Inhibition of Blockage by Ice Crystal in Water in a Micro-Channel by Using Antifreeze Protein

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimichi Hagiwara ◽  
Yosuke Ohnishi ◽  
Daichi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Temperature Changes

Experiments have been conducted into the freezing of water flow and the aqueous solution flow of winter flounder antifreeze protein in a micro-channel of 0.15mm in height, 1.2mm in width and 21mm in length. The local temperature is measured with a sheathed thermocouple of 0.1mm in diameter. Nearly flat interfaces, parallel to the cooling sidewall of the channel, are observed in the case of pure water regardless of flow rate. On the other hand, serrated interfaces are observed in the case of protein solution flow regardless of flow rate. The decreasing rate of the temperature changes when the interface reaches the thermocouple. Around this instant, a slight increase in the temperature is observed due to supercooling release. In the case of local cooling, the interface becomes more serrated as the flow rate increases. This is because the interaction between the interface and the protein continuously approaching the interface due to the flow occurs more frequently with an increase in the flow rate.

scholarly journals Ice Growth Suppression in the Solution Flows of Antifreeze Protein and Sodium Chloride in a Mini-Channel

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Kazuya Taira ◽  
Tomonori Waku ◽  
Yoshimichi Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Interface Velocity ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Cold Energy

The control of ice growth inside channels of aqueous solution flows is important in numerous fields, including (a) cold-energy transportation plants and (b) the preservation of supercooled human organs for transplantation. A promising method for this control is to add a substance that influences ice growth in the flows. However, limited results have been reported on the effects of such additives. Using a microscope, we measured the growth of ice from one sidewall toward the opposite sidewall of a mini-channel, where aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and antifreeze protein flowed. Our aim was to considerably suppress ice growth by mixing the two solutes. Inclined interfaces, the overlapping of serrated interfaces, and interfaces with sharp and flat tips were observed in the cases of the protein-solution, salt-solution, and mixed-solution flows, respectively. In addition, it was found that the average interface velocity in the case of the mixed-solution flow was the lowest and decreased by 64% compared with that of pure water. This significant suppression of the ice-layer growth can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the ions and antifreeze protein on the diffusion of protein.

Local Temperature and Heat Flux in the Aqueous Solution of Antifreeze Protein Near Ice Surfaces in a Narrow Space

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimichi Hagiwara ◽  
Daichi Yamamoto ◽  
Yosuke Ohnishi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Interface Velocity ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
Heat Of Fusion ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
The Difference

Experiments have been conducted into the unidirectional freezing of an aqueous solution of winter flounder antifreeze protein 0.02mm thick. It is confirmed that the instantaneous temperature field can be measured with a near-infrared camera. It is found that the difference between the conduction heat flux of pure water near the interface and that of ice is approximately equal to the heat flux for solidification, which is the product of ice density, interface velocity and the latent heat of fusion. The sum of the conduction heat flux of protein solution near the front edge of the serrated interface and the heat flux for solidification is approximately equal to the conduction heat flux of ice. On the other hand, the sum of the conduction heat flux of protein solution near the bottom edge of the serrated interface and the heat flux for solidification is much higher than the conduction heat flux of ice.

Utilization of Waste of Enzymes Biomass as Biosorbent for the Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solution in Batch and Fluidized Bed Column

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Salman H. Abbas ◽  
Younis M. Younis ◽  
Mohammed K. Hussain ◽  
Firas Hashim Kamar ◽  
Gheorghe Nechifor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Flow

The biosorption performance of both batch and liquid-solid fluidized bed operations of dead fungal biomass type (Agaricusbisporus ) for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution was investigated. In batch system, the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of dead fungal biomass were evaluated. In fluidized bed system, the experiments were conducted to study the effects of important parameters such as particle size (701-1400�m), initial dye concentration(10-100 mg/L), bed depth (5-15 cm) and solution flow rate (5-20 ml/min) on breakthrough curves. In batch method, the experimental data was modeled using several models (Langmuir,Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkviechmodels) to study equilibrium isotherms, the experimental data followed Langmuir model and the results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity obtained was (28.90, 24.15, 21.23 mg/g) at mean particle size (0.786, 0.935, 1.280 mm) respectively. In Fluidized-bed method, the results show that the total ion uptake and the overall capacity will be decreased with increasing flow rate and increased with increasing initial concentrations, bed depth and decreasing particle size.

Effect of pre-swirl nozzle closure modes on unsteady flow and heat transfer characteristics in a pre-swirl system of aero-engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441002110191
Author(s):  
Gaowen Liu ◽  
Zhao Lei ◽  
Aqiang Lin ◽  
Qing Feng ◽  
Yan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Circumferential Direction ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Cooling Air

The pre-swirl system is of great importance for temperature drop and cooling air supply. This study aims to investigate the influencing mechanism of heat transfer, nonuniform thermodynamic characteristics, and cooling air supply sensitivity in a pre-swirl system by the application of the flow control method of the pre-swirl nozzle. A novel test rig was proposed to actively control the supplied cooling air mass flow rate by three adjustable pre-swirl nozzles. Then, the transient problem of the pre-swirl system was numerically conducted by comparison with 60°, 120°, and 180° rotating disk cavity cases, which were verified with the experiment results. Results show that the partial nozzle closure will aggravate the fluctuation of air supply mass flow rate and temperature. When three parts of nozzles are closed evenly at 120° in the circumferential direction, the maximum value of the nonuniformity coefficient of air supply mass flow rate changes to 3.1% and that of temperature changes to 0.25%. When six parts of nozzles are closed evenly at 60° in the circumferential direction, the maximum nonuniformity coefficient of air supply mass flow rate changes to 1.4% and that of temperature changes to 0.20%. However, different partial nozzle closure modes have little effect on the average air supply parameters. Closing 14.3% of the nozzle area will reduce the air supply mass flow rate by 9.9% and the average air supply temperature by about 1 K.

Pressure Drop Measurements for Air Flow Through Open-Cell Aluminum Foam

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihad Dukhan ◽  
Angel Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Turbulent Regime ◽  
Thick Sample ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Two Samples

Wind-tunnel pressure drop measurements for airflow through two samples of forty-pore-per-inch commercially available open-cell aluminum foam were undertaken. Each sample’s cross-sectional area perpendicular to the flow direction measured 10.16 cm by 24.13 cm. The thickness in the flow direction was 10.16 cm for one sample and 5.08 cm for the other. The flow rate ranged from 0.016 to 0.101 m3/s for the thick sample and from 0.025 to 0.134 m3/s for the other. The data were all in the fully turbulent regime. The pressure drop for both samples increased with increasing flow rate and followed a quadratic behavior. The permeability and the inertia coefficient showed some scatter with average values of 4.6 × 10−8 m2 and 2.9 × 10−8 m2, and 0.086 and 0.066 for the thick and the thin samples, respectively. The friction factor decayed with the Reynolds number and was weakly dependent on the Reynolds number for Reynolds number greater than 35.

Experimental and Numerical Study of Methanol-Water Mixture Single-Phase Heat Transfer in a Micro-Channel Heat Sink

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun K. Kwok ◽  
Matthew M. Asada ◽  
Jonathan R. Mita ◽  
Weilin Qu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
Numerical Predictions

This paper presents an experimental study of single-phase heat transfer characteristics of binary methanol-water mixtures in a micro-channel heat sink containing an array of 22 microchannels with 240μm × 630μm cross-section. Pure water, pure methanol, and five methanol-water mixtures with methanol molar fraction of 16%, 36%, 50%, 63% and 82% were tested. Key parametric trends were identified and discussed. The experimental study was complemented by a three-dimensional numerical simulation. Numerical predictions and experimental data are in good agreement with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.87%.

scholarly journals PSV-7 Effects of drying and oxygenation of piglets at birth on rectal temperatures in the early post-natal period

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
Katherine Vande Pol ◽  
Naomi Cooper ◽  
Andres Tolosa ◽  
Michael Ellis ◽  
Richard Gates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Oxygen Treatment ◽  
Birth Data

Abstract Piglets often experience hypothermia early after birth. Previous research has suggested that drying piglets and administration of oxygen (a potential treatment for asphyxiation) at birth may increase post-natal rectal temperatures. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of drying and administering oxygen at birth on piglet rectal temperature over the first 24 h after birth. The study, conducted at a commercial facility, used a CRD with 42 sows/litters randomly allotted at start of farrowing to 3 treatments (applied at birth): Control (no drying or oxygenation); Dried (using a cellulose-based desiccant); Dried+Oxygen [dried and placed in a chamber (40% oxygen) for 20 min]. At birth, piglets were weighed and uniquely identified. Rectal temperature was measured at 0, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 1440 min after birth. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Litter was the experimental unit; piglet was a subsample of litter. The statistical model included effects of treatment, time of measurement, and the interaction. Both the Dried and Dried+Oxygen treatments had greater (P < 0.05) rectal temperatures than the Control between 20 and 120 min. However, the Dried+Oxygen treatment had lower (P < 0.05) rectal temperatures than the Dried treatment between 20 and 60 minutes. Temperatures at 1440 min were lower (P < 0.05) for the Dried+Oxygen than the other treatments; however, differences were small. In conclusion, drying piglets at birth increased rectal temperatures over the first 2 h after birth. The combination of drying piglets at birth and placement in an oxygen chamber for 20 min was less effective at moderating post-natal temperature changes than drying alone. Further research on piglet oxygenation is necessary to understand the reason for these reduced temperatures, and whether this treatment affects pre-weaning mortality. This research was funded by the National Pork Board.

scholarly journals Synthetic insect antifreeze peptides modify ice crystal growth habit

CrystEngComm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 2163-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Z. Kong ◽  
Ivanhoe K. H. Leung ◽  
Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Antifreeze Peptides ◽  
Antifreeze Activity

Synthetic antifreeze peptides based on the hyperactive antifreeze protein modify the shape of ice crystals and show enhanced antifreeze activity with the addition of a small molecule.

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