A Facile Approach of Fabricating Electrically Conductive Knitted Fabrics Using Graphene Oxide and Textile-Based Waste Material

This research investigated a feasible approach to fabricating electrically conductive knitted fabrics using previously wet-spun wool/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite fibre. In the production of the composite fibre, waste wool fibres and PAN were used, whereby both the control PAN (100% PAN) and wool/PAN composite fibres (25% wool) were knitted into fabrics. The knitted fabrics were coated with graphene oxide (GO) using the brushing and drying technique and then chemically reduced using hydrazine to introduce the electrical conductivity. The morphological study showed the presence of GO sheets wrinkles on the coated fabrics and their absence on reduced fabrics, which supports successful coating and a reduction of GO. This was further confirmed by the colour change properties of the fabrics. The colour strength (K/S) of the reduced control PAN and wool/PAN fabrics increased by ~410% and ~270%, and the lightness (L*) decreased ~65% and ~71%, respectively, compared to their pristine fabrics. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence and absence of the GO functional groups along with the PAN and amide groups in the GO-coated and reduced fabrics. Similarly, the X-ray diffraction analysis exhibited a typical 2θ peak at 10⁰ that represents the existence of GO, which was demolished after the reduction process. Moreover, the wool/PAN/reduced GO knitted fabrics showed higher electrical conductivity (~1.67 S/cm) compared to the control PAN/reduced GO knitted fabrics (~0.35 S/cm). This study shows the potential of fabricating electrically conductive fabrics using waste wool fibres and graphene that can be used in different application fields.

Download Full-text

Facile preparation of highly electrically conductive films of silver nanoparticles finely dispersed in polyisobutylene-b-poly(oxyethylene)-b-polyisobutylene triblock copolymers and graphene oxide hybrid surfactants

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra21696f ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (124) ◽

pp. 102462-102468 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chih-Wei Chiu ◽

Gang-Bo Ou

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Triblock Copolymers ◽

Film Surface ◽

High Electrical Conductivity ◽

Electrically Conductive ◽

Conductive Films ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Facile Preparation

The melted morphologies revealed that the AgNPs possessed mobility, and melted on the film surface, giving a high electrical conductivity of 5.2 × 10−2 Ω sq−1 when heat-treated at 350 °C.

Download Full-text

Reduction of Graphene Oxide: Controlled Synthesis by Microwave Irradiation

Molekul ◽

10.20884/1.jm.2020.15.1.564 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Endah Fitriani Rahayu ◽

Bunnari Bunnari ◽

Andri Hardyansyah

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Microwave Irradiation ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Controlled Synthesis ◽

Microwave Exposure ◽

Graphite Oxidation ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Infra Red ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

Modified Hummers Method

Graphene has been attracting enormous attention in the scientific community because of its unique properties and use for various applications. Graphene has been synthesized in various ways, one of which is the graphite oxidation method to form graphene oxide (GO). Reduction of GO to reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is necessary to recover the conjugated network and electrical conductivity, and for this research, this was achieved using microwave irradiation. Microwave synthesis provides an alternative method, saving more time in the reaction process. In this research, graphene was synthesized from graphite by the modified Hummers method and microwave irradiation. This research proves that graphene can be synthesized with a high-quality structure and in a shorter amount of time using microwave irradiation to reduce GO. With longer microwave exposure, less GO is present in the sample, as indicated by the absence of an n–π* electronic transition in the absorbance graph and the absence of oxide groups in the Fourier-Transform Infra-Red spectrum. With increasing microwave power, the reduction process is short-lived, and better quality RGO is produced. This study shows that the new reduction process occurs within 20 minutes with a power of 450 and 630 watts, but at 900 watts, the reduction of GO occurs within 10 minutes, as shown by UV-Vis and FTIR spectra.

Download Full-text

Cellulose-Based Hydrogels with Controllable Electrical and Mechanical Properties

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie ◽

10.1515/zpch-2018-1133 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 232 (9-11) ◽

pp. 1707-1716 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Enwei Zhang ◽

Jing Yang ◽

Wei Liu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Artificial Muscle ◽

Compressive Modulus ◽

Electrically Conductive ◽

Pure Cellulose ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Cellulose Hydrogel ◽

Environmentally Friendly Method

Abstract Electrically conductive cellulose-based hydrogels are prepared by a facile and environmentally friendly method, of which the electrical and mechanical properties can be easily controlled by varying the graphene loading. With an ultralow initial addition of graphene oxide (GO, 0.2 wt% versus the mass of cellulose), the resulting cellulose/reduced graphene oxide (CG0.2) hydrogel shows a significantly enhanced compressive modulus of 332.01 kPa, 54.8% higher than that of pure cellulose hydrogel. Further increasing the addition of GO to 2 wt% (versus the mass of cellulose), the electrical conductivity of the resultant CG2.0 hydrogel is as high as 7.3×10−3 S/m, 10,000-fold higher than that of pure cellulose hydrogel, and of which the mechanical properties are also enhanced. These cellulose-based hydrogels with controllable electrical and mechanical properties have a great potential for application in drug delivery and artificial muscle.

Download Full-text

Stable electrically conductive, highly flame-retardant foam composites generated from reduced graphene oxide and silicone resin coatings

Soft Matter ◽

10.1039/d0sm01540g ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 68-82

Author(s):

Qian Wu ◽

Chun Liu ◽

Longcheng Tang ◽

Yue Yan ◽

Huayu Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Polyurethane Foam ◽

Flame Retardancy ◽

Silicone Resin ◽

Electrically Conductive ◽

Reduced Graphene

Reduced graphene oxide and silicone resin coated polyurethane foam composites with stable electrical conductivity and high flame retardancy.

Download Full-text

Electrically Conductive Nanocomposites Composed of Styrene–Acrylonitrile Copolymer and rGO via Free-Radical Polymerization

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12061221 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1221

Author(s):

Eun Bin Ko ◽

Dong-Eun Lee ◽

Keun-Byoung Yoon

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Free Radical ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Radical Polymerization ◽

Free Radical Polymerization ◽

Electrically Conductive ◽

Acrylonitrile Copolymer ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Styrene Acrylonitrile

The polymerizable reduced graphene oxide (mRGO) grafted styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer composites were prepared via free radical polymerization. The graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was reacted with 3-(tri-methoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (MPS) and used as monomer to graft styrene and acrylonitrile on its surface. The successful modification and reduction of GO was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), Raman and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mRGO was prepared using chemical and solvothermal reduction methods. The effect of the reduction method on the composite properties and nanosheet distribution in the polymer matrix was studied. The thermal stability, electrical conductivity and morphology of nanocomposites were studied. The electrical conductivity of the obtained nanocomposite was very high at 0.7 S/m. This facile free radical polymerization provides a convenient route to achieve excellent dispersion and electrically conductive polymers.

Download Full-text

Increase of Electrical Conductivity due to Chemical Reduction of Pre-Exfoliated Graphene Oxide by Sodium Borohydride

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1117.187 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1117 ◽

pp. 187-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Astrida Berzina ◽

Velta Tupureina ◽

Raimonds Orlovs ◽

Dmitrijs Saharovs ◽

Juris Bitenieks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Sodium Borohydride ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Large Scale ◽

Chemical Reduction ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Suspension Stability ◽

Exfoliated Graphene ◽

Reduced Graphene

Graphene oxide (GO) reduction is a promising way for graphene large scale synthesis. Pre-exfoliated graphite was oxidized and reduced. The material was compared to commercial graphene oxide and its reduced sample. The reduction process of graphene oxide is accomplished using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) with variable-valence metal ion – cobalt – assistance. The reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The particle size and suspension stability were determined. Electrical conductivity measurements of GO and RGO samples have been done in temperature range from-150°C to 85°C. Pre-exfoliation effect was determined.

Download Full-text

A Facile Scalable Conductive Graphene-Coated Calotropis Gigantea Yarn

10.21203/rs.3.rs-861664/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Junze Zhang ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Zeyu Zhao ◽

Di Huang ◽

Chao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Strong Dependence ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Scale Production ◽

Range Analysis ◽

Calotropis Gigantea ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Dyeing Parameters

Abstract Graphene-functionalized fibers have attracted substantial attention due to their potential applications in flexible wearable electronic devices. However, these conventional conductive materials are facing difficulties in mass production. In this paper, we report a graphene-coated Calotropis gigantea yarn by pad dyeing with graphene oxide and reduction process, which endows it with high conductivity, outstanding conducting stability, and scale production capacity. By optimizing the dyeing parameters, the modified Calotropis gigantea yarns display high electrical conductivity of 6.9 S/m. Range analysis results indicate that electrical conductivity of the graphene-coated yarns exhibits strong dependence on the concentration of graphene oxide and pad dyeing cycles. The combination between hydrogen bond of the fiber and the oxygen bond of graphene during dyeing process renders the functionalized yarns stable conductivity to washing and bending. Based on the simple fabrication process, and fascinating performance, the graphene-coated yarns show great potential in facile scale production.

Download Full-text

Study of electrically conductive carbon textile materials obtained by electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide

Industrial laboratory Diagnostics of materials ◽

10.26896/1028-6861-2019-85-12-33-37 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 (12) ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

V. V. Safonov ◽

S. V. Sapozhnikov ◽

D. A. Morozova ◽

E. V. Zajcev

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Electrophoretic Deposition ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Electrically Conductive ◽

Textile Materials ◽

Conductive Materials

Electrophoretic deposition is currently one of the most relevant technological methods for production of electrically conductive materials. In the work, the method of electrophoretic deposition obtained Electrically conductive materials based on carbon fibers (CF) have been obtained for the first time by electro-phoretic deposition using graphene oxide (GO) and silver nanoparticles. The obtained materials exhibit increased electrical conductivity, surface activity, and enhanced physical and mechanical properties. The purpose of the study is development of the methods for producing electrically conductive carbon textile materials by electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide using galvanic deposition of silver nanoparticles from an electrolyte. Electrophoretic deposition was performed in 1 cm increments and at a constant voltage of 160 V during 20, 40, and 60 sec. Infrared spectroscopy data showed that GO particles are fixed on carbon textile materials. The carbon textile materials (CF/GO/NP Ag/60) thus obtained formed a new structure with several layers of graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles. The CF deposition increases the surface roughness of the hydrocarbon and thus improving the wettability and adhesion. An analysis of the spectra obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for CF showed significant changes in the binding energy and the energy of excited photoelectrons. Compared with the initial hydrocarbons, the obtained carbon materials exhibited an increased content of silver and oxygen, whereas carbon to oxygen ratio decreased. The developed technique allowed us to obtain carbon textile materials with high electrical conductivity being 2.5 as much the original CF. Introduction of the silver nanoparticles contributes to filling of the surface cracks in CF. An increase in the share of reduced graphene oxide can significantly increase the surface roughness, electrical conductivity, surface energy and improve the screening properties of carbon textile materials. The effectiveness of screening in the obtained materials is 24.4 % higher than that in the initial CF which expands the potentiality of their application in novel technical textile products of the future.

Download Full-text

Graphene oxide incorporated waste wool/PAN hybrid fibres

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91561-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Md Abdullah Al Faruque ◽

Rechana Remadevi ◽

Albert Guirguis ◽

Alper Kiziltas ◽

Deborah Mielewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Wet Spinning ◽

Amino Groups ◽

Electrically Conductive ◽

Textile Waste ◽

Smart Textile ◽

Hybrid Fibre ◽

Carboxylic Groups ◽

Promising Solution ◽

The Fourier Transform

AbstractThis work aims to evaluate the potential of using textile waste in smart textile applications in the form of a hybrid fibre with electrical properties. The bio-based electrically conductive fibres were fabricated from waste wool and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) via wet spinning with different wool content. The control PAN and hybrid fibre produced with the highest amount of wool content (25% w/v) were coated with graphene oxide (GO) using the "brushing and drying" technique. The GO nanosheets coated control PAN and wool/PAN hybrid fibres were chemically reduced through hydrazine vapour exposure. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of both protein and nitrile peaks in the wool/PAN hybrid fibres, although the amide I and amide A groups had disappeared, due to the dissolution of wool. The morphological and structural analysis revealed effective coating and reduction of the fibres through GO nanosheets and hydrazine, respectively. The hybrid fibre showed higher electrical conductivity (~ 180 S/cm) compared to the control PAN fibres (~ 95 S/cm), confirming an effective bonding between the hydroxyl and carboxylic groups of the GO sheets and the amino groups of wool evidenced by chemical analysis. Hence, the graphene oxide incorporated wool/PAN hybrid fibres may provide a promising solution for eco-friendly smart textile applications.

Download Full-text

Effect of MCl (M = Na, K) addition on microstructure and electrical conductivity of forsterite

The European Physical Journal Applied Physics ◽

10.1051/epjap/2020200161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 10901

Author(s):

Saloua El Asri ◽

Hamid Ahamdane ◽

Lahoucine Hajji ◽

Mohamed El Hadri ◽

Moulay Ahmed El Idrissi Raghni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Single Phase ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Complex Impedance ◽

Transmission Spectra ◽

Electrical Measurements ◽

Cation Type ◽

Edx Analyses ◽

The Fourier Transform

Forsterite single phase powder Mg2SiO4 was synthesized by sol–gel method alongside with heat treatment, using two different cation alkaline salts MCl as mineralizers (M = Na, K) with various mass percentages (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt.%). In this work, we report on the effect of the cation type and the added amount of used mineralizer on microstructure and electrical conductivity of Mg2SiO4. The formation of forsterite started at 680–740 °C and at 630–700 °C with KCl and NaCl respectively, as shown by TG-DTA and confirmed by XRD. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission spectra indicated bands corresponding to vibrations of forsterite structure. The morphology and elemental composition of sintered ceramics were examined by SEM-EDX analyses, while their densities, which were measured by Archimedes method, increased with addition of both alkaline salts. The electrical measurements were performed by Complex Impedance Spectroscopy. The results showed that electrical conductivity increased with the addition of both mineralizers, which was higher for samples prepared with NaCl than those prepared with KCl.

Download Full-text