CircRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma: diagnosis and therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijia Su ◽  
Jinying Zhao ◽  
Huahua Su ◽  
Yanhua Wang ◽  
Wenfeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
New Biomarkers

: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the common histological subtype of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a new class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in the development of cancer. Accumulating evidence indicated that a large number of circular RNAs were found to be involved in many biological processes, including tumor initiation, proliferation and progression. These circRNAs present great potentials as new biomarkers and vital targets for disease diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we mainly focus on the differentially expressed circRNAs and their functions in the pathogenesis of LUAD, which makes it possible for the utility of circRNAs as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapy. Especially, it is helpful to develop circRNAs as crucial therapeutic targets, thus providing a promising biomedical application in the field of cancer gene therapy.

scholarly journals Biogenesis, functions and clinical significance of circRNAs in gastric cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Shan ◽  
Yinfeng Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Hao ◽  
Jinning Gao ◽  
Xinzhe Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
New Biomarkers

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in the world and has high morbidity and mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with covalently linked circular structures. In recent years, plentiful circRNAs have been discovered that participate in many biological processes, including the initiation and development of tumours. Increasing evidences suggest important biological functions of circRNAs, implying that circRNAs may serve as vital new biomarkers and targets for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Among these, circRNAs are tend to aberrantly expressed and are regarded as potential biomarkers in the carcinogenesis and progression of GC. This review systematically summarised the biogenesis, biological properties and functions of circRNAs, with a focus on their relationship with GC, as well as their probable clinical implications on GC. As our cognition of the relation between circRNAs and GC deepens, more molecular mechanisms of GC progression will be discovered, and new therapeutic strategies will be used for the prevention and treatment of GC.

Exosome: An Emerging Source of Biomarkers for Human Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xu ◽  
Long-Fei Wu ◽  
Fei-Yan Deng
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Translational Medicine ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Biomarker Identification ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Exosomes are 30-120nm long endocytic membrane-derived vesicles, which are secreted by various types of cells and stably present in body fluids, such as plasma, urine, saliva and breast milk. Exosomes participate in intercellular communication. Recently accumulative studies have suggested that exosomes may serve as novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, we reviewed the biological features of exosomes, technologies for exosome isolation and identification, as well as progress in exosomal biomarker identification, highlighting the relevance of exosome to human diseases and significance and great potential in translational medicine.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Circulating Long Non-Coding RNAs in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 816-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Peng ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Bin Shan ◽  
Zhenzi Peng ◽  
Yeping Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Approximately 80% of lung cancer cases are non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities against NSCLC are ineffective due to incomplete understanding of molecular pathogenesis of NSCLC. Emerging evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can function as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. LncRNAs can control transcription, translation, and protein function via diverse mechanisms although they lack the protein coding potential. LncRNAs have attracted intense investigations on their roles in cancer. Mounting evidence indicates that lncRNAs are promising biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis for NSCLC, especially their presence in body fluids. Herein we will review recent advances in the research that explores the diagnostic and prognostic potentials of lncRNAs in NSCLC. We will also discuss emerging evidence that suggested lncRNAs as therapeutic targets in NSCLC.

A novel polypeptide from Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus inhibits the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 237 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuicui Wang ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Linyou Cheng ◽  
Jianteng Wei ◽  
Ning Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Meretrix Meretrix ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Human Lung Adenocarcinoma

A novel polypeptide (Mere15) was purified from Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange, gel filtration and reversed phase chromatography. Mere15 exhibited selective cytotoxicity to several human cancer cells. In vivo study showed that Mere15 significantly suppressed the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 xenograft in nude mice. The mechanism was associated with a G2/M phase arrest followed by apoptosis, including membrane blebbing, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, externalization of phosphatidylserine, chromosome condensation and DNA fragmentation. Western blot analysis showed that the intrinsic pathway was involved in Mere15-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that Mere15 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma.

scholarly journals Proteomic Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. BMI.S488 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vivanco ◽  
L.R. Padial ◽  
V.M. Darde ◽  
F. De La Cuesta ◽  
G. Alvarez-Llamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Novel Proteins ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Biomarkers

Biomarkers provide a powerful approach to understanding the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases. They have application in screening, diagnostic, prognostication, prediction of recurrences and monitoring of therapy. The “omics” tool are becoming very useful in the development of new biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. Among them, proteomics is especially fitted to look for new proteins in health and disease and is playing a significant role in the development of new diagnostic tools in cardiovascular diagnosis and prognosis. This review provides an overview of progress in applying proteomics to atherosclerosis. First, we describe novel proteins identified analysing atherosclerotic plaques directly. Careful analysis of proteins within the atherosclerotic vascular tissue can provide a repertoire of proteins involved in vascular remodelling and atherogenesis. Second, we discuss recent data concerning proteins secreted by atherosclerotic plaques. The definition of the atheroma plaque secretome resides in that proteins secreted by arteries can be very good candidates of novel biomarkers. Finally we describe proteins that have been differentially expressed (versus controls) by individual cells which constitute atheroma plaques (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and foam cells) as well as by circulating cells (monocytes, platelets) or novel biomarkers present in plasma.

scholarly journals Case Report: Partial Response Following Nivolumab Plus Docetaxel in a Patient With EGFR Exon 20 Deletion/Insertion (p.N771delinsGF) Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Transdifferentiated From Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Zhu ◽  
Yanyang Liu ◽  
Honglin Gao ◽  
Jiewei Liu ◽  
Qinghua Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Insertion Mutation ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Histological Transformation ◽  
Exon 20

The histological transformation from lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and p. N771delinsGF mutations in EGFR exon 20 (ex20) are exceedingly rare in non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). EGFR ex20 mutations are insensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC. Here, we present a 76-year-old male smoker harboring LUAD with a novel p. N771delinsGF deletion/insertion mutation in EGFR ex20 transdifferentiating from advanced LUSC after chemoradiotherapy. The patient presented reduced hydrothorax and relieved tightness with the treatment of nivolumab plus docetaxel and carboplatin after the failure of second-line chemotherapy. The case highlights the importance of rebiopsy and molecular retesting after the progression of lung cancer and supports the idea that the combination of immune checkpoint blockade and chemotherapy may be an attractive option for patients with EGFR ex20 mutations associated with LUSC–LUAD transformation.

Circular RNAs Serve as Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Fang ◽  
Jinchang Pan ◽  
Chengwei Zhou ◽  
Hui Tian ◽  
Jinxian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Cancer Gene Therapy ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Closed Loops ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Tissues

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that structurally form closed loops without 5'-end cap and 3'-end poly(A) tail unlike linear RNAs. CircRNAs are widely present in eukaryotic cells with the capabilities of structural stability, high abundance and cell- /tissue-specific expression. A growing body of researches suggest that the dysregulated circRNAs are intimately relevant to the occurrence and development of cancer. In this review, we mainly discuss the differentially expressed circRNAs in cancer tissues, plasma and exosomes, which makes it possible for clinicians to use certain circRNAs as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In particular, we primarily focus on circRNAs as potential therapeutic targets, which will provide promising applications in cancer gene therapy.

Higher maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase mRNA expression level is a poor prognostic factor in non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 1349-1361
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Zang ◽  
Chunyan Qian ◽  
Ye Ruan ◽  
Junwen Xie ◽  
Ting Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Mrna Expression Level ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma

Aim: To elucidate potential prognostic significance of MELK mRNA expression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients. Methods: A loop algorithm based on R software was used to select genes with the best prognostic value. Mantel–Haenszel method and functional enrichment analysis were used to perform this analysis. Results: MELK mRNA expression level in tumor tissue is significantly higher than that in normal/benign tissue (p < 0.001), and gradually increases from stage I to IV (lung adenocarcinoma: p = 0.011; lung squamous cell carcinoma: p = 0.002), and is negatively correlated with prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients (HR: 2.025 in univariate analysis; HR: 2.162 in multivariate analysis). However, it does not show a significant correlation in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. Conclusion: MELK is a poor biomarker for non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients and can potentially be used as a therapeutic target.

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