scholarly journals Recycling of Plastics from Cable Waste from Automotive Industry in Poland as an Approach to the Circular Economy

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3845
Author(s):  
Dorota Czarnecka-Komorowska ◽  
Wiktoria Kanciak ◽  
Mateusz Barczewski ◽  
Roman Barczewski ◽  
Roman Regulski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Ductile Polymer ◽  
New Material ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Moisture Resistant

This paper presents the contemporary problems of polymer waste recycling, mainly recycling cables from end-of-life vehicles. The authors developed a new material based on mixed polymer waste (ASR) modified with a ductile polymer, mainly recycled low-density polyethylene (rLDPE), to produce moisture-resistant boards with beneficial mechanical properties. The ASR-based compositions without and with homogenization process—including physical, chemical, and shear-assisted compatibilization—were successfully applied and verified by evaluating final recycled product properties. The results showed that recycled polyethylene (rLDPE) was effective as a modifier increasing tensile modulus and flexural strength compare to an ASR mixture. It was found that the adding 5 wt % of polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MAH) as a compatibilizer to the ASR mixture significantly increases the homogenization of the components in the ASR matrix. The optimal solution for management cable waste is the manufacture of ASR composites with homogenization using an internal mixer the adding 20 wt % of rLDPE and 5 wt % of PE-g-MAH to the mixed plastics cable waste. The results obtained demonstrate that the hot-pressing with the pre-blending with rLDPE and compatibilizer of the ASR based waste provides a high gain in mechanical and usage properties, enabling the circular economy of plastics from automotive cables.

scholarly journals Circulatory Management of Polymer Waste: Recycling into Fine Fibers and Their Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4694
Author(s):  
Alena Opálková Šišková ◽  
Petra Peer ◽  
Anita Eckstein Andicsová ◽  
Igor Jordanov ◽  
Piotr Rychter
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Centrifugal Spinning ◽  
Polymeric Waste

In modern society, it is impossible to imagine life without polymeric materials. However, managing the waste composed of these materials is one of the most significant environmental issues confronting us in the present day. Recycling polymeric waste is the most important action currently available to reduce environmental impacts worldwide and is one of the most dynamic areas in industry today. Utilizing this waste could not only benefit the environment but also promote sustainable development and circular economy management. In its program statement, the European Union has committed to support the use of sorted polymeric waste. This study reviews recent attempts to recycle this waste and convert it by alternative technologies into fine, nano-, and microscale fibers using electrospinning, blowing, melt, or centrifugal spinning. This review provides information regarding applying reprocessed fine fibers in various areas and a concrete approach to mitigate the threat of pollution caused by polymeric materials.

Review on modification strategies of polyethylene/polypropylene immiscible thermoplastic polymer blends for enhancing their mechanical behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antimo Graziano ◽  
Shaffiq Jaffer ◽  
Mohini Sain
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Reactive Compatibilization ◽  
Brittle To Ductile Transition ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Effective Product

Blends of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) have always been the subject of intense reasearch for encouraging polymer waste recycling while producing new materials for specific applications in a sustainable way. However, being thermodynamically immiscible, these polyolefins form a binary system usually exhibiting lower performances compared with those of the homopolymers. Many studies have been carried out to better understand the PE/PP blend compatibilization for developing a high-performance and cost-effective product. Both nonreactive and reactive compatibilization promote the brittle to ductile transition for a PE/PP blend. However, the final product usually does not meet the requirements for high demanding commercial applications. Therefore, further PE/PP modification with a reinforcing filler, being either synthetic or natural, proved to be a good method for manufacturing high-performance reinforcend polymer blend composites, with superior and tailored properties. This review summarizes the recent progress in compatibilization techniques applied for enhancing the interfacial adhesion between PE and PP. Moreover, future perspectives on better understanding the influence of themodynamics on PE/PP synergy are discussed to introduce more effective compatibilization strategies, which will allow this blend to be used for innovative industrial applications.

scholarly journals Optimizing the polymer waste supply chains based on circular economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetyana Skrypko ◽  
Nazariy Popadynets ◽  
Tetiana Yakhno ◽  
Roman Shulla ◽  
Tetiana Vlasenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Use Of Resources

The paper shows the results of an empirical study on the optimization of polymer waste supply chains based on the circular economy in Ukraine. The research shows that the main links in the activity should be harmonized for quality and quick optimization of polymer waste supply chains, including the processes of collecting, sorting, treatment, processing, and recycling of resources for maintaining the quality by total cost reduction. The research argues that the circular economy that stipulates the easy processing, recycling, disassembling, and restoring of products replaced the traditional linear model “take, produce, and throw out” that has dominated the economy by now. The study shows that the transformation of supply chains in production ecosystems forms competitive advantages at the enterprises that allow them to be more productive through efficient use of resources.

scholarly journals Use and disposal of disposable plastic packaging by retail chains and catering companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Panasenkova ◽  
◽  
Olga E. Gruzdeva ◽  
Maria G. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
Polymeric Waste ◽  
Disposable Plastic

The increased use of disposable plastic consumer packaging, especially in the sanitary and epidemiological conditions of COVID-19, makes it necessary to dispose of the resulting waste. The problem is aggravated by the weak processing of waste, which is stored and not destroyed in nature. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to analyze the problems caused by the consumption and disposal of plastic disposable plastic packaging by retail chains and public catering companies. A brief comparative analysis of the composition and quantities of the plastic waste was carried out. The legal documents governing the waste management in Russia and abroad were studied. The Russian waste recycling market was compared with the foreign ones. Data on polymeric waste(composition, quantity, share in the total mass of waste, cost, and possibility of using as a secondary raw material) were studied. The lack of an effective system for collecting polymer waste and its utilization in Russia was emphasized and compared with Asian, European and American countries. In these countries, there are regulatory documents governing the collection and recycling of plastic products; the production itself is economically attractive. Recommendations aimed to encourage manufacturers to recycle waste were given; options for solving the problem of recycling plastic waste on a legislative, economic and managerial basis were offered.

System Dynamics Simulation and Adjustment on Coal Resource Utilization Based on Circular Economy

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3190-3201
Author(s):  
Yan Hong Hao ◽  
Ling Mei Wang ◽  
Li Xia Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Coal Resource

Coal resource utilization system, based on circular economy, is an opening, complex and time-varying system. It composes of subsystems such as industry, population, economy and environment etc. Taking the industry subsystem as prime object, this paper builds its system dynamics model adopting the system dynamics method based on full life cycle. The adjustment parameters such as utilization rate of by-product of mining, the proportion of coal use in each industry and waste recycling rate etc. were confirmed. As a case of coal utilization system being designed, thirteen development projects belong to two types of scenarios were run on the model. The efficacy coefficient method was applied to analyze the simulation results and determine the comparatively best project of coal resource utilization system for the first time. The results indicate that the C4 among them are the best project comparatively, its waste emission is the least, and the benefits of economy, environment and society are the maximum. Research shows that extending industrial chain, increasing production proportion of high added-value product and raising waste recycling rate are beneficial to decrease coal-mining quantity for unit output value, protect coal resource and achieve sustainable development, namely that adopting circular economy development pattern is undoubtedly worthy of advocating for sustainable development of economy, environment and society.

scholarly journals Polylactic Acid/Polycaprolactone Blends: On the Path to Circular Economy, Substituting Single-Use Commodity Plastic Products

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Delgado-Aguilar ◽  
Rita Puig ◽  
Ilija Sazdovski ◽  
Pere Fullana-i-Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Impact Characteristics ◽  
Plastic Products

Circular economy comes to break the linear resource to waste economy, by introducing different strategies, two of them being: using material from renewable sources and producing biodegradable products. The present work aims at developing polylactic acid (PLA), typically made from fermented plant starch, and polycaprolactone (PCL) blends, a biodegradable polyester, to study their potential to be used as substitutes of oil-based commodity plastics. For this, PLA/PCL blends were compounded in a batch and lab scale internal mixer and processed by means of injection molding. Tensile and impact characteristics were determined and compared to different thermoplastic materials, such as polypropylene, high density polyethylene, polystyrene, and others. It has been found that the incorporation of PCL into a PLA matrix can lead to materials in the range of 18.25 to 63.13 megapascals of tensile strength, 0.56 to 3.82 gigapascals of Young’s modulus, 12.65 to 3.27 percent of strain at maximum strength, and 35 to 2 kJ/m2 of notched impact strength. The evolution of the tensile strength fitted the Voigt and Reuss model, while Young’s modulus was successfully described by the rule of mixtures. Toughness of PLA was significantly improved with the incorporation of PCL, significantly increasing the energy required to fracture the specimens. Blends containing more than 20 wt% of PCL did not break when unnotched specimens were tested. Overall, it was found that the obtained PLA/PCL blends can constitute a strong and environmentally friendly alternative to oil-based commodity materials.

Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Poly(Hydroxybutyrate-co-Hydroxyhexanoate) Polymer Blends: Effect of Blend Ratio and Maleated Compatibiliser

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zharif Ahmad Thirmizir ◽  
Muhammad Dzulakmal Hazahar ◽  
Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Melt Grafting ◽  
A Value ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Internal Mixer

Poly(butylene succinate)/Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (PBS/PHBHH) blends were prepared using melt blending in an internal mixer at 160°C. Mechanical and morphological properties of the blends, with ratios of 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60 and 50/50, are studied by tensile test and microscopy analysis. The effects of maleated PHBHH (PHBHHgMA) compatibiliser on the blend’s mechanical and morphological properties are also investigated. The compatibiliser is prepared by melt grafting maleic anhydride (MA) onto PHBHH at 160°C, in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiator. In this study, the purified compatibiliser is added to the blends. The highest tensile strength was achieved by the 10/90 blend, with a value of 24.83MPa; which is slightly higher than the neat PBS. The tensile modulus of the blends decreased with increasing PBS ratio, and approximately followed the Rule of Mixtures. Meanwhile, the elongation at break achieved its optimum value at 10wt. % PBS loading. The addition of PHBHHgMA at 5wt. % improved the tensile properties of all blends; with the highest value being achieved by the 10/90 blend ratio. Morphological observation via SEM was conducted to observe phase morphology and compatibility between the blend’s components.

Kenaf Nanofiber/Polylactic Acid (PLA) Nanocomposite

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 1095-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Surai Lasat ◽  
Abdan Khalina ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Acetyl Group ◽  
Treated Fiber ◽  
High Pressure Homogenizer ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Kenaf fiber was treated with alkaline to reduce lignin content and tested under Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). FTIR result showed that peak at 1146 cm-1 which is acetyl group of lignin was reduced in treated fiber while disappearing of carbonyl group in treated kenaf fiber at 1750cm-1 was significantly shown compared to untreated kenaf fiber. Treated fiber undergoes mechanical size decrement process by high pressure homogenizer with 500bar pressure and 60 passes. Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine size and distribution of fiber. Moreover, morphology of nanofiber was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Nanofiber (3%, 5%, 8% and 10%) was mixed with PLA using internal mixer and then compressed with hot pressed to produce specimen for tensile test. Tensile strength and tensile modulus of nanocomposite with 10% of nanofiber increased by 30% and 85% respectively compared to pure PLA.

Introduction to an Approach to Performing Sustainability Quantification of Concrete Structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Břetislav Teplý ◽  
Tomáš Vymazal ◽  
Pavla Rovnaníková
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Sustainability Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Efficient sustainability management requires the use of tools that enable the quantification, measurement or comparison of material, technological and construction variants. Tools of this kind which have been developed around the world in recent years include various indicators, indexes, etc. Generally, technical, economic, ecological and socio-cultural areas must all be included. Such a tool can be used as a powerful marketing aid and as support for the transition to the “circular economy”. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) procedures are also used, alongside other approaches. LCA is a method that evaluates the life cycle of a structure from the point of view of its effect on the environment. Processes starting with the mining of mineral resources and including their transport, production and use up to their final processing as waste (recycling) are all taken into account. In addition, consideration is given to energy and raw material costs, and to environmental impact throughout the whole life cycle – e.g. through emissions. The presented contribution focuses on the quantification of sustainability connected with the use of various types of concrete with regard to their resistance against the effect of degrading influences. Sustainability factors are also determined using information regarding service life and “eco-costs”. The aim is to present a suitable methodology which can simplify decision-making concerning the design and choice of concrete mixes from a wider perspective, i.e. not only from the aspects of load-bearing capacity or durability.

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