scholarly journals Cooperative Effects of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Sepiolite When Combined on Ionic Liquid Plasticised Chitosan Materials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Pei Chen ◽  
Fengwei Xie ◽  
Fengzai Tang ◽  
Tony McNally
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Cooperative Effects ◽  
Chitosan Matrix ◽  
Reduced Surface

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and/or sepiolite (SPT) were thermomechanically mixed with un-plasticised chitosan and chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) blends plasticised with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]). Examination of the morphology of these materials indicates that SPT aggregates were reduced when CNCs or [C2mim][OAc] were present. Inclusion of CNCs and/or SPT had a greater effect on material properties when the matrices were un-plasticised. Addition of SPT or CNCs altered the crystalline structure of the un-plasticised chitosan matrix. Moreover, a combination of SPT and CNCs was more effective at suppressing re-crystallisation. Nonetheless, the mechanical properties and surface hydrophobicity were more related to CNC/SPT–biopolymer interactions. The un-plasticised bionanocomposites generally showed increased relaxation temperatures, enhanced tensile strength, and reduced surface wettability. For the [C2mim][OAc] plasticised matrices, the ionic liquid (IL) dominates the interactions with the biopolymers such that the effect of the nanofillers is diminished. However, for the [C2mim][OAc] plasticised chitosan/CMC matrix, CNCs and SPT acted synergistically suppressing re-crystallisation but resulting in increased tensile strength.

scholarly journals Ionic liquid-plasticised composites of chitosan and hybrid 1D and 2D nanofillers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Chen ◽  
Fengwei Xie ◽  
Fengzai Tang ◽  
Tony McNally
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Chitosan Matrix ◽  
Chain Mobility ◽  
Hybrid Fillers ◽  
Composite Properties

AbstractThe focus of this research was to study the effect of combining nanofillers with different geometry and surface chemistry on the structure and properties of biopolymers as an alternative to traditional plastics. How the inclusion of 2D graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO) combined with 1D sepiolite (SPT) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) affect the structure and properties of chitosan and chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) materials was investigated. A 3D interconnected microstructure formed, composed of GO and SPT due to the strong interactions between these hydrophilic nanofillers. The chitosan/CMC/GO/SPT composite had the highest tensile strength (77.5 ± 1.2 MPa) and Young’s modulus (1925.9 ± 120.7 MPa). For the un-plasticised matrices, hydrophobic rGO nanosheets generally hindered the interaction of SPT or CNCs with the polysaccharides (chitosan and CMC) and consequently, composite properties were mainly determined by the rGO. However, for the chitosan matrix plasticised by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]), rGO + CNCs or rGO + SPT disrupted polymer chain interactions more effectively than the nanofillers when added alone and resulted in the chitosan being more plasticised, as shown by increased chain mobility, ductility, and surface hydrophilicity. For the [C2mim][OAc]-plasticised chitosan/CMC matrix, the advantages of including hybrid fillers, rGO + CNCs or rGO + SPT, were also obtained, resulting in higher thermal stability and surface hydrophobicity. Graphical Abstract

Improvement of the Ductility of Press-Hardened Plane Sheets through a Modified Heat Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Konrad ◽  
Peter Feuser
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Press Hardening

Tailored press-hardening processes are used to reduce both production costs and component weight. The aim of these development methods is to generate regions zones in the component with both high and low tensile strengths. The B-pillar, for instance, needs high tensile strength in the region of the roof frame to prevent deformation. However, the connection to the body should have lower tensile strength to absorb the energy of a crash.Regarding the production process for tailored welded blanks, the tailored press-hardening processes for monolithic sheets need no joining operation. As an addition to recent publications, this paper presents a modified tailored press-hardening process, with a modified time-temperature process. Starting from the required tailored material properties of the part, with a sheet thickness of 1.5 mm, research has been done on the process window and process design.This contribution concentrates on modifications to the time-temperature profile. After heating the hot-dip galvanized, heat-treatable 22MnB5 steel above its austenitic temperature, the aim is to adjust the material’s mechanical properties within the cooling process.Based on the continuous TTT diagram, the cooling rate has an impact on the material’s mechanical material properties. Different proportions of constituents such as Bainite, Ferrite or Perlite are created by varying the cooling rate. Furthermore, during an intermediate stage in the cooling-down period, the holding temperature has an even stronger effect on the material’s microstructural composition and the corresponding mechanical properties. The rate of the transformation process changes, depending on the intermediate temperature. The third parameter investigated is the holding time at this intermediate temperature. As the holding time is increased a transformation, progressing from austenite to other constituents, can be observed.The results of this parametric study could be transferred to a prototype environment.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Edible Films

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safaa A. Laith ◽  
Alaa G. Al-Hashimi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Cellulose Film ◽  
Cellulose Films ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Elongation Percentage

This study was conducted to extract cellulose and synthesis  carboxymethyl cellulose from flour bran. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) was used to confirm the existent of the carboxymethyl group. The sample edible films were  prepared using 1, 2, 3, and 4 % CMC, and two types of plasticizers glycerol and  sorbitol, (20, 40 and 60) %. Their qualitative, mechanical, reservation and thermal characteristics were studied. Tensile strength ranged 28-51.3 MPa and elongation percentage ranged between 65.5-91.0 %. The thickness of simple cellulose films were 0.018-0.078 mm. The values of solubility (19.05-36.31%) and the permeability values  of simple cellulose film increased with the increasing of the plasticized ratio.  The highest permeability was 11.99 g.mm/m2.h.kp at 60% glycerol and thermogravimetric analysis for some simple cellulose film plasticized by glycerol were 135, 146.29, 125 and123.23° C.

Effect of Estrogen on the Mechanical Properties of Prepubertal Rabbit ACL

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Cowden ◽  
Naveen Chandrashekar ◽  
Javad Hashemi ◽  
Vaughan H. Lee ◽  
Daniel M. Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Recent research suggests that estradiol affects the material properties of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL). Here we experimentally determine the cross-sectional area and tensile properties of ACLs from the groups of prepubertal rabbits: untreated control (C), estrogen treated (E) and estrogen and epidermal growth factor treated (E+EGF). Estradiol decreased the ultimate tensile strength and toughness of the ACL. Addition of EGF decreased the modulus of elasticity.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies on the Mechanical Properties of Loess Stabilized with Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwang Ma ◽  
Qi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Split Tensile Strength

This research investigated the use of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a reinforcement to improve mechanical properties of loess soil found in northwestern China. The mechanical properties of loess were determined by unconfined compressive strength and split tensile strength tests. Three different contents of CMC were adopted: 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%. The results showed that utilizing CMC reduced the maximum dry density of the loess. The compressive strength, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus are enough to construct low-rise buildings when the CMC content exceeds 1.0%, based on existing standards. This research thus provides a prospective sustainability method for loess stabilization.

Mechanical Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Oleic Acid Solid Biopolymer Electrolyte

2018 ◽  
Vol 929 ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Chai ◽  
M.M. Chai ◽  
M.I.N. Isa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Universal Material Testing Machine

In this paper, the mechanical properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-oleic acid (CMC-OA) solid bio-polymer electrolyte (SBE) were examined. The host, CMC was doped with different weight percentage (wt. %) of OA in the CMC-OA solution. The SBEs were tested by using the Universal Material Testing Machine where the readings of tensile strength and Young’s modulus can be obtained from the stress-strain curve produced by the software during the tension test. The sample of CMC doped with 20% wt. of OA was found to obtain the highest value of tensile strength and Young’s modulus which is 0.2069 MPa and 4.615 MPa respectively.

Influence of Recycled Irradiated HDPE on Mechanical Behavior of LDPE/Hdpex Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Navratil ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Martin Bednarik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Nominal Strain

This research paper deals with utilization of recycled irradiated high-density polyethylene (HDPEx). Grit prepared of irradiated HDPEx was used as a filler into virgin low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Concentrations from 10 to 60 % were made and their influence on mechanical properties was investigated. Tensile test at ambient and elevated temperature was used to describe mechanical properties of resulting blends. Results show that there is an upward trend of elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength and downward trend of nominal strain at ambient temperature. Similar findings were observed at elevated temperature, which might suggest possible utilization of such modified thermoplastic materials. However other material properties have to be tested to make final conclusion.

The Mechanical and Aging Properties of the Natural Rubber/Polyvinyl Alcohol (NR/PVA) Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Chen ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Latex Compounding

The natural rubber/polyvinyl alcohol (NR/PVA) blends containing epoxid natural rubber as the compatilizer were prepared using latex compounding techniques. The mechanical and thermal oxidation aging properties were studied. Mechanical test showed that the tear strength and hardness of the NR were significantly improved due to adding of the PVA. The tensile strength decreased significantly along with the PVA increasing. Thermal oxidation aging test had obviously impact on the mechanical properties of the material. The performance retention of the material properties was taken effect significantly on the aging test.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Effect of Plasma Cutting on the Tensile Strength of Materials "Fe"

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
I Wayan Suma Wibawa ◽  
◽  
I Ketut Suherman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Plasma Cutting ◽  
Ionization Reaction ◽  
Very High

The cutting process in plasma cutting begins with the formation of a pilot arc between the electrode and the workpiece as a result of the electrical ionization reaction of the highly conductive cutting gas. The gas is heated by the pilot arc until its temperature rises very high then the gas will be ionized and become a conductor of electricity. When the gas stream leaves the nozzle, the gas expands rapidly carrying the molten metal so that the cutting process continues. This plasma temperature can reach 33,000°C, approximately 10 times the temperature produced by the reaction of oxygen and acetylene. If this is related to the mechanical properties of the material, where the material has been heated it will result in changes in the mechanical properties of the material in the heating area/around the cutting plane. Tensile testing is the most widely used type of test because it is able to provide representative information on the mechanical behavior of the material. Seeing an incident like this, it is necessary to test the Effect of Plasma Cutting on the Tensile Strength of 'Fe' Materials through a tensile test. Several studies have shown that torch height, amperage and cutting speed can affect material properties. The best tool parameter settings are obtained at a travel speed of 500 mm/min, 75 amperes and a torch-material distance of 3 mm so that these settings are used as a reference in this study. In analyzing the data, the authors compare the results of plasma cutting testing with conventional cutting, in order to know the changes in mechanical properties that occur.

scholarly journals Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Aluminium 6061 based Metal Matrix Composite with Addition of Granite Particulate

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 296-298
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Vortex Method ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
Al6061 Alloy ◽  
Novel Applications

Aluminium is considered as one of the material of future. Aluminium based metal matrix comes with a fascinating set of material properties which combines strength with less weight. Due to this these Al-base metal matrix finds their application in aerospace and automotive sector. Many types of reinforcements are done with Aluminium since last many years to check the improvement in its performance. Therefore many reinforcements are found suitable to form the composite which finds variety of novel applications. In this present investigation MMCs are fabricated with Al 6061 alloy and reinforced with granite particulate of 2-3 microns size in different compositions are used to see their effect on the mechanical properties of Al6061 alloy. The vortex method of stir casting is used to from the metal matrix wherein reinforcements are forced into the vortex created by the molten metal by means of mechanical stirrer. The castings prepared by above method are machined with turning operation on lathe. Improvement in Ultimate tensile strength, Yield strength, % Elongation and Hardness are found with increasing the percentage of granite particulates..

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