scholarly journals The Study of Plasticized Amorphous Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA): Chitosan with High Ion Conductivity for Energy Storage Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLC) Device Application

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Jihad M. Hadi ◽  
Elham M. A. Dannoun ◽  
Rebar T. Abdulwahid ◽  
Salah R. Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Equivalent Series Resistance ◽  
Casting Technique

In this study, plasticized films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA): chitosan (CS) based electrolyte impregnated with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) were successfully prepared using a solution-casting technique. The structural features of the electrolyte films were investigated through the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The enrichment of the amorphous phase with increasing glycerol concentration was confirmed by observing broad humps. The electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) portrays the improvement of ionic conductivity from 10−5 S/cm to 10−3 S/cm upon the addition of plasticizer. The electrolytes incorporated with 28 wt.% and 42 wt.% of glycerol were observed to be mainly ionic conductor as the ionic transference number measurement (TNM) was found to be 0.97 and 0.989, respectively. The linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) investigation indicates that the maximum conducting sample is stable up to 2 V. An electrolyte with the highest conductivity was used to make an energy storage electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) device. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) plot depicts no distinguishable peaks in the polarization curve, which means no redox reaction has occurred at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The fabricated EDLC displays the initial specific capacitance, equivalent series resistance, energy density, and power density of 35.5 F/g, 65 Ω, 4.9 Wh/kg, and 399 W/kg, respectively.

scholarly journals The Study of Structural, Impedance and Energy Storage Behavior of Plasticized PVA:MC Based Proton Conducting Polymer Blend Electrolytes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Iver Brevik ◽  
M. A. Brza ◽  
A. S. F. M. Asnawi ◽  
Elham M. A. Dannoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Equivalent Series Resistance ◽  
Ionic Transference Number ◽  
Main Charge ◽  
Electrochemical Double Layer

In this study, structural characterization, electrical properties and energy storage performance of plasticized polymer electrolytes based on polyvinyl alcohol/methylcellulose/ammonium thiocyanate (PVA/MC-NH4SCN) were carried out. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) study displayed that the plasticized electrolyte system with the uppermost value of direct current (DC) ionic conductivity was the most amorphous system. The electrolyte in the present work realized an ionic conductivity of 2.903 × 10−3 Scm−1 at room temperature. The main charge carrier in the electrolyte was found to be the ions with the ionic transference number (tion) of 0.912, compared to only 0.088 for the electronic transference number (telec). The electrochemical stability potential window of the electrolyte is 2.1 V. The specific capacitance was found to reduce from 102.88 F/g to 28.58 F/g as the scan rate increased in cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. The fabricated electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) was stable up to 200 cycles with high efficiency. The specific capacitance obtained for the EDLC by using charge–discharge analysis was 132.7 F/g at the first cycle, which is slightly higher compared to the CV plot. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) increased from 58 to 171 Ω throughout the cycles, which indicates a good electrolyte/electrode contact. Ions in the electrolyte were considered to have almost the same amount of energy during the conduction process as the energy density is approximately at 14.0 Wh/kg throughout the 200 cycles. The power density is stabilized at the range of 1444.3 to 467.6 W/kg as the EDLC completed the cycles.

scholarly journals Design of an Extended Experiment with Electrical Double Layer Capacitors: Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices in Green Chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannan Lin ◽  
Hongxia Zhao ◽  
Feng Yu ◽  
Jinfeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Electrical Double Layer Capacitors ◽  
Double Layer Capacitors

An extended undergraduate experiment involving electrochemical energy storage devices and green energy is described herein. This experiment allows for curriculum design of specific training modules in the field of green chemistry. Through the study of electrical double layer capacitors, students learned to assemble an electrical double layer capacitor and perform electrochemical measurements (cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge) to evaluate the effect of various electrolytes. In addition, students powered a diode with the electrical double layer capacitors. We use the laboratory module to successfully connect electrochemistry with green chemistry through the study of a real-world application. In addition, a green chemistry case study was introduced to the laboratory curriculum. During the experiment, students acquired fundamental experience in electrochemistry and gained analysis skills, critical thinking, and scientific literacy. The results of this work can be used as a case study on green chemical education that considers the students’ awareness of renewable and clean energy fields.

scholarly journals Structural, Impedance and Electrochemical Characteristics of Electrical Double Layer Capacitor Devices Based on Chitosan: Dextran Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
Muhamad H. Hamsan ◽  
Muaffaq M. Nofal ◽  
Wrya O. Karim ◽  
Iver Brevik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cyclic Voltammogram ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Equivalent Series Resistance ◽  
Electrical Double Layer Capacitor ◽  
Double Layer Capacitor

This report presents the preparation and characterizations of solid biopolymer blend electrolyte films of chitosan as cationic polysaccharide and anionic dextran (CS: Dextran) doped with ammonium iodide (NH4I) to be utilized as electrolyte and electrode separator in electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) devices. FTIR and XRD techniques were used to study the structural behavior of the films. From the FTIR band analysis, shifting and broadening of the bands were observed with increasing salt concentration. The XRD analysis indicates amorphousness of the blended electrolyte samples whereby the peaks underwent broadening. The analysis of the impedance spectra emphasized that incorporation of 40 wt.% of NH4I salt into polymer electrolyte exhibited a relatively high conductivity (5.16 × 10−3 S/cm). The transference number measurement (TNM) confirmed that ion (tion = 0.928) is the main charge carriers in the conduction process. The linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) revealed the extent of durability of the relatively high conducting film which was 1.8 V. The mechanism of charge storage within the fabricated EDLC has been explained to be fully capacitive behavior with no redox peaks appearance in the cyclic voltammogram (CV). From this findings, four important parameters of the EDLC; specific capacitance, equivalent series resistance, energy density and power density were calculated as 67.5 F/g, 160 ohm, 7.59 Wh/kg and 520.8 W/kg, respectively.

scholarly journals Characterization of Molecular Spacer-Functionalized Nanostructured Carbons for Electrical Energy Storage Supercapacitor Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Justin Zuczek ◽  
Matthew Bonfield ◽  
Nesreen Elathram ◽  
William R. Hixson ◽  
Terawit Kongruengkit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Accessible Surface Area ◽  
Coordination Complexes ◽  
Nanostructured Carbons

The use of molecular spacers between Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) has been shown to increase the ion-accessible surface area for use in supercapacitor materials. Maintaining porosity and electrical conductivity is important for maximizing capacitance, energy storage, and power. Two reported novel coordination complexes have shown exceptional Faradaic charge transfer and binding capabilities to prevent CNT aggregation. Dispersion stability measurements show less aggregation of HiPco Single Walled CNTs (SWCNTs) compared to other chirality and multilayered nanotubes. Cu2FcOH binds weakly to CNTs compared +2Zn2 and +2Ru2 due to Columbic electrostatic interactions, which is favorable because it does not collapse the electrical double layer as strongly as +2Zn2 or +2Ru2. Adsorption isotherms and a full characterization (1H NMR, ATR FT-IR, UV-Vis, CV) of these novel complexes are presented. Electrical characterization using CV, charge discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the supercapacitor performance of functionalized thin film electrodes are presented as a function of spacer properties and nanostructured carbon tube diameter. This study uses rigid, earth-abundant coordination complexes that bind to and intercalate between SWCNTs. These functionalized nanostructured carbons are then used to make electrodes for electrical double layer supercapacitors. A complete description of the synthesis, characterization, and processing of these materials is described.

How charge regulation and ion–surface affinity affect the differential capacitance of an electrical double layer

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (32) ◽  
pp. 18229-18238
Author(s):  
Amanda B. Quadre ◽  
Sidney J. de Carvalho ◽  
Guilherme Volpe Bossa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Electric Double Layer ◽  
Differential Capacitance ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Charge Regulation

The differential capacitance of an electrical double layer is a topic of great importance to develop more efficient and environment-friendly energy storage devices: electric double layer supercapacitors.

scholarly journals Fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol based fast dissolving oral strips of sumatriptan succinate and metoclopramide HCL

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 003685042096430
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaman ◽  
Rabia Hassan ◽  
Sobia Razzaq ◽  
Asif Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Wahab Amjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Solvent Casting ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Sumatriptan Succinate ◽  
Dissolution Studies

Migraine is a throbbing condition, usually associated with nausea and vomiting and requires concurrent administration of anti-migraine along with anti-emetic therapy. The current study was undertaken with an aim to fabricate fast dissolving oral strips (FDOSs) containing Sumatriptan succinate (anti-migraine) and Metoclopramide HCl (anti-emetic) in combination without involving any superdisintegrant. Hydrophilic polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used alone with three concentrations of 100, 125, and 150 mg using variable concentrations of glycerol. The solvent casting technique was employed to formulate FDOSs and were evaluated for surface morphology, mechanical properties, surface pH, % moisture content, disintegration time (DT), total dissolving time (TDT), drug contents, and dissolution profile. PVA (150 mg) with 5% glycerol concentration gave best formulation results. FDOSs have exhibited good tensile strength with smooth and uniform surface morphology. DT was ranged from 7.7 to 28 s; while TDT was from 26.4 to 77.6 s. Both polymer and plasticizer concentrations were found to be influencing the characteristics of the strips. Dissolution studies were carried out in distilled water for 15 min and all the formulations have shown released more than 50% drug within first 2 min thereby highlighting the usefulness of FDOSs for the delivery of both drugs in combination significantly. Optimized combination of ingredients was found to be suitable for the formulation of FDOSs for simultaneous delivery of Metoclopramide HCl and Sumatriptan succinate.

STUDY OF NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES WITH APPLICATIONS IN THE ENHANCED DETECTION OF CADIOVASCULAR BIOMARKER PROTEINS

Nano LIFE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 01 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISHNA VATTIPALLI ◽  
PAIGE FEIKERT ◽  
SAVINDRA BRANDIGAMPALA ◽  
SHALINI PRASAD
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Nanoporous Membranes ◽  
Alumina Membrane ◽  
Test Protein

The goal of this work is to understand the role of nanoconfinement in designing molecular biosensors. We have been investigating microdevices incorporated with nanoporous membranes as molecular biosensor platforms. Detection of ultra low concentration of biomolecules is the key expectation from the new class of molecular biosensors utilizing nanomaterial. In this paper we have evaluated the role of the physical attributes of nanoporous aluminum oxide membranes in nanoconfinement and enhancing sensitivity of detection of protein biomolecules. In this biosensor configuration we have generated a sandwich assay in a high density array of nanoscale confined spaces generated by overlaying the nanoporous alumina membrane over metallic microscale sensing sites. The binding of the biomolecules results in the perturbation of the electrical double layer due to the binding of the test protein (C-reactive protein). Using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the capacitance changes in the electrical double layer associated with specific protein binding has been evaluated. The sensor performance metrics of sensitivity and dynamic range have been analyzed with changes in the pore diameter.

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