scholarly journals Use of Extended Cover Factor Theory in UV Protection of Woven Fabric

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1188
Author(s):  
Klara Kostajnšek ◽  
Krste Dimitrovski
Keyword(s):  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Cover Factor ◽  
Coefficient Of Reflection ◽  
Uv Protective Properties

The paper presents an extension of existed cover factor theory more suitable for the evaluation of light penetration through a net woven fabrics structure. It also introduces a new simplified model of predicting the ultraviolet (UV) protective properties of woven fabrics assuming that the coefficient of reflection (KR), transmission (KT), and absorption (KA) of constitutive yarns are known. Since usually they are not, the procedure of preparation of simulation of proper woven fabric samples without interlacing and with known constructional parameters is also presented. The procedure finishes with a fast and cheap detection of missed coefficient for any type of yarns. There are differences between theoretical and measured results, which are not particularly significant in regard to the purpose and demands of investigation.

scholarly journals A New Simplified Model for Predicting the UV-Protective Properties of Monofilament PET Fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
Klara Kostajnšek ◽  
Raša Urbas ◽  
Krste Dimitrovski
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Cover Factor ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Uv Protective Properties ◽  
Transmission And Absorption

Abstract Knowing the reflection, transmission, and absorption properties of the yarns from which the woven fabric is made, prediction of a fabric’s UV-protective properties is simple. Using the geometrical properties of monofilament yarns and fabrics, which were determined optically, and following the cover factor theory, we have determined the areas of fabrics covered with no yarns, only one yarn, and two yarns. From a special selected set of high-module polyethylene terephthalate (PET) monofilament materials (e.g., fabrics), we have elaborated a method for determining the reflection, transmission, and absorption of yarns. By first defining the differently covered areas of fabrics, we were able to use them in a mathematical model for calculating and predicting the UV-protective properties of the fabrics. The calculated and measured values of the UV-protective properties of the selected test fabrics were highly correlated, with a correlation coefficient >0.98.

Impact of structure and yarn colour on UV properties and air permeability of multilayer cotton woven fabrics

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (18) ◽  
pp. 1916-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raša Urbas ◽  
Klara Kostanjšek ◽  
Krste Dimitrovski
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uv Protective Properties ◽  
Fabric Structures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The aim of our work was to establish whether very good to excellent UV (ultraviolet) protective properties of fabrics can be obtained through a suitable fabric construction and yarn colour, at the same time ensuring suitable air permeability.  For this purpose, six different fabric structures divided into three groups were employed. The samples were made in blue and red combinations of weft with different sequences and proportions between the upper and lower weave threads. A comparison of different fabric structures and colours was attempted to enable the assessment of the impact of the mentioned parameters on both, UV protective properties and air permeability of fabrics.  The analysis comprised the investigation of physical and permeability properties, as well as the colour measurements on twelve different cotton fabrics.  The research indicated excellent UV protection (>60) in all samples. UV protection depended on their construction and in a sufficiently closed structure, also on the colour of the used yarn. There was no significant difference between the samples in blue and red. In addition to excellent UV protection, four samples (one double-weft and three double fabrics) also demonstrated very high air permeability, which was 3–5 times higher than in the one-layer sample, which demonstrated the best UV protective properties.  The research has shown that fabrics with a very high ultraviolet protective factor value and good air permeability can be made by using a suitable construction and yarn colours that sufficiently absorb UV light; the latter being particularly important for light summer cotton clothes.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and UV protective properties of polyamide fabric impregnated with TiO2/Ag nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Milosevic ◽  
Ana Krkobabic ◽  
Marija Radoicic ◽  
Zoran Saponjic ◽  
Vesna Lazic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Polyamide Fabric ◽  
Uv Protective Properties

The possibility of in situ photoreduction of Ag+ ions using colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles deposited on the surface of polyamide fabric in the presence of amino acid alanine and methyl alcohol is discussed. The presence of TiO2/Ag nanoparticles on the polyamide fabric was confirmed by FESEM and ICP analyses. Antibacterial activity of the fabric was tested against Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Fabricated TiO2/Ag nanoparticles on the surface of polyamide fabric provided maximum bacterial reduction and thus, excellent antibacterial activity. In spite of silver leaching from the fabric during washing, impregnated polyamide fabric preserved maximum reduction of Escherichia coli colonies. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus slightly decreased after ten washing cycles, but still antibacterial activity can be considered as satisfactory. In addition, the presence of TiO2/Ag nanoparticles ensured better UV protection efficiency which belongs to very good UV protection category.

Towards superhydrophobic and ultraviolet protective nylon fabrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangesh Teli ◽  
Bhagyashri N. Annaldewar
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Sodium Stearate ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nylon Fabric ◽  
Uv Protective Properties

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare coloured superhydrophobic and ultraviolet (UV) protective nylon fabrics using nanosilica copper oxide coating. Design/methodology/approach In this study, brown coloured superhydrophobic nylon fabric exhibiting UV protective properties was prepared by step-wise deposition of silica nanoparticles, copper oxide and sodium stearate. The hydrophobicity of treated fabrics was characterised by water contact angle measurement and UV protection properties of fabric were assessed by Australian/New Zealand Standard. Also, a colouring effect of treatment on nylon fabric was measured using spectrophotometer. Findings The modified fabric not only exhibited superhydrophobicity with the water contact angle of 150.6°, but also rendered excellent protection against UV radiation. The fabric showed retention of hydrophobic and UV protection properties up to 20 washing cycles. Originality/value A novel method for imparting superhydrophobicity and UV protective properties along with colouration effect on nylon fabrics has been reported. This type of fabric has potential application in the field of protective clothing.

scholarly journals Effect of yarn structure on cover factor in woven fabrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMAD ZUHAIB ◽  
ELDEEB MOAZ ◽  
IQBAL SHOAI ◽  
MAZARI ADNAN AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Packing Density ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Cover Factor ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Yarn Diameter ◽  
Yarn Structure ◽  
Rotor Yarn

This experimental work investigates the effect of yarn structure on cover factor of fabrics at different weft settings by the light transmission method. To analyze the effect, two different types of fabric set have been prepared by using airjet and rotor yarns of the same linear densities in the weft direction and keeping the warp yarn unchanged. For each fabric, weft setting has been changed gradually. Cross-sectional diameter of yarn and its packing density has been analyzed to find out the differences between both yarn structures. The effective yarn diameter and packing density have been found to be almost same for both yarns while the hairiness is found to be higher in airjet yarn as compared to rotor yarn. Yarn cross-section in the fabric has also been analyzed to examine the deformation (flatness) in yarn, which was relatively higher in airjet yarns. At the same weft setting the cover factor (CF) of fabric woven by air jet yarn is found to be higher than fabric woven by rotor jet yarn, and this difference decreases as the weft setting increases in fabric. Correlation analysis results show the relation between the cover factor and weft setting. While analysis of variance results show statistically significant effect of spinning system (airjet and rotor yarn) and weft setting on the cover factor of woven fabric.

scholarly journals An Added Benefit of Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Ultraviolet Protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 120347542110344
Author(s):  
Valerie C. Doyon ◽  
Touraj Khosravi-Hafshejani ◽  
Vincent Richer
Keyword(s):  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Type Construction ◽  
Ultraviolet Protection ◽  
Uv Protective Properties

The widespread use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic presents a new avenue for protecting the lower half of the face from the harms of sun exposure. The increased social acceptability of masks, which may persist post-pandemic, has the potential to impact prevention of photosensitive disorders, photoaging, and skin cancer. The authors sought to review clinically relevant information on the ultraviolet (UV) shielding properties of masks. This synthesis of current research will help physicians counsel patients on optimal mask choices, from both dermatological and public health viewpoints. The variables impacting the UV protection of masks were reviewed, including fabric type, construction, porosity, and color. Other factors related to wear and use such as moisture, stretch, laundering, and sanitization are discussed in the context of the pandemic. Black, tightly woven, triple-layered polyester cloth masks were determined to be optimal for UV protection. The most protective choice against both SARS-CoV-2 and UV radiation is a medical mask worn underneath the aforementioned cloth mask. In order to preserve the filtration capacity of the fabric, masks should be changed once they have become moist. Washing cotton masks before first use in laundry detergents containing brightening agents increases their UV protection. Overall, cloth masks for the public that are safest against SARS-CoV-2 are generally also the most protective against UV damage. People should be encouraged to procure a high-quality mask to simultaneously help reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and shield against sun exposure. Further investigation is needed on the UV-protective properties of medical masks.

A simulation model of electrical resistance applied in designing conductive woven fabrics – Part II: fast estimated model

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1308-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanfang Zhao ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Previous Model ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Cover Factor ◽  
New Model

Limited researches have been proposed regarding the theoretical model of conductive woven fabric. In a previous study, one type of simulation model was derived to compute the resistance of conductive woven fabric. This paper proposed another fast estimated method to obtain the electrical resistance of conductive thermal woven fabrics (CTWFs) based on the previous model but design oriented. This new model has a similar predicted effect, for which the maximum deviation is less than 1.2% compared to the previous one. The cover factor was a major factor in this model, which assists designers to comprehend and manage the method rapidly. The results revealed that the proposed fast estimated model was well fitted ( P-value < 0.05) and could well simulate the electrical resistance of CTWFs within a certain error variation. According to this model, designers can independently estimate the electrical resistance and design customized products of CTWFs, which will be produced effectively by reducing extra waste of energy and cost.

scholarly journals Water Repellency/Proof/Vapor Permeability Characteristics of Coated and Laminated Breathable Fabrics for Outdoor Clothing

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Hyun-Ah Kim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Cover Factor ◽  
Permeability Characteristics

This study examined the water repellency (WR), waterproof, and water vapor permeability (WVP) characteristics of twelve types of laminated and coated woven fabrics for outdoor clothing. These characteristics were compared with the fabric structural parameters, such as cover factor, thickness, and weight, and surface modification (finishing) factors, such as coating, laminating, and Teflon treatments. In addition, an eco-friendly process for surface modification was proposed followed by a summary. Superior waterproof-breathable characteristics with 100% water-repellency were achieved in specimen 3 in group A by treatment with a hydrophilic laminated finish using nylon woven fabric with a cover factor between 0.7 and 0.9 in a 2.5-layered fabric, which was the best specimen with waterproof-breathable characteristics. A high WVP in the coated and laminated fabrics was observed in the fabrics with a low weave density coefficient (WDC) and low thickness per unit weight of the fabric, whereas superior water repellency and waterproof characteristics were observed in the high-cover-factor (WDC) fabric with appropriate fabric thickness. The determination coefficient (R2) from regression analysis between the WVP and fabric structural parameters indicated a higher contribution of the fabric structural parameters than surface modification factors, such as coating and laminating to the WVP in the coated and laminated fabrics. Furthermore, the cover factor was the most important factor influencing the WVP of the waterproof-breathable fabrics. Of twelve coated and laminated fabrics, the laminated nylon and nylon/cotton composite fabrics showed superior WVP with high WR and waterproof characteristics. Accordingly, based on the WR, waterproof, and WVP characteristics of the coated and laminated breathable fabrics, the laminating method, as an eco-friendly process, is recommended to obtain better waterproof-breathable fabrics.

Prediction of Permeability Tensor for Plain Woven Fabric by Using Control Volume Finite Element Method

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Song ◽  
K. Chung ◽  
T. J. Kang ◽  
J. R. Youn
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Permeability Tensor ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Stacking Order ◽  
Control Volume Finite Element ◽  
Element Method

The complete prediction of the second order permeability tensor for a three dimensional multi-axial preform is critical if we are to model and design the manufacturing process for composites by considering resin flow through a multi-axial fiber structure. In this study, the in-plane and transverse permeabilities for a woven fabric were predicted numerically by the coupled flow model, which combines microscopic and macroscopic flows. The microscopic and macroscopic flows were calculated by using 3-D CVFEM(control volume finite element method) for micro and macro unit cells. To avoid a checkerboard pressure field and improve the efficiency of numerical computation, a new interpolation function for velocity is proposed on the basis of analytical solutions. The permeability of a plain woven fabric was measured by means of an unidirectional flow experiment and compared with the permeability calculated numerically. Reverse and simple stacking of plain woven fabrics were taken into account and the relationship between the permeability and the structures of the preform such as the fiber volume fraction and stacking order is identified. Unlike other studies, the current study was based on a more realistic three dimensional unit cell. It was observed that in-plane flow is more dominant than transverse flow within the woven perform, and the effect of the stacking order of a multi-layered preform was negligible.

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