scholarly journals Structure of the Chemical and Genetic Diversity of the True Lavender over Its Natural Range

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Yolande Despinasse ◽  
Sandrine Moja ◽  
Catherine Soler ◽  
Frédéric Jullien ◽  
Bernard Pasquier ◽  
...  

The true lavender Lavandula angustifolia Miller is a Mediterranean aromatic shrub widely cultivated for its high quality essential oil used in perfumery and phytotherapy. Despite its economic importance, the intra-specific diversity among wild, non-cultivated plants remains poorly understood. We analyzed the structure of the chemical and genetic diversity of plants from 14 sites sampled over the entire native range of the true lavender. Volatile organic compounds of inflorescences were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Genotyping was performed with fingerprinting genetic markers. To limit the influence of environmental variability on chemical composition, plants were grown in the same conditions in a common garden. Without prior knowledge, discriminant analysis of principal component identified unambiguously four distinct chemotypes among three genetic populations. Co-inertia analysis and supervised analysis which integrated multiple datasets indicated a strong congruency between chemical and genetic patterns. Two distinct genetic units were located at the edge of the distribution area in the south of Italy and in the northeast of Spain, and were associated with two distinct chemotypes. Our results confirmed the existence of three genetically distinct entities, suggesting speciation. All French populations and the Italian Piedmontese population were genetically homogeneous but separated in two distinct chemotypes. The dominant chemotype was present in the center of the native range in southeastern France and was at the origin of the current most cultivated French varieties. Its main compounds were linalyl acetate, linalool, and caryophyllene oxide. The second French chemotype was found in south of Massif Central and presented high abundance of valuable linalyl and lavandulyl acetates. Linalool, eucalyptol, β-caryophyllene, borneol, camphor, and cis-sabinene-hydrate were significantly associated with southern latitudes and their role would be worth exploring.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Migeon ◽  
Philippe Auger ◽  
Odile Fossati ◽  
Ruth A Hufbauer ◽  
Maeva Miranda ◽  
...  

The effects of drought stress on plants and phytophagous arthropods are topics currently extensively investigated in the context of climate change. Dryness not only impacts cultivated plants but also their parasites, which in some cases are favoured by drought. It represents a major challenge that agriculture is facing in a perspective of intensification of drought. Direct effects of drought on herbivorous arthropods typically produce bigger offspring and faster development but attractiveness can also occur. However, how much responses to abiotic factors differ among populations of a species remains poorly documented. The impact of drought-stressed plants on key life-history parameters is here investigated for a major agricultural pest, the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, depending on the climatic conditions of the localities at origin. Sampled localities represent a rather wide range of core climate conditions across the mite s native distribution area with contrasting climatic profiles, ranging from wet temperate to cool Atlantic localities to medium to dry hot Mediterranean localities. Plant drought stress effects on mites was estimated by measuring four life history traits: development time, fecundity, sex-ratio and emigration rate in a common garden experiment made of two modalities: well-watered and drought-stressed bean plants. Mites feeding on drought-stressed plants displayed shorter developmental time and attempted to leave leaf patches less often, and young females were more fecund. The mites originating from wet temperate to cool Atlantic localities respond more strongly to drought than mites originating from medium to dry hot Mediterranean localities, suggesting local adaptation of T. urticae populations to various aridity values and indicates that mite feeding behaviour is shaped by the climatic conditions they faced in the area of origin.


HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 534e-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Staub ◽  
Felix Sequen ◽  
Tom Horejsi ◽  
Jin Feng Chen

Genetic variation in cucumber accessions from China was assessed by examining variation at 21 polymorphic isozyme loci. Principal component analysis of allelic variation allowed for the depiction of two distinct groupings of Chinese accessions collected in 1994 and 1996 (67 accessions). Six isozyme loci (Gpi, Gr, Mdh-2, Mpi-2, Pep-gl, and Pep-la) were important in elucidating these major groups. These groupings were different from a single grouping of Chinese 146 accessions acquired before 1994. Allelic variation in Chinese accessions allowed for comparisons with other accessions in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (U.S. NPGS) collection grouped by continent and sub-continent. When Chinese accessions taken collectively were compared with an array of 853 C. sativus U.S. NPGS accessions examined previously, relationships differed between accessions grouped by country or subcontinent. Data indicate that acquisition of additional Chinese and Indian cucumber accessions would be strategically important for increasing genetic diversity in the U.S. NPGS cucumber collection.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
YPJ AMARASINGHE ◽  
G . WIJESINGHE ◽  
R W PUSHPAKUMARA

19 Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L. ) genotypes receiv ed from International Crops Research Institute for Semi Arid T ropics (ICRISA T) India w ere ev aluated in a non replicated trial and the characters w ere subjected to multiv ariate analysis to study the v ariability within the genotypes. The first 5 axes of the principal component analysis captured 78% of the total v ariability and identified yield parameters such as number of pods per plant, pod w eight per plant and growth parameters such as number of branches per plant, plant spread, and pod characteristics as the characters contributing most to total v ariation. Phenotypic correlation analysis rev ealed that the yield has positiv e correlation with the characters such as number of pods per plant and number of branches per plant. W ards clustering method has grouped the genotypes into 3 distinct clusters. The results can be applied in order to strengthen the breeding program


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Thuy T. P. Mai ◽  
Craig M. Hardner ◽  
Mobashwer M. Alam ◽  
Robert J. Henry ◽  
Bruce L. Topp

Macadamia is a recently domesticated Australian native nut crop, and a large proportion of its wild germplasm is unexploited. Aiming to explore the existing diversity, 247 wild accessions from four species and inter-specific hybrids were phenotyped. A wide range of variation was found in growth and nut traits. Broad-sense heritability of traits were moderate (0.43–0.64), which suggested that both genetic and environmental factors are equally important for the variability of the traits. Correlations among the growth traits were significantly positive (0.49–0.76). There were significant positive correlations among the nut traits except for kernel recovery. The association between kernel recovery and shell thickness was highly significant and negative. Principal component analysis of the traits separated representative species groups. Accessions from Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche, M. tetraphylla L.A.S. Johnson, and admixtures were clustered into one group and those of M. ternifolia F. Muell were separated into another group. In both M. integrifolia and M. tetraphylla groups, variation within site was greater than across sites, which suggested that the conservation strategies should concentrate on increased sampling within sites to capture wide genetic diversity. This study provides a background on the utilisation of wild germplasm as a genetic resource to be used in breeding programs and the direction for gene pool conservation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1190-1205
Author(s):  
Manuel Pedro ◽  
Miquel Riba ◽  
Santiago C. González‐Martínez ◽  
Pedro Seoane ◽  
Rocío Bautista ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Chunyan Ma ◽  
Longling Ouyang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
...  

AbstractIn order to provide valuable guidelines for the conservation of germplasm of Lateolabrax maculatus, the genetic diversity and population structure analysis were evaluated for eight geographic populations along coastal regions of China, using 11 microsatellite DNA markers. The genetic parameters obtained showed that, eight populations can be clustered into two groups, the Northern group and the Southern group, concordant with their geographical positions. The UPGMA tree constructed according to the Nei’s genetic distance along with the structure analysis and discriminant analysis of principal component also supported this result. This might be explained by the geographic separation and the divergent environmental conditions among the populations. It's worth noting that, QD (Qingdao) population from northern area was assigned to the Southern group and showed a close genetic relationship and similar genetic constitution with the southern populations. We speculated that large scales of anthropogenic transportation of wild fries from QD populations to the southern aquaculture areas in history should be the primary cause. The populations from GY (Ganyu), RD (Rudong) and BH (Binhai) had higher genetic diversity and showed limited genetic exchange with other populations, indicating better conservation of the natural resources in these regions. All populations were indicated to have experienced bottleneck events in history.


2009 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CARMEN RODRIGUEZ-GACIO ◽  
JUAN DE JESÚS ◽  
MARÍA I. ROMERO ◽  
MARÍA T. HERRERA

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