scholarly journals Influence of Fermented Diets on In Vitro Survival Rate of Some Artificially Inoculated Pathogens—A Preliminary Study

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Sebastian Bunte ◽  
Birgit Keller ◽  
Bussarakam Chuppava ◽  
Josef Kamphues ◽  
Christian Visscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Preliminary Study

Improving the hygienic status of feed ingredients by biotechnological processes as fermentation is of the greatest concern. This preliminary study aimed to investigate whether there are relevant effects of fermented liquid feed (FLF) on the survival of potential pathogens in vitro. The feed (fresh basis) consisted of 50% rye, 30% rapeseed extracted meal, 10% barley and 10% wheat. Glass bottles were filled about 14.1 g water (38 °C) containing the diluted starter culture and feed (8.81 g). Fermentation led to high levels of lactate (5–7% of dry matter), low pH values (<4.0) and low levels of acetic acid (<1% of dry matter) in the FLF. The survival rate of pathogens added, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens after 6 h of controlled fermentation, was significantly reduced (<2 log10 CFU/g). The counts of Candida krusei in FLF at 3 h and 6 h post inoculation remained almost unchanged regardless of the incubation time. Even adding sodium-benzoate at a concentration of up to 0.25% in the liquid feed did not reduce the survival of C.krusei during fermentation. Based on this in vitro study, feeding of FLF seems a promising strategy to reduce pathogen transmission but has to be confirmed on natural feeds by pathogens for increasing the hygienic properties.

scholarly journals The absence of murine cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide impacts host responses enhancing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danisa M. Bescucci ◽  
Sandra T. Clarke ◽  
Catherine L. J. Brown ◽  
Valerie F. Boras ◽  
Tony Montina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Systemic Dissemination ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Cathelicidins are a class of antimicrobial peptide, and the murine cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (mCRAMP) has been demonstrated in vitro to impair Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium proliferation. However, the impact of mCRAMP on host responses and the microbiota following S. Typhimurium infection has not been determined. In this study mCRAMP−/− and mCRAMP+/+ mice (± streptomycin) were orally inoculated with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 (SA +), and impacts on the host and enteric bacterial communities were temporally evaluated. Results Higher densities of the pathogen were observed in cecal digesta and associated with mucosa in SA+/mCRAMP−/− mice that were pretreated (ST+) and not pretreated (ST−) with streptomycin at 24 h post-inoculation (hpi). Both SA+/ST+/mCRAMP−/− and SA+/ST−/mCRAMP−/− mice were more susceptible to infection exhibiting greater histopathologic changes (e.g. epithelial injury, leukocyte infiltration, goblet cell loss) at 48 hpi. Correspondingly, immune responses in SA+/ST+/mCRAMP–/− and SA+/ST−/mCRAMP–/− mice were affected (e.g. Ifnγ, Kc, Inos, Il1β, RegIIIγ). Systemic dissemination of the pathogen was characterized by metabolomics, and the liver metabolome was affected to a greater degree in SA+/ST+/mCRAMP–/− and SA+/ST−/mCRAMP–/− mice (e.g. taurine, cadaverine). Treatment-specific changes to the structure of the enteric microbiota were associated with infection and mCRAMP deficiency, with a higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Veillonellaceae observed in infected null mice. The microbiota of mice that were administered the antibiotic and infected with Salmonella was dominated by Proteobacteria. Conclusion The study findings showed that the absence of mCRAMP modulated both host responses and the enteric microbiota enhancing local and systemic infection by Salmonella Typhimurium.

Possible direct effect of diethylcarbamazine on the infective larvae of Brugia pahangi

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Yasunori Fujimaki ◽  
Masaaki Shimada ◽  
Yoshinori Mitsui ◽  
Eisaku Kimura ◽  
Yoshiki Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Foetal Bovine Serum

ABSTRACTThe direct action of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) on the infective larvae of Brugia pahangi was studied. The larvae were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with foetal bovine serum and antibiotics for 22 days. Most of the larvae remained alive for 8 days, but survival rate of larvae decreased rapidly from day 10 onwards. The larvae did not grow in the culture system. The addition of DEC did not affect the morbidity of the larvae and no difference was observed in the morphological characteristics between the larvae cultured in the presence or absence of DEC.The infective larvae were cultured in vitro for 5 days in the presence or absence of DEC, and inoculated into jirds. The animals were necropsied at intervals, and developing larvae and adult worms were recovered. When the larvae were cultured without DEC and then inoculated subcutaneously into jirds, 29.8% of the inoculum was recovered 3–15 days, and 25% 19–22 weeks, post-inoculation. However, when the larvae were exposed to DEC in vitro and inoculated into jirds, the rate of recovery was reduced to 25% 3–15 days post-inoculation and 2% after 19–22 weeks. When the control larvae cultured in vitro were inoculated intraperitoneally into jirds, 41·3% of inoculum was recovered 3–15 days, and 42·8% 19–22 weeks, post-inoculation. Again the corresponding value for larvae exposed to DEC in vitro was reduced to 19.8% 3–15 days, and 8% 19–22 weeks, post-inoculation. It was observed that the larvae exposed to DEC in vitro were retarded in their development in jirds. These results indicate that DEC has a direct action against the infective larvae of B. pahangi.

scholarly journals Non Invasive Detection of Dengue Viruses from Saliva: In vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Budi Saksono
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Dengue Viruses ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Preliminary Study

      In the previous paper, we had succeeded in developing an early detection system of dengue viruses using Sugar liganded Gold Nano Particle (SGNP) only from 6 μL serum. It has been reported that dengue virus is also detected in the saliva and urine of the patient. The evidences lead to the possibility of developing non-invasive methods of dengue virus detection. In this in vitro study, we evaluated the utility of SGNP to capture and concentrate dengue virion in 10% saliva solution. The results showed that dengue virion was successfully detected in 10% of saliva solution. Analysis of virion stability during storage showed that virions in salivary samples were stable up to 3 days at temperature wherease the RNA has significantly degraded. Although still a preliminary study, the data obtained show the prospect of SGNP as a non-invasive dengue virus detection method, as well as the development of POC (Point of Care) method. Clinical trials using saliva from dengue viruses infected patients need to be done to prove the effectiveness of the SGNP method.

scholarly journals Optimizing the safety of intradiscal platelet-rich plasma: an in vitro study with Cutibacterium acnes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 955-967
Author(s):  
Meredith H Prysak ◽  
Cole G Lutz ◽  
Tyler A Zukofsky ◽  
Jordan M Katz ◽  
Peter A Everts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Intradiscal Injection ◽  
Leukocyte Counts

Aim: The most common risk associated with intradiscal injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is discitis with Cutibacterium acnes. It is hypothesized that antimicrobial activity of PRP can be enhanced through inclusion of leukocytes or antibiotics in the injectate. Materials & methods: Multiple PRP preparations of varying platelet and leukocyte counts were co-cultured with C. acnes with or without cefazolin, with viable bacterial colony counts being recovered at 0, 4, 24 and 48 hours post-inoculation. Results: A direct correlation between C. acnes recovery and granulocyte counts were observed. Conclusion: We observed the greatest antimicrobial activity with the leukocyte-rich, high platelet PRP preparation combined with an antibiotic in the injectate. However, cefazolin did not completely clear the bacteria in this assay.

A modified semi-automated technique for in vitro assessment of encrustation of materials

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Gepi-Attee ◽  
R C L Feneley
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrography ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Infected Urine ◽  
Automated Technique ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Edx Microanalysis

In vitro study of encrustation is an important part of assessment of materials as potential alloplasts or devices in the urinary tract. This modified semi-automated technique comprises a circular reaction chamber with an encrustation mixture, the level of which is controlled by a float switch which operates the exit peristaltic pump. The composition of the reactants used simulates infected urine with alkaline pH. Results of a preliminary study of the deposits by scanning electron micrography (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis are consistent with struvite and hydroxyapatite, similar to the main minerals deposited on urinary catheters. It is a relatively simple, effective and inexpensive set-up for study of encrustation on materials.

Survival rate of lactobacilli during digestion. An in vitro study

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2543-2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Alm ◽  
Lennart Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study

In vitro study of the pulmonary translocation of nanoparticlesA preliminary study

2006 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J GEYS ◽  
L COENEGRACHTS ◽  
J VERCAMMEN ◽  
Y ENGELBORGHS ◽  
A NEMMAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Nutritional potentials and in vitro estimation of composite cocoa pod husk-based diets for ruminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Cassava Peel

Abstract Background The use of cocoa pod husk in livestock nutrition is being limited because of its fibrous nature and anti-nutrients, which have detrimental effect(s) on the animals. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value and effects of replacing urea-treated ensiled cocoa pod husk meal (urea-treated CPHM) with cassava peel in a complete concentrate diet (CCD) on in vitro digestibility and methane (CH4) production. Methods Urea-treated CPHM was prepared by soaking the raw milled pod in 5% urea solution under anaerobic condition for 7 days, and decanted and the filtrates were further ensiled for 28 days, dried, and were replaced with cassava peel meal in CCD at 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15% on part basis. Feed samples (n = 3) were analyzed for chemical composition, and data generated from in vitro study were subjected to statistical analysis in a completely randomized design experiment. Results Results revealed that the treatment significantly reduced the crude fiber, fiber fraction contents, and anti-nutrients and improved the crude protein content of the pod by 71.84%. Dry matter and crude protein of the diets ranged from 89.34–89.71% and 10.52–12.84%, respectively. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) increased with increasing levels of urea-treated CPHM in the diets. With increasing levels of urea-treated CPHM, CH4 production relatively reduced as compared to diet E. Metabolizable energy (5.66 Kcal/g) of diet F was the highest. Therefore, the inclusion of urea-treated CPHM at 15% in CCDs has the potential for improving digestibility and reducing CH4 production in ruminants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document