Analysis of Styrene-Butadiene Based Thermoplastic Magnetorheological Elastomers with Surface-Treated Iron Particles

Magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) are increasing in popularity in many applications because of their ability to change stiffness by applying a magnetic field. Instead of liquid-based 1 K and 2 K silicone, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), based on styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers, have been investigated as matrix material. Three different carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) with different surface treatments were used as magneto active filler material. For the sample fabrication, the thermoplastic pressing method was used, and the MR effect under static and dynamic load was investigated. We show that for filler contents above 40 vol.-%, the linear relationship between powder content and the magnetorheological effect is no longer valid. We showed how the SiO2 and phosphate coating of the CIPs affects the saturation magnetization and the shear modulus of MRE composites. A combined silica phosphate coating resulted in a higher shear modulus, and therefore, the MR effect decreased, while coating with SiO2 only improved the MR effect. The highest performance was achieved at low deformations; a static MR effect of 73% and a dynamic MR effect of 126% were recorded. It was also shown that a lower melting viscosity of the TPE matrix helps to increase the static MR effect of anisotropic MREs, while low shear modulus is crucial for achieving high dynamic MR. The knowledge from TPE-based magnetic composites will open up new opportunities for processing such as injection molding, extrusion, and fused deposition modeling (FDM).

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Performance of Magnetorheological Elastomer Based Silicone/SAIB

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.772.61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 772 ◽

pp. 61-65

Author(s):

Muntaz Hana Ahmad Khairi ◽

Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽

Ubaidillah ◽

Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz ◽

Norhiwani Mohd Hapipi

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Silicone Rubber ◽

Carbonyl Iron ◽

Excitation Frequency ◽

Rubber Matrix ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽

Mr Effect ◽

Strain Dependent

This study introduces a sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) as an additive of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) to be added in silicone rubber matrix and carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) as their filler. The CIPs were fixed at 60 wt% and two types of MREs sample were fabricated which are isotropic and anisotropic. Rheological properties related to shear storage modulus were measured using a rheometer (MCR 302, Anton Paar). The experimental results demonstrated that the magnetorheological (MR) effect of anisotropic MREs-based Silicone/SAIB was 126 % as compared to isotropic MREs-based Silicone/SAIB, 64%. The fabricated MREs samples were frequency and strain dependent. The relative MR effect for both samples showed decreasing trend with the increment of strain amplitude and excitation frequency.

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STUDY OF UTILIZABLE MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL ELASTOMERS

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979207045785 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (28n29) ◽

pp. 4875-4882 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

X. L. GONG ◽

L. CHEN ◽

J. F. LI

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Strong Magnetic Field ◽

Carbonyl Iron ◽

Zero Magnetic Field ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽

Vibration Absorption ◽

Tuned Vibration Absorbers ◽

Roll Mill ◽

Mr Effect

This paper presents two kinds of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs). One is composed of appropriate silicon rubber, carbonyl iron particles and some other materials. It is cured under a strong magnetic field at a room temperature. Its shear modulus change from 0.34MPa at zero magnetic field to 3.34MPa at 1T magnetic field, the relative MR effect reaches 878%. Such high MR effect has not been reported until now. The other is composed by appropriate natural rubber, carbonyl iron particles and some other materials. After the compositions are mixed in a two-roll mill, they are cured under a strong magnetic field according to a temperature profile. The increment of its modulus reaches 3.6MPa, and the relative modulus increment is 133%. Their mechanical properties are also evaluated. All observed results show that the fabricated MREs are utilizable. They have successfully been utilized to adaptive tuned vibration absorbers, which will serve for vibration absorption of vehicles.

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Magnetorheological Elastomer Silicone-Based Containing Corroded Carbonyl Iron Particles

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.772.51 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 772 ◽

pp. 51-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nor Azlin Nazira Abd Rahman ◽

Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽

Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz ◽

Nur Azmah Nordin ◽

Ubaidillah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Carbonyl Iron ◽

Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Weight Percent ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽

The Matrix ◽

Mr Effect ◽

And Storage

In this study, magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) were synthesized using silicone rubber (SR) as the matrix element interspersed with 70 weight percent of corroded carbonyl iron particles (CIPs). The CIPs were corroded in dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) for 4 hours. The rheological properties related to MR effect were experimentally examined in the absence and presence of magnetic field at various current using a rheometer. The experimental results depicted the MR effect of the MRE with corroded CIPs decreased one-half, 27% as compared to the non-corroded samples, 58%. The correlation between the purity of CIPs and storage modulus of MR elastomer is examined in this study.

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SIMULATION OF NONLINEAR MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL PARTICLE-FILLED ELASTOMERS

International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1142/s2047684113500188 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 02 (03n04) ◽

pp. 1350018

Author(s):

SHULEI SUN ◽

XIONGQI PENG ◽

ZAOYANG GUO

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Shear Modulus ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Applied Magnetic Field ◽

Smart Materials ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Particle Volume ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽

Maxwell Stress Tensor ◽

Element Simulation

Polymer matrix filled with ferromagnetic particles is a class of smart materials whose mechanical properties can be changed under different magnetic field. They are usually referred to as magnetorheological elastomers (MREs). A finite element simulation was presented to describe the mechanical behavior of MREs with the nonlinearity of the particle magnetization being incorporated. By introducing the Maxwell stress tensor, a representative volume element (RVE) was proposed to calculate the Young's modulus and shear modulus of MREs due to the applied magnetic field. The influences of the applied magnetic field and the particle volume fractions in the shear modulus and Young's modulus were studied. Results show that the shear modulus increases with the magnitude of the applied magnetic field, while the Young's modulus decreases.

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Solvent Dependence of the Rheological Properties in Hydrogel Magnetorheological Plastomer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21051793 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1793 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norhiwani Mohd Hapipi ◽

Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽

U. Ubaidillah ◽

Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz ◽

Muntaz Hana Ahmad Khairi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Binary Mixtures ◽

Binary Solvent ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Magnetic Performance ◽

Solvent Dependence ◽

Mr Effect ◽

External Stimuli ◽

Pva Hydrogel

Chemically crosslinked hydrogel magnetorheological (MR) plastomer (MRP) embedded with carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) exhibits excellent magnetic performance (MR effect) in the presence of external stimuli especially magnetic field. However, oxidation and desiccation in hydrogel MRP due to a large amount of water content as a dispersing phase would limit its usage for long-term applications, especially in industrial engineering. In this study, different solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are also used to prepare polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel MRP. Thus, to understand the dynamic viscoelastic properties of hydrogel MRP, three different samples with different solvents: water, DMSO, and their binary mixtures (DMSO/water) were prepared and systematically carried out using the oscillatory shear. The outcomes demonstrate that the PVA hydrogel MRP prepared from precursor gel with water shows the highest MR effect of 15,544% among the PVA hydrogel MRPs. However, the samples exhibit less stability and tend to oxidise after a month. Meanwhile, the samples with binary mixtures (DMSO/water) show an acceptable MR effect of 11,024% with good stability and no CIPs oxidation. Otherwise, the sample with DMSO has the lowest MR effect of 7049% and less stable compared to the binary solvent samples. This confirms that the utilisation of DMSO as a new solvent affects the rheological properties and stability of the samples.

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Material Characterization of Magnetorheological Elastomers with Corroded Carbonyl Iron Particles: Morphological Images and Field-dependent Viscoelastic Properties

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20133311 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 3311 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siti Aishah Binti Abdul Aziz ◽

Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽

Nur Azmah Nordin ◽

Nor Azlin Nazira Abd Rahman ◽

U Ubaidillah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbonyl Iron ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Rheological Characteristics ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

X Ray ◽

Field Dependent ◽

Mr Effect

High temperatures and humidity could alter the field-dependent rheological properties of MR materials. These environmental phenomena may accelerate the deterioration processes that will affect the long-term rheological reliability of MR materials such as MR elastomer (MRE). This study therefore attempts to investigate the field-dependent rheological characteristics of MRE with corroded carbonyl iron particles (CIPs). The corroded CIPs were treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a way of providing realistic environments in gauging the CIPs reaction towards the ambient conditions. The corroded CIPs along with silicone rubber as a matrix material were used in the fabrication of the MRE samples. To observe the effect of HCl treatment on the CIPs, the morphological observations of MREs with non-corroded and corroded CIPs were investigated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). In addition, the magnetic properties were examined through the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), while the field-dependent rheological characteristics such as the storage modulus of MRE with the corroded CIPs were also tested and compared with the non-corroded CIPs. The results showed that the corroded CIPs possessed hydrangea-like structures. In the meantime, it was identified that a sudden reduction of up to 114% of the field-dependent MR effect of MRE with the corroded CIPs was observed as a result of the weakened interfacial bonding between the CIPs and the silicon in the outer layers of the CIPs structure.

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The pressure-dependent MR effect of magnetorheological elastomers

Smart Materials and Structures ◽

10.1088/0964-1726/21/7/075014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 075014 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Xufeng Dong ◽

Ning Ma ◽

Min Qi ◽

Jinhai Li ◽

Ran Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽

Mr Effect

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Melt Rheology of Thermoplastic Elastomers from High Density Polyethylene/Styrene – Butadiene Rubber Blends: Effect of Blend Ratio and Dynamic Vulcanization

Progress in Rubber Plastics and Recycling Technology ◽

10.1177/147776060301900405 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 261-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. K. Jayasree ◽

P. Pradeep ◽

S. Thomas ◽

A. R. R. Menon

Keyword(s):

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽

High Density ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Melt Rheology ◽

Dynamic Vulcanization ◽

Blend Ratio ◽

Rubber Blends ◽

Styrene Butadiene

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Study on the Mechanical Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.54 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 774-776 ◽

pp. 54-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yu Fei Wang ◽

Guo Fei Wang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Large Deformation ◽

Shear Mode ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽

Test Set ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽

Magnetorheological Effect ◽

Magnetic Filed ◽

Mr Effect

A polyurethane-based magnetorheological elastomer (MR elastomer) was designed, and the magnetorheological effect (MR effect) under shear mode was systematically tested by the designed test set. The results show that the relative MR effect increases with the exterior magnetic filed strength and decreases as the incentive amplitudes increasing. The preload displacement also directly determines the relative MR effect and too large deformation will make the MR effect decreased sharply. But the incentive frequency has no very obviously influence on the relative MR effect.

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