scholarly journals Vegetable Oil-Based Thiol-Ene/Thiol-Epoxy Resins for Laser Direct Writing 3D Micro-/Nano-Lithography

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Sigita Grauzeliene ◽  
Aukse Navaruckiene ◽  
Edvinas Skliutas ◽  
Mangirdas Malinauskas ◽  
Angels Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Thermal Polymerization ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Thermal Curing ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Dual Curing ◽  
Epoxidized Linseed Oil

The use of renewable sources for optical 3D printing instead of petroleum-based materials is increasingly growing. Combinations of photo- and thermal polymerization in dual curing processes can enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of the synthesized thermosets. Consequently, thiol-ene/thiol-epoxy polymers were obtained by combining UV and thermal curing of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and epoxidized linseed oil with thiols, benzene-1,3-dithiol and pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate). Thiol-epoxy reaction was studied by calorimetry. The changes of rheological properties were examined during UV, thermal and dual curing to select the most suitable formulations for laser direct writing (LDW). The obtained polymers were characterized by dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, and mechanical testing. The selected dual curable mixture was tested in LDW 3D lithography for validating its potential in optical micro- and nano-additive manufacturing. The obtained results demonstrated the suitability of epoxidized linseed oil as a biobased alternative to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether in thiol-epoxy thermal curing reactions. Dual cured thermosets showed higher rigidity, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus values compared with UV-cured thiol-ene polymers and the highest thermal stability from all prepared polymers. LDW results proved their suitability for high resolution 3D printing—individual features reaching an unprecedented 100 nm for plant-based materials. Finally, the biobased resin was tested for thermal post-treatment and 50% feature downscaling was achieved.

scholarly journals Epoxy Based Blends for Additive Manufacturing by Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Printing: The Effect of Blending and Dual Curing on Daylight Curable Resins

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Tosto ◽  
Eugenio Pergolizzi ◽  
Ignazio Blanco ◽  
Antonella Patti ◽  
Paul Holt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Cure Cycle ◽  
A Value ◽  
Dual Curing ◽  
Curing Cycle

Epoxy-based blends printable in a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) printer were studied. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) mixed with Diethyltoluene diamine (DETDA) was used due to the easy processing in liquid form at room temperature and slower reactivity until heated over 150 ° C. The DGEBA/DETDA resin was mixed with a commercial daylight photocurable resin used for LCD screen 3D printing. Calorimetric, dynamic mechanical and rheology testing were carried out on the resulting blends. The daylight resins showed to be thermally curable. Resin’s processability in the LCD printer was evaluated for all the blends by rheology and by 3D printing trials. The best printing conditions were determined by a speed cure test. The use of a thermal post-curing cycle after the standard photocuring in the LCD printer enhanced the glass transition temperature T g of the daylight resin from 45 to 137 ° C when post-curing temperatures up to 180 ° C were used. The T g reached a value of 174 ° C mixing 50 wt% of DGEBA/DETDA resin with the photocurable resin when high temperature cure cycle was used.

Laser Direct Writing of Optical Interconnects in Polyimides and Sio2:TiO2 Coatings

1989 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Hewak ◽  
H. Jerominek
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Interconnects ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Transmission Spectra ◽  
Thermal Curing ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Ion Laser

ABSTRACTCommercially available polyimides and SiO2:TiO2 coatings are experimentally studied for their potential application in optical guided-wave interconnect networks. Optical properties are measured, including transmission spectra, refractive index and loss, with the aim of determining the materials most suited for this application. On the most promising candidates, direct writing of strip waveguides with Ar-ion laser at 514.5 and 457.9 nm was performed. Localized thermal curing by writing with speeds up to 250 microns per second allows the achievement of multimode guiding structures. Light propagation loss measurements reveal that attenuation in strip waveguides is of the same order as in slab structures of the same material, typically 5-10 dB/cm at 633 nm.

scholarly journals Ethoxylated Butoxyethanol-BADGE Adducts—New Potential Migrants from Epoxy Resin Can Coating Material

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3682
Author(s):  
Monika Beszterda ◽  
Małgorzata Kasperkowiak ◽  
Magdalena Frańska ◽  
Sandra Jęziołowska ◽  
Rafał Frański
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Oxyethylene Unit ◽  
Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Product Ions

The acetonitrile extracts of can-coating materials have been analyzed by using high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). On the basis of detected ions [M + H]+, [M + NH4]+, [M + Na]+ and product ions, the ethoxylated butoxyethanol-bisphenol A diglycidyl ether adducts were identified in two of the analyzed extracts. Although the oxyethylene unit-containing compounds are widely used for the production of different kinds of materials, the ethoxylated species have not been earlier detected in epoxy resin can-coatings.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a panel of spermatological methods for assessing reprotoxic compounds in multilayer semen plastic bags

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schulze ◽  
F. Schröter ◽  
M. Jung ◽  
U. Jakop
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Semen Preservation ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

AbstractThe increase of fertility performance in sows is one of the biggest achievements in pig production over the last 30 years. Nevertheless, pig farms using artificial insemination (AI) repeatedly experienced in recent year’s fertility problems with dramatic consequences due to toxic compounds from plastic semen bags. In particular, bisphenol A diglycidyl-ether (BADGE) present in multilayer plastic bags can leach into the semen and could affect the functionality of the spermatozoa. Former studies could not find any alterations in spermatozoa based on the exposure to BADGE. The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of BADGE on boar spermatozoa using an extended panel of spermatological methods. In spring 2019, a large drop in farrowing rates from 92.6 ± 2.3% to 63.7 ± 11.1% in four sow farms in Croatia was detected. In migration studies, BADGE could be identified as a causal toxic compound and leached into the extended semen in concentration of 0.37 ± 0.05 mg/L. Detailed spermatological studies showed that significant predictors for effects on spermatozoa were different levels of motility and kinematic data after a prolonged storage time, thermo-resistance test (prolonged incubation time), mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity and fluidity. No serious effects were observed for sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation. These results provide new insights into the development of a new quality assurance concept for a detailed spermatological examination during testing of plastic materials for boar semen preservation. It could be shown that boar spermatozoa are an excellent biosensor to detect potential toxicity and fertility-relevant compounds.

Wavelength tunable fiber Bragg gratings fabricated by stress annealing assisted femtosecond laser direct writing

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 102427
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Zikun Chang ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
Xinran Dong ◽  
Youwang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Fiber Bragg Gratings ◽  
Bragg Gratings ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Wavelength Tunable
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