scholarly journals Advancements in Canadian Biomaterials Research in Neurotraumatic Diagnosis and Therapies

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan Chen ◽  
Angela Auriat ◽  
Tongda Li ◽  
Taisa Stumpf ◽  
Ryan Wylie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Patient Diagnosis ◽  
Axonal Tracing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Canadian Research

Development of biomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of neurotraumatic ailments has been significantly advanced with our deepened knowledge of the pathophysiology of neurotrauma. Canadian research in the fields of biomaterial-based contrast agents, non-invasive axonal tracing, non-invasive scaffold imaging, scaffold patterning, 3D printed scaffolds, and drug delivery are conquering barriers to patient diagnosis and treatment for traumatic injuries to the nervous system. This review highlights some of the highly interdisciplinary Canadian research in biomaterials with a focus on neurotrauma applications.

scholarly journals Intranasal Drug Delivery: How, Why and What for?

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaísa Pires ◽  
Ana Fortuna ◽  
Gilberto Alves ◽  
Amílcar Falcão
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Intranasal Delivery ◽  
Intranasal Drug Delivery ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nasal Anatomy ◽  
Therapeutic Compounds

Over the last decade the interest in intranasal delivery as a non-invasive route for drug administration has been exponentially increased. Since the nasal mucosa offers numerous benefits as a target issue for drug delivery, a wide variety of therapeutic compounds may be administered intranasally for topic, systemic and central nervous system action. The present paper reviews the relevant aspects of nasal anatomy, physiology and histology, and refers to the biological, physicochemical and pharmaceutical factors that must be considered during the process of discovery and development of nasal drugs as well as in their incorporation in appropriate nasal pharmaceutical formulations.

Efficiency of diagnosis and treatment non-invasive and microinvasive sgamous cell cervical cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
M.M. Melnyk ◽  
◽  
S.V. Nespradko ◽  
I.V. Goncharuk ◽  
M.V. Marchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Key Words ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
Complex Program ◽  
Early Cervical Cancer

The objective: analyse the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment for early cervical cancer. Materials and methods. Analysed 107 cases of women’s disease on CIN ІІІ, cancer in situ, they were on treatment in National cancer institute and Kyiv dictrict cancer dispensary from 2010 till 2015 years. Results. Diagnosed percent relapse CIN ІІІ, cancer in situ contain 4.57% uninvasive and invasive form – 0.94%. Conclusion. According diagnostic CIN ІІ and CIN ІІІ is recommended to do treatment conization and dynamic dispensary observation. Are making complex program of infection HPV16, 18. In appering of margins resection some elements of tumor after wider conization by forms of cancer in situ. Many of expansive burns in cervical glands, in making of reproductive function, going disease (nodel leiomyoma of corpus uteri etc). In perspective is accept the notion of looking after and screening research of considering infection HPV16, 18 on CIN І, CIN ІІ. Key words: cervical cancer, сancer in situ, CIN І–ІІІ, diagnostic, treatment, conization.

Biodegradable 3D Printed Polymer Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽  
Danielle R. Berry ◽  
John C. Reagan ◽  
Ronald A. Smaldone ◽  
Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Microfabrication Technique ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

Biodegradable polymer microneedle (MN) arrays are an emerging class of transdermal drug delivery devices that promise a painless and sanitary alternative to syringes; however, prototyping bespoke needle architectures is expensive and requires production of new master templates. Here, we present a new microfabrication technique for MNs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing using polylactic acid, an FDA approved, renewable, biodegradable, thermoplastic material. We show how this natural degradability can be exploited to overcome a key challenge of FDM 3D printing, in particular the low resolution of these printers. We improved the feature size of the printed parts significantly by developing a post fabrication chemical etching protocol, which allowed us to access tip sizes as small as 1 μm. With 3D modeling software, various MN shapes were designed and printed rapidly with custom needle density, length, and shape. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that our method resulted in needle tip sizes in the range of 1 – 55 µm, which could successfully penetrate and break off into porcine skin. We have also shown that these MNs have comparable mechanical strengths to currently fabricated MNs and we further demonstrated how the swellability of PLA can be exploited to load small molecule drugs and how its degradability in skin can release those small molecules over time.

Formulating SLN and NLC as Innovative Drug Delivery Systems for Non-Invasive Routes of Drug Administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3623-3656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Fonseca-Santos ◽  
Patrícia Bento Silva ◽  
Roberta Balansin Rigon ◽  
Mariana Rillo Sato ◽  
Marlus Chorilli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Non Invasive

Colloidal carriers diverge depending on their composition, ability to incorporate drugs and applicability, but the common feature is the small average particle size. Among the carriers with the potential nanostructured drug delivery application there are SLN and NLC. These nanostructured systems consist of complex lipids and highly purified mixtures of glycerides having varying particle size. Also, these systems have shown physical stability, protection capacity of unstable drugs, release control ability, excellent tolerability, possibility of vectorization, and no reported production problems related to large-scale. Several production procedures can be applied to achieve high association efficiency between the bioactive and the carrier, depending on the physicochemical properties of both, as well as on the production procedure applied. The whole set of unique advantages such as enhanced drug loading capacity, prevention of drug expulsion, leads to more flexibility for modulation of drug release and makes Lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs) versatile delivery system for various routes of administration. The route of administration has a significant impact on the therapeutic outcome of a drug. Thus, the non-invasive routes, which were of minor importance as parts of drug delivery in the past, have assumed added importance drugs, proteins, peptides and biopharmaceuticals drug delivery and these include nasal, buccal, vaginal and transdermal routes. The objective of this paper is to present the state of the art concerning the application of the lipid nanocarriers designated for non-invasive routes of administration. In this manner, this review presents an innovative technological platform to develop nanostructured delivery systems with great versatility of application in non-invasive routes of administration and targeting drug release.

Atherosclerosis and Nanomedicine Potential: Current Advances and Future Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (21) ◽  
pp. 3534-3554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Jiang ◽  
Yunqi Zhu ◽  
Changyang Gong ◽  
Xin Wei
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Drug Delivery ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Antiinflammatory Therapy ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

Atherosclerosis is the leading inducement of cardiovascular diseases, which ranks the first cause of global deaths. It is an arterial disease associated with dyslipidemia and changes in the composition of the vascular wall. Besides invasive surgical strategy, the current conservative clinical treatment for atherosclerosis falls into two categories, lipid regulating-based therapy and antiinflammatory therapy. However, the existing strategies based on conventional drug delivery systems have shown limited efficacy against disease development and plenty of side effects. Nanomedicine has great potential in the development of targeted therapy, controlled drug delivery and release, the design of novel specific drugs and diagnostic modalities, and biocompatible scaffolds with multifunctional characteristics, which has led to an evolution in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. This paper will focus on the latest nanomedicine strategies for atherosclerosis diagnosis and treatment as well as discussing the potential therapeutic targets during atherosclerosis progress, which could form the basis of development of novel nanoplatform against atherosclerosis.

Nanoparticle-mediated Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) in the Central Nervous System

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilong Zhang ◽  
Lukui Chen ◽  
Xiaoyuan Guo ◽  
Ahsan Khan ◽  
Yuchun Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Advanced Hydrogels Based Drug Delivery Systems for Ophthalmic Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srividya Gorantla ◽  
Tejashree Waghule ◽  
Vamshi Krishna Rapalli ◽  
Prem Prakash Singh ◽  
Sunil Kumar Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aqueous Gels ◽  
Ophthalmic Delivery ◽  
3D Printed

Hydrogels are aqueous gels composed of cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers. Stimuli-responsive based hydrogels have gained focus over the past 20 years for treating ophthalmic diseases. Different stimuli-responsive mechanisms are involved in forming polymer hydrogel networks, including change in temperature, pH, ions, and others including light, thrombin, pressure, antigen, and glucose-responsive. Incorporation of nanocarriers with these smart stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems that can extend the duration of action by increasing ocular bioavailability and reducing the dosing frequency. This review will focus on the hydrogel drug delivery systems highlighting the gelling mechanisms and emerging stimuli-responsive hydrogels from preformed gels, nanogels, and the role of advanced 3D printed hydrogels in vision-threatening diseases like age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. It also provides insight into the limitations of hydrogels along with the safety and biocompatibility of the hydrogel drug delivery systems.

scholarly journals COT-04 Circulating biomarker for glioblastoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma -Next Generation Sequencing of small noncoding RNA-

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. ii21-ii21
Author(s):  
Shumpei Onishi ◽  
Fumiyuki Yamasaki ◽  
Motoki Takano ◽  
Ushio Yonezawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnostic Models ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Objective: Glioblastoma (GBM) and Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) are common intracranial malignant tumors. They sometimes present similar radiological findings and diagnoses could be difficult without surgical biopsy. For improving the current management, development of non-invasive biomarkers are desired. In this study, we explored the differently expressed circulating small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) in serum for specific diagnostic tool of GBM and PCNSL. Material & Methods: Serum samples were obtained from three groups: 1) GBM patients (N=26), 2) PCNSL patients (N=14) 3) healthy control (N=114). The total small RNAs were extracted from serum. The whole expression profiles of serum sncRNAs were measured using Next-Generation Sequencing System. We analyzed serum levels of sncRNAs (15–55 nt) in each serum samples. The difference of sncRNAs expression profile among three groups were compared. Data analysis was performed by logistic regression analysis followed by leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). The accuracy of diagnostic models of sncRNAs combination were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: We created the combination models using three sncRNA in each models based on the logistic regression analysis. The model 1 (based on sncRNA-X1, X2 and X3) enabled to differentiate GBM patients form healthy control with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 99.2% (AUC: 0.993). The model 2 (based on sncRNA-Y1, Y2 and Y3) enabled to differentiate PCNSL patients form healthy control with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 93.9% (AUC: 0.984). The model 3 (based on sncRNA-Z1, Z2 and Z3) enabled to differentiate GBM patients form PCNSL patients with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 78.6% (AUC: 0.920). Conclusion: We found three diagnostic models of serum sncRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers potentially useful for detection of GBM and PCNSL from healthy control, and for differentiation GBM from PCNSL.

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