scholarly journals Hybrid Drying of Murraya koenigii Leaves: Energy Consumption, Antioxidant Capacity, Profiling of Volatile Compounds and Quality Studies

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choong Oon Choo ◽  
Bee Lin Chua ◽  
Adam Figiel ◽  
Klaudiusz Jałoszyński ◽  
Aneta Wojdyło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Colour Parameters

This study aims to reduce the amount of specific energy consumed during the drying of fresh Murraya koenigii leaves by comparing four drying methods: (1) convective hot-air drying (CD; 40, 50 and 60 °C); (2) single-stage microwave-vacuum drying (MVD; 6, 9 and 12 W/g); (3) two-stage convective hot-air pre-drying followed by microwave-vacuum finishing–drying (CPD-MVFD; 50 °C, 9 W/g); and (4) freeze-drying as a control in the analysis sections. The drying kinetics were also modelled using thin-layer models. The quality parameters of dried M. koenigii leaves were measured including total polyphenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (ABTS and FRAP), profiling of volatile compounds, colour analysis and water activity analysis. Results showed that CPD-MVFD effectively reduced the specific energy consumption of CD at 50 °C by 67.3% in terms of kilojoules per gram of fresh weight and 48.9% in terms of kilojoules per gram of water. The modified Page model demonstrated excellent fitting to the empirical data obtained. FD showed promising antioxidant activity. The major contributor of antioxidant capacity was TPC. The volatile compounds profiled by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, namely, β-phellandrene (31%), α-pinene (19.9%), and sabinene (16%) were identified as the major compounds of dried M. koenigii leaves. Colour analysis showed MVD’s high performance in preserving the colour parameters of M. koenigii leaves under all conditions. The colour parameters were correlated to the antioxidant capacity and TPC. Water activity analysis showed that the water activity of M. koenigii leaves for all drying methods indicating that the conditions were microbiologically and shelf-stable. Pearson correlation showed the colour parameters of the leaves had a strong correlation to TPC. Overall, MVD showed promising energy consumption reduction and recovery in TPC and volatile compounds.

Effect of microwave, infrared, and convection hot-air on drying kinetics and quality properties of okra pods

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany S. EL-Mesery ◽  
Mona A. Elabd
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Shrinkage Ratio ◽  
Hot Air

Abstract Okra pods were dried using the following drying regimes; microwave (MWD), infrared (IRD) and convective hot-air drying (CHD). The objective of this investigate was to report the influences of drying methods on okra quality under different drying conditions. Data analysis showed that rehydration ratio and colour change increased with increase in drying air temperature and air velocity while specific energy consumption and shrinkage ratio decreased with increase in drying air temperature under (CHD). The rehydration ratio and colour of dried okra increased with increase in both infrared intensity but it also increased with a decrease in air velocity under (IRD). In the MWD method, drying time, specific energy consumption and shrinkage ratio decreased with increases in microwave power while the rehydration ratio and colour increased. Optimum drying period, specific energy consumption, colour, shrinkage and rehydration ratio were obtained for microwave drying. The model of Midilli et al. is the greatest for describing the drying curves of okra under all the drying processing conditions.

scholarly journals Morphology, physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of bee pollens

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Bleha ◽  
Tatiana Shevtsova ◽  
Andrej Sinica ◽  
Vojtech Kruzik ◽  
Jan Brindza
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Botanical Origin ◽  
Colour Parameters

Six supposedly unifloral bee pollens of various botanical origins were characterised by morphometry, SEM, CIE L*a*b* colour parameters and FTIR spectroscopy. Botanical origin and homogeneity of bee pollens were verified by colour and morphology of pollen grains. Water activity, moisture and antioxidant capacity of bee pollens were also evaluated. The results were discussed in terms of connection between botanical origin, composition and antioxidant properties of pollen materials.

Evaluation of specific energy consumption and GHG emissions for different drying methods (Case study: Pistacia Atlantica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 120963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kaveh ◽  
Reza Amiri Chayjan ◽  
Ebrahim Taghinezhad ◽  
Vali Rasooli Sharabiani ◽  
Ali Motevali
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica

scholarly journals Effect of drying methods on properties of green curry powder

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03023
Author(s):  
Natthacha Chaloeichitratham ◽  
Pornkanya Mawilai ◽  
Thadchapong Pongsuttiyakorn ◽  
Pimpen Pornchalermpong
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Hot Air

In this study, the effects of two drying methods: hot-air and freeze drying for Thai green curry paste in a terms of drying time and qualities have been investigated. The hot-air drying was carried out in tray dryer at temperature of 50, 60 and 70 °C. The freeze drying was carried out in freeze dryer at freezing temperature of -20°C, primary drying temperature of -10°C and secondary drying temperature of 50°C. Moisture content, water activity, colour, bulk density, and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined in samples. Freeze dried sample had significantly (p<0.05) lower moisture content, water activity, bulk density, total colour difference and browning index than hot air dried samples. For antioxidant activity, the results showed hot-air drying at 70°C effected highest TPC similar to freeze drying.

Modeling of the Energy Consumption for Warming up of Furniture Elements during their Unilateral Convective Heating before Lacquering

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
N. Deliiski ◽  
N. Trichkov ◽  
Z. Gochev ◽  
D. Angelski
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Convective Heating ◽  
Hot Air

Abstract A mathematical model and a numerical approach for the computation of the specific energy consumption, which is needed for warming up of flat furniture elements before their lacquering, have been suggested. The approach is based on the integration of the solutions of a non-linear model for the calculation of the nonstationary 1D temperature distribution along the thickness of subjected to unilateral convective heating furniture elements. With the help of a self-prepared software program, computations have been carried out for the determination of the change in the specific energy, which is consumed by oak furniture elements with an initial temperature of 20 °C, moisture content of 8 %, thickness of 16 mm, and length of 0.6 m, 1.2 m, and 1.8 m, during their 10 min unilateral convective heating by hot air with temperature of 100 °C and velocity of 5 m·s−1.

Specific Energy Consumption Improvement with Applying Stainless Wire Mesh Porous Material for a Hot Air Dryer

2019 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Ratinun Luampon ◽  
Sungwarn Bunchan ◽  
Bundit Krittacom
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Porous Material ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Air Dryer ◽  
Drying Chamber

This research was proposed to applying stainless wire mesh porous material for specific energy consumption improvement of a hot air dryer. In experimental consist two main parts, first part was a comparison of drying with and without hot air recirculation duct. Second part was a comparison of drying with and without stainless wire mesh porous material in drying chamber and hot air recirculation duct. Tilapia was drying product, stainless wire mesh in drying chamber was constant PPI=8 and 6 layers, stainless wire mesh in hot air recirculation duct was constant PPI=8 and varied layer at 6, 8 and 12 layers and hot air recirculation ratio 40%, 60% and 80%. Experimental result was, drying with hot air recirculation duct was higher drying rate than without recirculation duct and drying rate was increased, drying time was decreased and SEC was decreased with increased hot air recirculation ratio. At recirculation ratio 80%, SEC was lowest and decreased to 54.52% compared with without recirculation duct. Therefrom, the stainless wire mesh porous materials were inserted in the drying chamber and recirculation duct at PPI=8, 6 layers and PPI=8, 12 layers, respectively and used recirculation ratio 80%, it was found that SEC was lowest and decreased as about 62.21%.

scholarly journals Investigation of some pretreatments on energy and specific energy consumption drying of black mulberry

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeili Adabi ◽  
Ali Motevali ◽  
Ali Nikbakht ◽  
Hadi Khoshtaghaza
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Ethyl Oleate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Air Convection ◽  
Air Dryer

Massive consumption of energy in drying industry makes it a matter of challenge regarding economical aspects and limited recourses. Several methods for drying including hot air convection, vacuum, infrared and hot air convection-infrared technologies were applied in order to estimate the consumed energy during the drying of mulberry fruit. Moreover, microwave heating, chemical (ethyl oleate and potassium), mechanical (ultrasonic) and blanching (hot water) pretreatments were compared. According to the Results, maximum energy consumption was recorded when no pretreatment was performed. Microwave heating in the hot air convection-infrared dryer resulted in the lowest consumption of energy. Total energy requirement decreased with the temperature in the convection dryer res. Conversely, energy increased with air velocity. The vacuum dryer consumed the highest amount of energy which was measured to be 46.95 kWh while the lowest energy was recorded with using infrared-convective dryers. Also Experimental results showed that minimum and maximum specific energy consumption in the drying of black mulberry were associated with microwave pretreatment in IR-hot air dryer and control treatment in vacuum dryer, respectively. The minimum color change (?E) for drying of black mulberry was found in microwave pretreated samples dried with the vacuum dryer, yet maximum ?E was observed in hot air dryer when no pretreatment was applied.

Drying Model, Shrinkage and Energy Consumption Evaluation of Air Dried Sheet Rubber Drying System for Small Enterprise

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 1135-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ekphon ◽  
T. Ninchuewong ◽  
S. Tirawanichakul ◽  
Y. Tirawanichakul
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Rubber Sheet ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Air Convection

The main objective of this research was to study drying kinetics of air dried sheet (ADS) rubber using hot air and simulated drying kinetics by empirical model compared to experimental results. The 10-15 fresh rubber sheet with initial moisture content ranging of 23-40% dry-basis was dried by temperature of 40-70°C and air flow rate of 0.7 m/s. The fresh rubber sheet samples were dried until the desired final moisture content reached to 0.15% dry-basis. The experimental results showed that the drying rate of ADS rubber dried with hot air convection was faster than conventional natural air convection and drying rate was related to drying temperature. The experimental data was statistical non-linear regression analyzed by using 10 conventional empirical models. The coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) values were used as the criteria for selecting the best equation to describe the experimental data The results showed that the calculated results of Verma et al.’ model had a good relation to the experimental results. For specific energy evaluation, the results showed that at high drying temperature specific energy consumption of ADS rubber was relatively low compared to drying with low temperature. Finally, the determination of physical quality showed that.

scholarly journals Effect of Drying Methods on the Physico-chemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Capacity of Taro, Sweetpotato, Stevia and Malunggay Leaves

2017 ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Inish Chris Mesias ◽  
Julie Tan ◽  
Daniel Leslie Tan ◽  
Benjamin L. Cinto
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Browning ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Physico Chemical

Fresh leaves are sensitive to high temperature so that appropriate drying method should be selected to dry leaves. This study aimed to determine the effect of drying methods on the physico-chemical characteristics and antioxidant capacity of taro (Colocasia esculenta), sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas), stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), and malunggay (Moringa oleifera) leaves. Fresh, healthy and mature leaves of taro, sweetpotato, stevia, and malunggay were subjected to solar drying, mechanical drying, and sun drying. The parameters evaluated in this study included moisture content, rehydration ratio, bulk density, water activity, total chlorophyll, antioxidant capacity, and non-enzymatic browning. Results showed that solar drying obtained the highest moisture removal capacity, rehydration ratio and water activity reduction while sun drying had the least. However, it was also with solar drying that the degree of non-enzymatic browning was the highest. Minimum bulk density was attained using solar and mechanical drying. In terms of chlorophyll content, mechanical drying had the highest. No apparent difference at p<0.05 between solar and sun drying methods was observed in terms of their effects on chlorophyll retention and antioxidant capacity. Variable effects of the different drying methods include little or no change, significant declines or enhancement of the leaves' physico-chemical and antioxidant attributes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document