. Also, soil chemical indicators were determined through a complete mineral analysis. For the physiological profile of soil microbial populations, it was observed that farms with the same management tend to be metabolically very similar. In the PCA, two principal components explained 90 % of the variance in the data. It was also determined that the genus Bacillus is predominant in all farms and that farm 4 (medium intervention) presented the most favorable values in all factors analyzed. The effective cation exchange capacity values are highlighted in the chemical analyses, which determined that all farms have a high fertility level. The metabolic profile, diversity and richness of each of the different farms were affected by the type of agronomic management used.

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