Ultrasonic Thermal-Assisted Extraction of Phosvitin from Egg Yolk and Evaluation of Its Properties

Phosvitin (Pv) is the principal phosphoprotein in chicken egg yolk and the most highly phosphorylated protein in nature. Pv is a good natural food antioxidant and emulsifier. However, the current extraction methods present disadvantages of complicated operation and are time-consuming. In this paper, Pv was extracted from the egg yolk by ultrasonic thermal-assisted extraction (UTAE). The effects of heating time, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time on the extraction of Pv were investigated by a single factor. The purity of Pv, ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P), and activity were used as evaluation indexes. An efficient extraction of Pv was achieved when the sample was heated for 15 min at 80 °C and then processed for 10 min of ultrasonic treatment with an ultrasonic power of 600 W. Under optimal conditions, the purity and activity of Pv were 80% and 98%, respectively, whereas the ratio of N/P was 3.1. The obtained Pv was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fluorescence analyses, fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (Nano LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis. The results showed there is no significant difference in the properties of Pv obtained by UTAE and Pv standard. The developed extraction approach is a simple, industrial compatible method without the use of any organic solvents.

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Increasing Yield and Antioxidative Performance of Litchi Pericarp Procyanidins in Baked Food by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Coupled with Enzymatic Treatment

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23092089 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 2089 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shuyi Li ◽

Yanjie Yang ◽

Junsheng Li ◽

Zhenzhou Zhu ◽

Jose Lorenzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Enzyme Concentration ◽

Ultrasonic Power ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Time ◽

Functional Components ◽

Litchi Pericarp

Extraction with organic solvents is a traditional method to isolate bioactive compounds, which is energy-wasting and time-consuming. Therefore, enzyme and ultrasound treatments were combined to assist the extraction of oligomeric procyanidins from litchi pericarp (LPOPC), as an innovative approach to replace conventional extraction methods. Under optimum conditions (enzyme concentration 0.12 mg/mL, ultrasonic power 300 W, ultrasonic time 80 min, and liquid/solid ratio 10 mL/g), the yield of LPOPC could be improved up to 13.5%. HPLC analysis indicated that the oligomeric procyanidins (OPC) content of LPOPC from proposed extraction was up to 89.6%, mainly including (−)-epicatechin, procyanidin A1, A2, and A-type procyanidin trimer. Moreover, LPOPC powder was added in baked food to inhibit the lipid peroxidation. It was found that 0.2% (w/w) of LPOPC could maintain the quality of cookies in the first 7 days, by decreasing the peroxide values. The procyanidin dimers and trimers in LPOPC played more important roles as antioxidants compared to monomers during storage. The results also showed that the combined extraction process can be considered as a useful and efficient method for the extraction of functional components from other plant sources.

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Extraction of Anthocyanins from Red Raspberry for Natural Food Colorants Development: Processes Optimization and In Vitro Bioactivity

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8111447 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1447

Author(s):

Rosiane Rocha ◽

José Pinela ◽

Rui M.V. Abreu ◽

Mikel Añibarro-Ortega ◽

Tânia C.S.P. Pires ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Models ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Natural Food ◽

Ultrasonic Power ◽

Red Raspberry ◽

Food Colorants ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Central Composite Designs

Heat (HAE)- and ultrasound (UAE)-assisted extraction methods were implemented to recover anthocyanins from red raspberry. Processing time, ethanol concentration, and temperature or ultrasonic power were the independent variables combined in five-level rotatable central composite designs coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) for processes optimization. The extraction yield and levels of cyanidin-3-O-sophoroside (C3S) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) were monitored by gravimetric and HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn methods, respectively, and used as response criteria. The constructed theoretical models were successfully fitted to the experimental data and used to determine the optimal extraction conditions. When maximizing all responses simultaneously, HAE originated slightly higher response values (61% extract weight and 8.7 mg anthocyanins/g extract) but needed 76 min processing at 38 °C, with 21% ethanol (v/v), while the UAE process required 16 min sonication at 466 W, using 38% ethanol (v/v). The predictive models were experimentally validated, and the purple-red extracts obtained under optimal condition showed antioxidant activity through lipid peroxidation and oxidative hemolysis inhibition, and antibacterial effects against food-related microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. These results highlight the potential of red raspberry extracts as natural food colorants with bioactive effects and could be exploited by industries interested in the production of anthocyanin-based products.

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Extraction and Quantification of Eugenol from Clove Buds Using HPLC

Current Chromatography ◽

10.2174/2213240607999200818161356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

Khadiza Fitri Shafira ◽

Abul Kalam Azad ◽

Zubair Khalid Labu ◽

Abul Bashar Mohammed Helal Uddin

Keyword(s):

Processing Time ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Past Study ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Clove Essential Oil

Background: Eugenol is the main constituent of clove essential oil. Past studies have found that clove oil has diverse uses in the pharmaceutical field due to its antioxidant, antibacterial and anesthetic properties. Objective: This work compares the performance of different extraction methods and factors and identifies the effect of the treatments on oil yields and eugenol content. Materials and Methods: Maceration, Hydro distillation, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and Soxhlet were performed. The best technique was identified according to yield and content. Further studies were conducted to examine the effects of different factors, such as solvent types (ethanol and methanol) and sample-to-solvent ratio (1:10 and 1:15). HPLC UV-Vis was utilized in the analysis of eugenol concentration. Results and Discussion: Soxhlet extraction provided the highest yield (39.98%) and eugenol content (15.83%), compared to other methods. The results observed from several Soxhlet extraction factors showed that there is no significant difference between the different factors. In the meantime, methanol 1:15 provided the greatest amount of yields (57.83%) and eugenol content (22.21%). In this regard, the higher ratio resulted in higher eugenol content. Conclusion: The results obtained are less comparable because the processing time, the working solvent, and the separation technique were carried out differently for each method. In the meantime, as there is no past study that compared the selected methods and factors, this study’s findings will contribute substantially to fill the gap in this field.

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Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides From Sojae Semen Praeparatum

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x211020622 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X2110206

Author(s):

Yongshuai Jing ◽

Ruijuan Zhang ◽

Lan Li ◽

Danshen Zhang ◽

Yu Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Deae Cellulose ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Ultrasonic Frequency ◽

Ultrasonic Power ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Time ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction parameters of Sojae Semen Praeparatum polysaccharides (SSPP-80), the optimum conditions were determined as follows: ultrasonic frequency of 100 W, ultrasonic power of 80 Hz, ultrasonic temperature of 52℃, ultrasonic time of 23 minutes, and liquid to raw material ratio of 40 mL/g. Based on these conditions, polysaccharides extraction rate was 7.72% ± 0.26%. Then, 2 novel polysaccharides (SSPP-80‐1, SSPP-80‐2) were isolated from SSPP by DEAE-cellulose 52 chromatography. The chemical compositions, physicochemical properties, and structure of SSPPs were investigated by simultaneous thermal analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FI-IR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that SSPP-80 and 2 fractions were mainly composed of mannose (Man), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), xylose (Xyl), and arabinose (Ara). In addition, the antioxidant activities were evaluated against the DPPH and hydroxyl radical in vitro, the IC50 of SSPP-80, SSPP-80‐1 and SSPP-80‐2 against DPPH free radical were 4.407, 8.267, and 5.204 mg/mL, respectively, whereas the IC50values for removing hydroxyl groups were 5.318, 3.516, and 4.016 mg/mL, respectively. It demonstrated that SSPP-80 and 2 fractions had certain antioxidant activity. Theoretical basis for use of Sojae Semen Praeparatum polysaccharides was provided by this study.

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Evaluation of effective protein extraction procedure to profile petiole of Moringa oleifera

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2020.7.2.730 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 214

Author(s):

Zetty Amirah Zulkifli ◽

Zaidah Rahmat

Keyword(s):

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Protein Extraction ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Electrophoretic Pattern ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Protein Profiling ◽

Sds Page

Moringa oleifera is widely known as multipurpose tree since all of its parts confer multiple functions. The leaf is highly favourable among consumers while the petiole is mostly wasted. There are numerous studies on the flavonoid and antioxidant property of the stem and twig. However, study on the petiole has never been done. There-upon, this study was conducted to develop protein profiling of the petiole. In this study, 6 different protein extraction methods were tested on the fresh petiole before its protein quantity and quality were checked via Bradford assay and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) respectively. The in-solution digestion was then done prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. The protein electrophoretic pattern from the SDS-PAGE proves that method 6 using Tris HCl buffer with incorporation of dithiothreitol (DTT) and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) confers the best quality of protein. It produced the highest number of visible individual bands compared to other methods. Meanwhile, 93 proteins were successfully identified via LCMS analysis where the protein, signal response and carbohydrate metabolism categories confer the highest percentage. High quality and content of the protein extracted from the petiole including the antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic protein identified suggested that consuming this part of the plant could enhance nutrients of human body.

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Variation of egg proteins between bird varieties by using SDS-PAGE

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.37940/ajvs.2019.12.1.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 68-73

Author(s):

Questan Amin ◽

Hemn Zhahir ◽

Ahmed Shaker

Keyword(s):

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽

Trypsin Inhibitor ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Egg White ◽

Yolk Proteins ◽

Egg White Proteins ◽

Sds Page

Proteins are essential constituents of all organisms; both egg white proteins and egg yolk are source of protein. The aim of this study was conducted to perform preliminary studies to analyses and compare egg white proteins and yolk proteins from different avian species (guineafowl, dwarf hens, local hen, Shami, turkey, duck, geese, partridge and quail) via or with SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ). 18 Fresh eggs of different poultry species (guineafowl, dwarf hens, local hen, Shami, turkey, duck, geese, partridge and quail) were collected from various farms in the Sulaimani province. Data on egg proteins were analyzed using Statistical Xlstate used for dendrogram construction and PCA. The main egg white proteins were Ovomicin, Ovotransferrin, Ovalbumin, Flavoprotein, α- chymotrypsinogen, and Trypsin inhibitor. The main lipoproteins were Apovitellenin VI, Apovitellenin Vb, Apovitellenin V, Apovitellenin IIIa, Apovitellenin III, Apovitellin 7, B-Livetin, Apovitellenin IIa, Apovitellenin II, and Apovitellenin I. All these lipoproteins were observed in the nine birds species. The egg white proteins and yolk lipoproteins for nine species were examined. It can be concluded the large differences were found in a mount of egg white proteins and yolk lipoproteins of the nine species of birds.

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Antivinculin antibodies in sera of patients with immune thrombocytopenia and in sera of normal subjects

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v79.1.161.161 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 161-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Y Tomiyama ◽

R Kekomaki ◽

J McFarland ◽

TJ Kunicki

Keyword(s):

Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Platelet Protein ◽

Sds Page ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract We have characterized a 120-Kd antigen that frequently reacts with serum antibodies from patients with immune thrombocytopenia or normal subjects. Immunoblots made after two-dimensional nonreduced/reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) or two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/SDS-PAGE demonstrated that this 120-Kd protein has the same molecular weight under nonreduced or reduced conditions, is not a surface protein, and has an isoelectric point (pl) of 6.4 to 6.5. From these data, one likely candidate is the intracellular platelet protein, vinculin. Monoclonal antivinculin antibody reacts with this 120-Kd protein, and purified human platelet vinculin is bound by antibodies that recognize the 120-Kd protein. Therefore, we conclude that this 120-Kd protein is identical to vinculin. Data obtained from a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrate the presence of naturally occurring antivinculin antibodies in many normal sera. However, the incidence of antivinculin antibodies in patient sera (67%; 55 of 82 sera) is significantly (P less than .01) higher than that in normal sera (40%; 32 of 80 sera), and there is a significant difference (P less than .05) between the mean levels of antivinculin antibodies in patient and normal sera. Whereas the levels of these antibodies in patient and normal sera overlap, 2 of 82 sera from patients with thrombocytopenia express unusually high levels of such antibodies. The pathologic significance of these antibodies remains to be determined.

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A comparative study of extraction techniques for maximum recovery of β-galactosidase from the yogurt bacterium Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029919001031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 123-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rabin Gyawali ◽

Ayowole Oyeniran ◽

Tahl Zimmerman ◽

Sulaiman O. Aljaloud ◽

Albert Krastanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Maximum Amount ◽

Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Protein Determination ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Mechanical Methods ◽

Mechanical Extraction

AbstractThe study reported in this research communication evaluates the chemical (solvents) and mechanical (sonication, bead-beater) extraction methods to determine the maximum recovery of β-galactosidase from L. bulgaricus spp. Among all extraction techniques, sonication-assisted extraction yielded the highest amounts of enzyme activity (between 1892–2156 Miller Units) in cell-free extract (supernatant). Interestingly, solvent extracted enzyme activities were found to be very low (between 83–153 Miller Units) in supernatant. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the total protein determination showed that mechanical methods can completely lyse the cells. Our results thus demonstrated that the mechanical extraction method of sonication is the best one for recovering the maximum amount of lactase from L. bulgaricus strains.

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Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Total Saponins from Ophiopholis mirabilis Using Response Surface Methodology

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.687 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 781-784 ◽

pp. 687-693

Author(s):

Zhi Yang Shao ◽

Jin Xia Fu ◽

Yan Xia Qi ◽

Qian Cheng Zhao ◽

Zhi Bo Li

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Water Bath ◽

Ultrasonic Power ◽

Extraction Technology ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Time ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Ultrasonic-Assisted extraction (UAE) was applied for saponins extraction from Ophiopholis mirabilis and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction technology. A first set of experiments were designed to optimize water bath temperature, ethanol concentration, the ratio of liquid to solid, ultrasonic time (min) and ultrasonic power (W) as the main variables affecting the extraction effect. A Box-Behnken design consisting of 15 experimental runs was then applied and a second-order polynomial model was used to explain the interactions between the main factors and the yield of saponins. The developed mathematical model was found to fit well with the experimental data and the optimized conditions were ultrasonic pretreatment time 30.9 min, ethanol concentration 64%, liquid /solid ratio 35:1, ultrasonic power 300W and water bath 70°C. Corresponding saponins content was 0.574%.

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Heparin Binding Proteins of Black Bengal Buck Semen and Their Correlation with Sperm Characters and Freezability

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3849 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

M Karunakaran ◽

Vivek C Gajare ◽

Ajoy Mandal ◽

Mohan Mondal ◽

S K Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seminal Plasma ◽

Binding Proteins ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Heparin Binding ◽

Sds Page ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sperm Characters

This experiment was conducted to study the electrophoretic characters of heparin binding proteins (HBP) of Black Bengal buck semen and their correlation with sperm characters and cryo-survivability. Semen ejaculates (n=20/buck) were collected from nine bucks and in vitro sperm characters were evaluated at collection, after equilibration and after freeze - thawing. HBP were isolated through heparin column and discontinuous Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to assess molecular weight. Significant difference (plessthan0.01) were observed among the bucks in sperm characters and freezability. Eight protein bands of 17 to 180 kDa in seminal plasma and 7 bands in sperm were found. 180 -136 kDa HBP of seminal plasma and 134-101 kDa HBP of sperm had showed high correlation with in vitro sperm characters. Further studies on identification of these proteins and their correlation with in vivo pregnancy are needed to find their role as marker for buck selection.

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