scholarly journals Effect of Waste Polyethylene and Wax-Based Additives on Bitumen Performance

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3733
Author(s):  
Luca Desidery ◽  
Michele Lanotte
Keyword(s):  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Modified Binders ◽  
Waste Polyethylene ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Landfill Disposal

Over the last years, the replacement of traditional polymer modifiers with waste plastics has attracted increasing interest. The implementation of such technology would allow a drastic reduction of both production cost and landfill disposal of wastes. Among all, polyethylene-based plastics have been proved suitable for this purpose. The research activities presented in this paper aim to assess the synergistic effect of polyethylene and Fischer–Tropsch waxes on the viscoelastic properties and performance of the bitumen. In order to reduce the blending time, waxes, and polyethylene need to be added simultaneously. In fact, the presence of the waxes reduces the polarity of the bitumen matrix and increases the affinity with the polymer promoting its dispersion. Results demonstrate that the chain length of the waxes, the form of the added waste polyethylene, and the blending protocol have critical effects on the time-evolution of such properties. Short-chain waxes have a detrimental impact on the rutting resistance regardless of the blending protocol. On the contrary, long-chain waxes improve the overall behavior of the polyethylene-modified binders and, in particular, the resistance to permanent deformations.

Numerical Analysis on Thermal Deformation of Linear Motor in Chip Mounter

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Woo Joo ◽  
Kwang-Sun Kim ◽  
Jun-Young Kim ◽  
Hee-Rak Beom
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Deformation ◽  
Linear Motor ◽  
Ball Screw ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Semiconductor Chip ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Stress And Deformation ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Semiconductor Chips

In the semiconductor chip mounting process, the size of semiconductor chips is decreasing, while the number of mounting the chips per time are increasing, and this trend is being accelerated. The research activities to develop the chip mounters, which are able to mount rapidly and accurately, have been needed in the industry. With this background, the linear motor in the chip mounters has been an important part. The electro-magnetic type linear motor has many advantages such as direct linear reciprocating motion being compared with the rotary motor and the ball screw type linear motor. However, the electro-magnetic linear motor has thermal problems. These problems affect life and performance of motor and bring out the other problems such as thermal stress and deformation. The heat transfer analysis is difficult to solve thermal problems because the moving and fixed parts coexist. The trial & error methods have been therefore used under majority of cases. In this paper, we investigated the thermal deformation problems of linear motor in a chip mounter and the optimized parameters to design the motion parts of electro-magnetic linear motor were obtained.

scholarly journals In situ observation of phase changes of a silica-supported cobalt catalyst for the Fischer–Tropsch process by the development of a synchrotron-compatible in situ/operando powder X-ray diffraction cell

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1673-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Hoffman ◽  
Joseph A. Singh ◽  
Stacey F. Bent ◽  
Simon R. Bare
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Co Nanoparticles

In situ characterization of catalysts gives direct insight into the working state of the material. Here, the design and performance characteristics of a universal in situ synchrotron-compatible X-ray diffraction cell capable of operation at high temperature and high pressure, 1373 K, and 35 bar, respectively, are reported. Its performance is demonstrated by characterizing a cobalt-based catalyst used in a prototypical high-pressure catalytic reaction, the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, using X-ray diffraction. Cobalt nanoparticles supported on silica were studied in situ during Fischer–Tropsch catalysis using syngas, H2 and CO, at 723 K and 20 bar. Post reaction, the Co nanoparticles were carburized at elevated pressure, demonstrating an increased rate of carburization compared with atmospheric studies.

The effect of feeding salmon oil to sows throughout pregnancy on pre-weaning mortality of piglets

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Rooke ◽  
A.G. Sinclair ◽  
S.A. Edwards ◽  
R. Cordoba ◽  
S. Pkiyach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Nutritional Study ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractSalmon oil (16·5 kg /t), a source of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, was included in diets offered to multiparous sows during pregnancy and lactation to measure responses in pre-weaning mortality and performance of piglets in two studies. The first study, carried out under commercial conditions, included 196 sows which were offered salmon oil and control diets from immediately post service until weaning. The same diets were also offered to 10 sows per treatment from day 58 of pregnancy in a controlled nutritional study which measured the effects of salmon oil on piglet tissue fatty acid composition. Offering salmon oil to the sow significantly increased gestation length and decreased individual piglet birth weight but had no effect on litter size at birth. Overall, salmon oil reduced pre-weaning mortality from 11·7% to 10·2% mainly by reducing the incidence of deaths from crushing by the sow. More detailed analysis of mortality using a general linear mixed model and 2294 piglet records, demonstrated that the incidence of pre-weaning mortality was significantly decreased with increasing individual piglet birth weight and by inclusion of salmon oil in the diet; the incidence of mortality increased with average piglet birth weight in a litter. Salmon oil inclusion had no effect on weight of litter weaned, sow lactation food intake or subsequent reproductive performance. In both studies, dietary salmon oil increased the proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in colostrum to a similar extent. In the nutritional study, inclusion of salmon oil reduced the proportions of 20: 4 n-6 in piglet liver and brain at birth and increased the proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, despite reducing piglet birth weight, offering sows salmon oil reduced pre-weaning mortality of piglets. The nutritional study showed that the amount and type of marine oil used may not have been optimal.

Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Fuel from Waste Plastics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gowrishankar ◽  
G.D. Kumar ◽  
R. Prithviraj ◽  
V. Sanjay ◽  
D. Hariharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Blend Ratios ◽  
Alternate Fuels

Plastics are an integral part of our lives and the production of plastics has drastically increased over the years, because of its vast range of applications and usage. Due to this the accumulation of waste plastics has also increased in time. The waste plastic generated in India is 15000 tons per day (as per survey). The breakdown of plastics requires around 500 years in the earth and these waste plastics affect the humans, animals, birds, earth and environment. The demand for conventional fuel has also increased lately and the quantity of this fuel reserve has decreased simultaneously. The extensive usage of the conventional fuels has paved the path for alternative ways for energy sources and alternate fuels. The extraction of waste plastic oil is obtained by the process of pyrolysis which is nothing but the thermochemical decomposition of organic matter without oxygen. The extracted plastic pyrolysis oil is then blended with diesel which helps in reducing the consumption of diesel fuel. Different blend ratios are prepared consisting of the extracted waste plastic pyrolysis oil and diesel fuel. These fuels are tested in the engine to understand the variation in the engine performance and emissions with the help of a gas analyser. By this way, the suitable blend ratio is selected for further works. This blend of fuel can exhibit high thermal efficiency and increases machine efficiency. The fuel does not emit sulphur dioxide (SO2) and the residue obtained is only 5 percent which is said to be carbon.

Design of efficient Fischer Tropsch cobalt catalysts via plasma enhancement: Reducibility and performance (Review)

2015 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chu ◽  
Junqiang Xu ◽  
Jingping Hong ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
A. Khodakov
Keyword(s):  
Cobalt Catalysts ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Performance Review ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Plasma Enhancement

Publish or perish: why it’s important to publicise how, and if, research activities affect animals

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive R. McMahon ◽  
Mark A. Hindell ◽  
Robert G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Publish Or Perish ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effective Advocacy ◽  
Effective Conservation

Wildlife researchers and conservation biologists are encountering growing research difficulties due to strong and effective advocacy of animal welfare concerns. However, collecting information on the basic biology of animals, which is often essential to effective conservation and management, frequently involves invasive research. The latter is unacceptable to some animal welfare advocates, even if it ultimately leads to better conservation outcomes. For effective biodiversity conservation it is imperative that conservation and wildlife researchers lucidly present the case for their research on individual animals. This requires conservation biologists and the research community in general, to present these arguments in the public domain as well as in peer-reviewed literature. Moreover, it is important to measure how these activities affect animals. Only then can we show that high quality research activities often have little or no effects on animal vital rates and performance.

Mastering a biphasic single-reactor process for direct conversion of glycerol into liquid hydrocarbon fuels

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 2128-2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Ordomsky ◽  
A. Y. Khodakov
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Fischer Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Aqueous Phase Reforming ◽  
Long Chain

Combination of aqueous-phase reforming of glycerol and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in a single biphasic reactor in the presence of an acid leads to formation of long chain alkanes.

Design, Development and Characterization of a Wrap Spring Clutch/Brake Mechanism As a Knee Joint for an Assistive Exoskeleton

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Aishwaryan Subra Mani ◽  
Nathaniel Goldfarb ◽  
Gregory S. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Spring Clutch ◽  
The Right

Abstract Over the past decade, wearable robotics and exoskeletons have been gaining recognition in the field of medical, assistive and augmentative robotics and have led to numerous new innovative mechanisms and designs. Due to fast-paced research activities, the critical importance and performance of established mechanisms such as wrap spring clutch/brake, Wafer Disc Brakes have been overlooked or used ineffectively. This paper describes a practical design approach that will enable the designer to choose a mechanism based on the application of the device, which will promote overall growth in current technology. The Legged Anthropomorphic Robotic Rehabilitation Exoskeleton (LARRE) project used this approach to design, manufacture, and test the knee joint for ground-level walking. This paper provides the reasoning behind the selection of wrap spring clutch, its evaluation, and testing standards as the knee joint. A thorough literature review was conducted to understand the current state of the art. This project collected a rich set of biomechanical data to ensure that the mechanism will produce the right moments and range of motions during walking. To ensure that our mechanism meets the requirements, the mechanism was put through a wide range of stress tests. The paper establishes a methodology to choose a mechanism for an exoskeleton’s joint based on the desired requirements. The outcome of this paper is an analytical based design approach that can be used by other researchers to impart additional traits and weights, which will aid in the development of exoskeleton design.

scholarly journals The Current and Future State of Department of Defense (DoD) Microbiome Research: a Summary of the Inaugural DoD Tri-Service Microbiome Consortium Informational Meeting

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Glaven ◽  
Kenneth Racicot ◽  
Dagmar H. Leary ◽  
J. Philip Karl ◽  
Steven Arcidiacono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Future State ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACT The Tri-Service Microbiome Consortium (TSMC) was recently established to enhance collaboration, coordination, and communication of microbiome research among Department of Defense (DoD) organizations. The TSMC aims to serve as a forum for sharing information related to DoD microbiome research, policy, and applications, to monitor global advances relevant to human health and performance, to identify priority objectives, and to facilitate Tri-Service (Army, Navy, and Air Force) collaborative research. The inaugural TSMC workshop held on 10 to 11 May 2017 brought together almost 100 attendees from across the DoD and several key DoD partners. The meeting outcomes informed attendees of the scope of current DoD microbiome research efforts and identified knowledge gaps, collaborative/leveraging opportunities, research barriers/challenges, and future directions. This report details meeting presentations and discussions with special emphasis on Tri-Service labs’ current research activities.

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