scholarly journals An Added Benefit of Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Ultraviolet Protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 120347542110344
Author(s):  
Valerie C. Doyon ◽  
Touraj Khosravi-Hafshejani ◽  
Vincent Richer
Keyword(s):  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Type Construction ◽  
Ultraviolet Protection ◽  
Uv Protective Properties

The widespread use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic presents a new avenue for protecting the lower half of the face from the harms of sun exposure. The increased social acceptability of masks, which may persist post-pandemic, has the potential to impact prevention of photosensitive disorders, photoaging, and skin cancer. The authors sought to review clinically relevant information on the ultraviolet (UV) shielding properties of masks. This synthesis of current research will help physicians counsel patients on optimal mask choices, from both dermatological and public health viewpoints. The variables impacting the UV protection of masks were reviewed, including fabric type, construction, porosity, and color. Other factors related to wear and use such as moisture, stretch, laundering, and sanitization are discussed in the context of the pandemic. Black, tightly woven, triple-layered polyester cloth masks were determined to be optimal for UV protection. The most protective choice against both SARS-CoV-2 and UV radiation is a medical mask worn underneath the aforementioned cloth mask. In order to preserve the filtration capacity of the fabric, masks should be changed once they have become moist. Washing cotton masks before first use in laundry detergents containing brightening agents increases their UV protection. Overall, cloth masks for the public that are safest against SARS-CoV-2 are generally also the most protective against UV damage. People should be encouraged to procure a high-quality mask to simultaneously help reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and shield against sun exposure. Further investigation is needed on the UV-protective properties of medical masks.

scholarly journals Use of Extended Cover Factor Theory in UV Protection of Woven Fabric

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1188
Author(s):  
Klara Kostajnšek ◽  
Krste Dimitrovski
Keyword(s):  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Cover Factor ◽  
Coefficient Of Reflection ◽  
Uv Protective Properties

The paper presents an extension of existed cover factor theory more suitable for the evaluation of light penetration through a net woven fabrics structure. It also introduces a new simplified model of predicting the ultraviolet (UV) protective properties of woven fabrics assuming that the coefficient of reflection (KR), transmission (KT), and absorption (KA) of constitutive yarns are known. Since usually they are not, the procedure of preparation of simulation of proper woven fabric samples without interlacing and with known constructional parameters is also presented. The procedure finishes with a fast and cheap detection of missed coefficient for any type of yarns. There are differences between theoretical and measured results, which are not particularly significant in regard to the purpose and demands of investigation.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and UV protective properties of polyamide fabric impregnated with TiO2/Ag nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Milosevic ◽  
Ana Krkobabic ◽  
Marija Radoicic ◽  
Zoran Saponjic ◽  
Vesna Lazic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Polyamide Fabric ◽  
Uv Protective Properties

The possibility of in situ photoreduction of Ag+ ions using colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles deposited on the surface of polyamide fabric in the presence of amino acid alanine and methyl alcohol is discussed. The presence of TiO2/Ag nanoparticles on the polyamide fabric was confirmed by FESEM and ICP analyses. Antibacterial activity of the fabric was tested against Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Fabricated TiO2/Ag nanoparticles on the surface of polyamide fabric provided maximum bacterial reduction and thus, excellent antibacterial activity. In spite of silver leaching from the fabric during washing, impregnated polyamide fabric preserved maximum reduction of Escherichia coli colonies. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus slightly decreased after ten washing cycles, but still antibacterial activity can be considered as satisfactory. In addition, the presence of TiO2/Ag nanoparticles ensured better UV protection efficiency which belongs to very good UV protection category.

Towards superhydrophobic and ultraviolet protective nylon fabrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangesh Teli ◽  
Bhagyashri N. Annaldewar
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Sodium Stearate ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nylon Fabric ◽  
Uv Protective Properties

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare coloured superhydrophobic and ultraviolet (UV) protective nylon fabrics using nanosilica copper oxide coating. Design/methodology/approach In this study, brown coloured superhydrophobic nylon fabric exhibiting UV protective properties was prepared by step-wise deposition of silica nanoparticles, copper oxide and sodium stearate. The hydrophobicity of treated fabrics was characterised by water contact angle measurement and UV protection properties of fabric were assessed by Australian/New Zealand Standard. Also, a colouring effect of treatment on nylon fabric was measured using spectrophotometer. Findings The modified fabric not only exhibited superhydrophobicity with the water contact angle of 150.6°, but also rendered excellent protection against UV radiation. The fabric showed retention of hydrophobic and UV protection properties up to 20 washing cycles. Originality/value A novel method for imparting superhydrophobicity and UV protective properties along with colouration effect on nylon fabrics has been reported. This type of fabric has potential application in the field of protective clothing.

Studies on Nano – UV Protective Finish on Apparel Fabrics for Health Protection

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Hireni Mankodi ◽  
Dr. Bipin Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Ultraviolet Protection Factor ◽  
Ultraviolet Protection ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Made In

There is a growing demand in the marketplace for textile apparel that offers comfort and protection from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The UV rays of the sun when they come into contact with skin lead to all kinds of skin problems. The accumulated effects damage the skin’s DNA and cell function. In addition to skin cancer, excessive sun exposure also causes pre-malignant actinic keratoses, wrinkles, dark and unsightly blotches, leathery skin and prone to destabilizing the immune system. Research has shown that sun (UV) protective clothing is one of the most effective ways to protect against skin cancer. Such fabrics are specifically designed for sun protection by covering a maximum amount of skin and made from a fabric rated for its level of UV protection. Throwing on a sun protective shirt with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of 30+ value is a proactive decision, which can simply help to live a healthier life. Hence, an attempt has been made in this study to visualize the effect of an application of titanium dioxide nano finish onto cotton and its blends with viscose and polyester to provide nano UV protection, without hampering the strength of the substrate.

Impact of structure and yarn colour on UV properties and air permeability of multilayer cotton woven fabrics

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (18) ◽  
pp. 1916-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raša Urbas ◽  
Klara Kostanjšek ◽  
Krste Dimitrovski
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uv Protective Properties ◽  
Fabric Structures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The aim of our work was to establish whether very good to excellent UV (ultraviolet) protective properties of fabrics can be obtained through a suitable fabric construction and yarn colour, at the same time ensuring suitable air permeability.  For this purpose, six different fabric structures divided into three groups were employed. The samples were made in blue and red combinations of weft with different sequences and proportions between the upper and lower weave threads. A comparison of different fabric structures and colours was attempted to enable the assessment of the impact of the mentioned parameters on both, UV protective properties and air permeability of fabrics.  The analysis comprised the investigation of physical and permeability properties, as well as the colour measurements on twelve different cotton fabrics.  The research indicated excellent UV protection (>60) in all samples. UV protection depended on their construction and in a sufficiently closed structure, also on the colour of the used yarn. There was no significant difference between the samples in blue and red. In addition to excellent UV protection, four samples (one double-weft and three double fabrics) also demonstrated very high air permeability, which was 3–5 times higher than in the one-layer sample, which demonstrated the best UV protective properties.  The research has shown that fabrics with a very high ultraviolet protective factor value and good air permeability can be made by using a suitable construction and yarn colours that sufficiently absorb UV light; the latter being particularly important for light summer cotton clothes.

The Relevance of Energy Service Contracts in the Budget Sphere

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
George V. Boos ◽  
Elena Yu. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
The Face ◽  
Energy Service ◽  
The Russian Federation

The problematic aspects related to the implementation of energy saving policy in the budget sphere are examined in the article. The factors hindering the mass and effective implementation of energysaving measures are highlighted in the article. Among these factors, there is the technical complexity of energysaving projects, the presence of innovative and investment risks, problems with the financial provision of costs in the face of increasing debt burden in most public budgets. The article concludes that in these circumstances only the energy service contract is a tool that allows implementing energy­saving measures without the first participation of budgetary funds in financing and allows transferring the risks of making technically inefficient decisions directly to the investor. In the article, the authors substantiate the importance of the institutional development of energy services directly in the public sector and analyze the measures of the comprehensive plan to improve the energy efficiency of the economy of the Russian Federation aimed at expanding the scope of energy service contracts in the public sector.

Verán ustedes las chozas más humildes. El discurso de pobreza en la diplomacia pública cardenista dirigida a Estados Unidos

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-281
Author(s):  
Sylvia Dümmer Scheel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lazaro Cardenas ◽  
The New Deal

El artículo analiza la diplomacia pública del gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas centrándose en su opción por publicitar la pobreza nacional en el extranjero, especialmente en Estados Unidos. Se plantea que se trató de una estrategia inédita, que accedió a poner en riesgo el “prestigio nacional” con el fin de justificar ante la opinión pública estadounidense la necesidad de implementar las reformas contenidas en el Plan Sexenal. Aprovechando la inusual empatía hacia los pobres en tiempos del New Deal, se construyó una imagen específica de pobreza que fuera higiénica y redimible. Ésta, sin embargo, no generó consenso entre los mexicanos. This article analyzes the public diplomacy of the government of Lázaro Cárdenas, focusing on the administration’s decision to publicize the nation’s poverty internationally, especially in the United States. This study suggests that this was an unprecedented strategy, putting “national prestige” at risk in order to explain the importance of implementing the reforms contained in the Six Year Plan, in the face of public opinion in the United States. Taking advantage of the increased empathy felt towards the poor during the New Deal, a specific image of hygienic and redeemable poverty was constructed. However, this strategy did not generate agreement among Mexicans.

Agents of Practice at the Public Library’s Reference Desk

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Cavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Professional Boundaries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reference Librarians ◽  
Practice Perspective ◽  
The Face ◽  
Reference Et

The face to face interactions of reference librarians and reference assistants are studied from a theoretical practice perspective. Rather than reinforcing professional boundaries, the results of this analysis support reference practice in public libraries as a highly relational activity where reference “expertise” retains a significant subjectivist, relational dimension.Les interventions en personne des bibliothèques de référence et des adjoints à la référence sont étudiées du point de vue de la pratique théorique. Plutôt que de renforcer les frontières interprofessionnelles, les résultats de cette analyse appuient l'idée que les pratiques de référence en milieu public sont des activités hautement relationnelles où l'expertise de la référence conserve une dimension subjectiviste et relationnelle. 

Tax-Advantaged Trust Use Among IPO Executives: Determinants and Implications for Valuation and Future Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Dambra ◽  
Matthew Gustafson ◽  
Phillip J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
The Public ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Estate Taxes ◽  
Price Appreciation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Jel Classifications

ABSTRACT We examine the prevalence and determinants of CEOs' use of tax-advantaged trusts prior to their firm's IPO. Twenty-three percent of CEOs use tax-advantaged pre-IPO trusts, and share transfers into tax-advantaged trusts are positively associated with CEO equity wealth, estate taxes, and dynastic preferences. We project that pre-IPO trust use increases CEOs' dynastic wealth by approximately $830,000, on average. We next examine a simple model's prediction that trust use will be positively related to IPO-period stock price appreciation. We find that trust use is associated with 12 percent higher one-year post-IPO returns, but is not significantly related to the IPO's valuation, filing price revision, or underpricing. This evidence is consistent with CEOs' personal finance decisions prior to the IPO containing value-relevant information that is not immediately incorporated into market prices. JEL Classifications: D14; G12; G32; M21; M41. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

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