scholarly journals Four-Dimensional Printing for Hydrogel: Theoretical Concept, 4D Materials, Shape-Morphing Way, and Future Perspectives

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3858
Author(s):  
Syed Sarim Imam ◽  
Afzal Hussain ◽  
Mohammad A. Altamimi ◽  
Sultan Alshehri
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
New Era ◽  
Shape Morphing ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Clinical Transformation ◽  
Dimensional Printing

The limitations and challenges possessed in static 3D materials necessitated a new era of 4D shape-morphing constructs for wide applications in diverse fields of science. Shape-morphing behavior of 3D constructs over time is 4D design. Four-dimensional printing technology overcomes the static nature of 3D, improves substantial mechanical strength, and instills versatility and clinical and nonclinical functionality under set environmental conditions (physiological and artificial). Four-dimensional printing of hydrogel-forming materials possesses remarkable properties compared to other printing techniques and has emerged as the most established technique for drug delivery, disease diagnosis, tissue engineering, and biomedical application using shape-morphing materials (natural, synthetic, semisynthetic, and functionalized) in response to single or multiple stimuli. In this article, we addressed a fundamental concept of 4D-printing evolution, 4D printing of hydrogel, shape-morphing way, classification, and future challenges. Moreover, the study compiled a comparative analysis of 4D techniques, 4D products, and mechanical perspectives for their functionality and shape-morphing dynamics. Eventually, despite several advantages of 4D technology over 3D technique in hydrogel fabrication, there are still various challenges to address with using current advanced and sophisticated technology for rapid, safe, biocompatible, and clinical transformation from small-scale laboratory (lab-to-bed translation) to commercial scale.

Biomedical Applications and Patents on Metallic Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Singh ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sharma ◽  
Rishabha Malviya
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Aim/Objective: The author writes the manuscript by reviewing the literatures related to the biomedical application of metallic nanoparticles. The term metal nanoparticles are used to describe the nanosized metals with the dimension within the size range of 1-100 nm. Methods: The preparation of metallic nanoparticles and their application is an influential area for research. Among various physical and chemical methods (viz. chemical reduction, thermal decomposition, etc.) for synthesizing silver nanoparticles, biological methods have been suggested as possible eco-friendly alternatives. The synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is having many problems inclusive of solvent toxicity, the formation of hazardous byproducts and consumption of energy. So it is important to design eco-friendly benign procedures for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Results: From the literature survey, we concluded that metallic nanoparticles have applications in the treatment of different diseases. Metallic nanoparticles are having a great advantage in the detection of cancer, diagnosis, and therapy. And it can also have properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-angiogenic. Conclusion: In this review, recent upcoming advancement of biomedical application of nanotechnology and their future challenges has been discussed.

scholarly journals 4D Printing of Highly Printable and Shape Morphing Hydrogels Consisted of Alginate and Methylcellulose

2021 ◽  
pp. 109699
Author(s):  
Jiahui Lai ◽  
Xinliang Ye ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Junzhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
4D Printing ◽  
Shape Morphing

scholarly journals Three-dimensional printing in cardiology: Current applications and future challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxing Luo ◽  
Jarosław Meyer-Szary ◽  
Zhongmin Wang ◽  
Robert Sabiniewicz ◽  
Yuhao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Dimensional Printing

scholarly journals Affordances for 1- to 3-year-olds’ risky play in Early Childhood Education and Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Kleppe
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
Risky Play

This article focuses on how Early Childhood Education and Care institutions provide for 1- to 3-year-olds’ risky play—a previously little researched topic—utilizing data from an exploratory, small-scale study investigating aspects of risky play in the age-group. The main findings describe how three essentially different Early Childhood Education and Care centers provide different opportunities for risky play. These environments are assessed with the theoretical concept of affordance and suggest that versatile, flexible, and complex environments and equipment—with little objective risk—are optimal for children’s risky play in this age-group. Being a new topic, the affordance assessment is discussed in relation to a standardized measurement, the Infant-Toddler Environment Rating Scale—Revised edition. Findings indicate that the two approaches partly coincide but also that there are discrepancies. Interpretations and implications are discussed.

The story of humanity and the challenge of posthumanity

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Boldizsár Simon
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
New Era ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

Today’s technological-scientific prospect of posthumanity simultaneously evokes and defies historical understanding. On the one hand, it implies a historical claim of an epochal transformation concerning posthumanity as a new era. On the other, by postulating the birth of a novel, better-than-human subject for this new era, it eliminates the human subject of modern Western historical understanding. In this article, I attempt to understand posthumanity as measured against the story of humanity as the story of history itself. I examine the fate of humanity as the central subject of history in three consecutive steps: first, by exploring how classical philosophies of history achieved the integrity of the greatest historical narrative of history itself through the very invention of humanity as its subject; second, by recounting how this central subject came under heavy criticism by postcolonial and gender studies in the last half-century, targeting the universalism of the story of humanity as the greatest historical narrative of history; and third, by conceptualizing the challenge of posthumanity against both the story of humanity and its criticism. Whereas criticism fragmented history but retained the possibility of smaller-scale narratives, posthumanity does not doubt the feasibility of the story of humanity. Instead, it necessarily invokes humanity, if only in order to be able to claim its supersession by a better-than-human subject. In that, it represents a fundamental challenge to the modern Western historical condition and the very possibility of historical narratives – small-scale or large-scale, fragmented or universal.

CircRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma: diagnosis and therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijia Su ◽  
Jinying Zhao ◽  
Huahua Su ◽  
Yanhua Wang ◽  
Wenfeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
New Biomarkers

: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the common histological subtype of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a new class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in the development of cancer. Accumulating evidence indicated that a large number of circular RNAs were found to be involved in many biological processes, including tumor initiation, proliferation and progression. These circRNAs present great potentials as new biomarkers and vital targets for disease diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we mainly focus on the differentially expressed circRNAs and their functions in the pathogenesis of LUAD, which makes it possible for the utility of circRNAs as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapy. Especially, it is helpful to develop circRNAs as crucial therapeutic targets, thus providing a promising biomedical application in the field of cancer gene therapy.

Review of long wavelength luminescent carbon-based nanomaterials: preparation, biomedical application and future challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 2814-2837
Author(s):  
Feng Huo ◽  
Wenqiong Li ◽  
Yuhang Liu ◽  
Xiaohong Liu ◽  
Chong-Yew Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Based

scholarly journals Contactless reversible 4D-printing for 3D-to-3D shape morphing

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-495
Author(s):  
Amelia Yilin Lee ◽  
Aiwu Zhou ◽  
Jia An ◽  
Chee Kai Chua ◽  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
4D Printing ◽  
3D Shape ◽  
Shape Morphing ◽  
3D Shape Morphing

4D Printing Elastic Composites for Strain-Tailored Multistable Shape Morphing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Deng ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Kianoosh Sattari ◽  
Yun Ling ◽  
Jheng-Wun Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
4D Printing ◽  
Shape Morphing ◽  
Elastic Composites

scholarly journals Illuminating dark fishing fleets in North Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (30) ◽  
pp. eabb1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyoon Park ◽  
Jungsam Lee ◽  
Katherine Seto ◽  
Timothy Hochberg ◽  
Brian A. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
New Era ◽  
Korean Waters ◽  
Resource Sustainability ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Chinese Origin ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
Transboundary Fisheries ◽  
Public Monitoring

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing threatens resource sustainability and equity. A major challenge with such activity is that most fishing vessels do not broadcast their positions and are “dark” in public monitoring systems. Combining four satellite technologies, we identify widespread illegal fishing by dark fleets in the waters between the Koreas, Japan, and Russia. We find >900 vessels of Chinese origin in 2017 and >700 in 2018 fished illegally in North Korean waters, catching an estimated amount of Todarodes pacificus approximating that of Japan and South Korea combined (>164,000 metric tons worth >$440 million). We further find ~3000 small-scale North Korean vessels fished, mostly illegally, in Russian waters. These results can inform independent oversight of transboundary fisheries and foreshadow a new era in satellite monitoring of fisheries.

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