scholarly journals Dealing with Ethical Issues in Countering Violent Extremism (CVE): An Exploration of Concepts and Tools to Support CVE Programs and Practitioners

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Michael Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
The Political ◽  
Moral Case Deliberation ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Ethics Support ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Ethical Approaches

Countering violent extremism (CVE) implies many pressing ethical issues. For policymakers and professionals, it is essential to identify concrete ethical dilemmas and to understand the underlying more abstract ethical issues. The proposed typology of ethical issues consists of four different levels: the structural, the political, the professional, and the personal levels. Ethical issues on the structural level are rooted in the conditions of the world risk society, such as the morality of CVE and counterterrorism in general or its fundamental inconsistencies. On the political level, the phenomenon of the state of emergency, the politicization of CVE and counterterrorism, the legitimacy of state interventions, and the tension between secrecy and transparency all play a role. Professional values can conflict with organizational interests on the professional level. Finally, on the personal level, integrity can come under pressure due to conflicting values. An exploration of the benefits for counterterrorism practitioners of the consequentialist, deontological, and virtue-ethical approaches concludes that none of them offers a sound approach to the practice of counterterrorism in a liquid world risk society. This provides an opportunity to highlight the potential of the philosophical concept of “compromise” (Benjamin) in reconciling opposing principles and underlying values of the key ethical approaches. A major source of guidance and inspiration for compromise is phronesis, or practical wisdom. Another powerful concept is the ethics triangle (Svara). This ethics triangle implies that public administrators should strive towards a balance of virtue, principle, and good consequences, all seen from the perspective of the duty of the public interest. There are several ethics tools available that can inform the design of CVE programs and support dealing with the various types of ethical issues once a CVE program is started. First, it is useful to engage in a closer analysis and value clarification of the ethical issues at stake. Second, the already established tool of privacy impact assessment represents an inspirational point of departure for a broader ethics impact assessment. Third, the institutionalization of ethics support in the field of CVE can be realized by the establishment of ethics committees, the appointment of ethics advisors or ethics rapporteurs, or the installation of reflection groups. Fourth, the implementation of tools of ethics support like moral case deliberation can empower CVE professionals to deal with ethical issues. It can also improve their decision making, support collective learning, and contribute to the development of policies and guidelines in the field of CVE and counterterrorism. Last, but not least, evaluating CVE programs can benefit from taking ethical issues into account. Moving beyond mandatory rituals of ethics checks can lead to an in-depth engagement with professionals and stakeholders within CVE programs and a re-adjustment and fine-tuning of programs if necessary. In the long run, the integration of ethics into the design, implementation, and evaluation of CVE programs can strengthen the legitimacy of these programs among targeted communities, professionals, and societies at large.

scholarly journals What healthcare teams find ethically difficult

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 825-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara Rasoal ◽  
Annica Kihlgren ◽  
Inger James ◽  
Mia Svantesson
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Moral Case Deliberation ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Healthcare Teams ◽  
Ethics Support ◽  
Moral Case ◽  
Interprofessional Healthcare ◽  
Difficult Situations

Background: Ethically difficult situations are frequently encountered by healthcare professionals. Moral case deliberation is one form of clinical ethics support, which has the goal to support staff to manage ethical difficulties. However, little is known which difficult situations healthcare teams need to discuss. Aim: To explore which kinds of ethically difficult situations interprofessional healthcare teams raise during moral case deliberation. Research design: A series of 70 moral case deliberation sessions were audio-recorded in 10 Swedish workplaces. A descriptive, qualitative approach was applied, using thematic content analysis. Ethical considerations: An advisory statement specifying no objections to the study was provided from an Ethical Review Board, and consent to be recorded was assumed by virtue of participation in the moral case deliberation. Findings: Three themes emerged: powerlessness over managing difficult interactions with patients and next-of-kin, unease over unsafe and unequal care, and uncertainty over who should have power over care decisions. The powerlessness comprised feelings of insufficiency, difficulties to respond or manage patient’s/next-of-kin’s emotional needs or emotional outbursts and discouragement over motivating patients not taking responsibility for themselves. They could be uncertain over the patient’s autonomy, who should have power over life and death, disclosing the truth or how much power next-of-kin should have. Discussion: The findings suggest that the nature of the ethically difficult situations brought to moral case deliberations contained more relational-oriented ethics than principle-based ethics, were permeated by emotions and the uncertainties were pervaded by power aspects between stakeholders. Conclusion: MCD can be useful in understanding the connection between ethical issues and emotions from a team perspective.

‘Who Ya Gonna Call …?’ Ethical and legal dilemmas in specialist children centres and district general hospitals

2021 ◽  
pp. 147775092110366
Author(s):  
Harika Avula ◽  
Mariana Dittborn ◽  
Joe Brierley
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
General Setting ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Paediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Ethics Support ◽  
The Uk

The field of Paediatric Bioethics, or ethical issues applied to children's healthcare, is relatively new but has recently gained an increased professional and public profile. Clinical ethics support to health professionals and patients who face ethical challenges in clinical practice varies between and within institutions. Literature regarding services available to paediatricians is sparse in specialist tertiary centres and almost absent in general paediatrics. We performed a mixed-methods study using online surveys and focus groups to explore the experiences of ethical and legal dilemmas and the support structures available to (i) paediatric intensive care teams as a proxy for specialist children's centres and (ii) paediatricians working in the general setting in the UK. Our main findings illustrate the broad range of ethical and legal challenges experienced by both groups in daily practice. Ethics training and the availability of ethics support were variable in structure, processes, funding and availability, e.g., 70% of paediatric intensive care consultants reported access to formal ethics advice versus 20% general paediatricians. Overall, our findings suggest a need for ethics support and training in both settings. The broad experience reported of ethics support, where it existed, was good – though improvements were suggested. Many clinicians were concerned about their relationship with children and families experiencing a challenging ethical situation, partly as a result of high-profile recent legal cases in the media. Further research in this area would help collect a broader range of views to inform clinical ethics support's development to better support paediatric teams, children and their families.

scholarly journals Comparative Life Cycle Impact Assessment between the Productions of Zinc from Conventional Concentrates Versus Waelz Oxides Obtained from Slags

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Voicu-Teodor Muica ◽  
Alexandru Ozunu ◽  
Zoltàn Török
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Impact Assessment ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Zinc Metal ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Life Cycle Impact

(1) Background: The importance of Zinc in today’s world can hardly be exaggerated—from anticorrosion properties, to its durability, aesthetic, and even medicinal uses—zinc is ever-present in our daily lives ever since its discovery in ancient times. The natural, essential, durable, and recyclable features of zinc make it a prized material with uses in many applications across a wide array of fields. The purpose of this study was to compare two life cycle impact assessments of zinc production by using two different main raw materials: (A) zinc concentrates (sulfide ore) and (B) Waelz oxides (obtained through recycling existing imperial smelting process furnace slags). The Waelz oxide scenario was based on a case study regarding the existing slag deposit located in Copsa Mica town, Sibiu county, Romania. (2) Methods: consequential life cycle impact assessment methods were applied to each built system, with real process data obtained from the case study enterprise. (3) Results: Overall, the use of slags in the Waelz kiln to produce zinc oxides for use in the production of zinc metal is beneficial to the environment in some areas (acidification, water, and terrestrial eutrophication), whereas in other areas it has a slightly larger impact (climate change, photochemical ozone formation, and ozone depletion). (4) Conclusions: The use of slags (considered a waste) is encouraged to produce zinc metal, where available. The results are not absolute, suggesting the further need for fine-tuning the input data and other process parameters.

“Don’t You See What’s Going on Here?” Seinfeld and Badiou on Situations and Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-509
Author(s):  
Rohan Kalyan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Situation Comedy ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
American Television

Far from being merely “a show about nothing,” this article argues that the American television sitcom Seinfeld (1989-1998) managed to develop a sophisticated theory of situations and events in modern life. The show explored a rich and humorous multiplicity of everyday situations and events that took its main characters and audience members alike to the very limits of their conventional lives. Yet Seinfeld consistently stopped short of raising larger political stakes in these explorations. In other words, Seinfeld never took its critique of everyday modern life to a structural level, that is, to the historical forces and social relations that shape contemporary situations and events. By bringing Seinfeld into an intellectual encounter with communist philosopher Alain Badiou’s work on situations and events, I argue that we can gain a deeper appreciation of both sides and rethink the political and aesthetic potential of situation comedy.

Heart Transplantation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-596
Author(s):  
F. JAY FRICKER ◽  
LARRY M. GOLD
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Inotropic Support ◽  
Orthotopic Heart Transplantation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Political Economic

In Reply.— The authors would like to thank Mr. Lantos for his comments. The political, economic, and ethical issues raised are important ones but obviously not the focus of our paper. We will, however, provide additional information in an attempt to answer some of Mr Lantos' questions. The question about what encouraged us to start is easy to answer. An 8-year-old child languishing in our intensive care unit on IV inotropic support with no hope of survival was the first orthotopic heart transplantation performed at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.

Ethical Issues in the Care of Newborn Infants

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
William B. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
The Political ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Baby Doe ◽  
Derivatives Of

Some of the difficulties of obtaining surrogate decisions that are in the children's best interests, the extension of this problem to the newborn period, and the political and social derivatives of these difficulties have been reviewed. The 1984 child abuse and neglect amendments have been summarized and their impact on the care of newborns has been discussed. The outcomes of this entire process have been described and the potential extension of these issues to the prenatal period has been mentioned. Although not everything that has transpired or will transpire as the result of the Baby Doe issue is salutary, it seems likely that the care of newborn infants has changed and will continue to change, and these changes will ultimately impact on medical care for everyone.

scholarly journals Religious Engagement and the Migration Issue: Towards Reconciling Political and Moral Duty

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Joanna Kulska
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Religious Engagement ◽  
The Face ◽  
Religious Actors

The increasingly acknowledged post-secular perspective has resulted in the emergence of some new approaches theorizing this phenomenon. One such approach has been the concept of religious engagement, which calls for the redefinition of the perception of religious non-state actors towards including them as important partners in the process of identifying and realizing political goals. According to this view, due to the multidimensional role played by religious communities and non-state religious actors, they need to be recognized as pivotal in creating a new form of knowledge generated through encounter and dialogue of the political decision-makers with these subjects. Among numerous others, the challenge of migration calls for enhanced debate referring to both political and ethical issues. When such a perspective is applied, the question is raised of the duties and limits of nation-states using more or less harsh political measures towards refugees and migrants based on the concept of security, but also short-term political goals. In the face of a state’s lack of will or capacity to deal with the problem of migration, the question of religion serving not only as the service-provider but also as the “trend-setter” with regard to fundamental ethical questions needs to be considered.

scholarly journals Managing ethical issues in patient care and the need for clinical ethics support

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Doran ◽  
Jennifer Fleming ◽  
Christopher Jordens ◽  
Cameron L Stewart ◽  
Julie Letts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Clinical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Clinical Ethics Support ◽  
Ethical Environment ◽  
Ethics Support ◽  
A Priority

Objective To investigate the range, frequency and management of ethical issues encountered by clinicians working in hospitals in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted of a convenience sample of 104 medical, nursing and allied health professionals in two NSW hospitals. Results Some respondents did not provide data for some questions, therefore the denominator is less than 105 for some items. Sixty-two (62/104; 60%) respondents reported occasionally to often having ethical concerns. Forty-six (46/105; 44%) reported often to occasionally having legal concerns. The three most common responses to concerns were: talking to colleagues (96/105; 91%); raising the issue in a group forum (68/105; 65%); and consulting a relevant guideline (64/105; 61%). Most respondents were highly (65/99; 66%) or moderately (33/99; 33%) satisfied with the ethical environment of the hospital. Twenty-two (22/98; 22%) were highly satisfied with the ethical environment of their department and 74 (74/98; 76%) were moderately satisfied. Most (72/105; 69%) respondents indicated that additional support in dealing with ethical issues would be helpful. Conclusion Clinicians reported frequently experiencing ethical and legal uncertainty and concern. They usually managed this by talking with colleagues. Although this approach was considered adequate, and the ethics of their hospital was reported to be satisfactory, most respondents indicated that additional assistance with ethical and legal concerns would be helpful. Clinical ethics support should be a priority of public hospitals in NSW and elsewhere in Australia. What is known about the topic? Clinicians working in hospitals in the US, Canada and UK have access to ethics expertise to help them manage ethical issues that arise in patient care. How Australian clinicians currently manage the ethical issues they face has not been investigated. What does this paper add? This paper describes the types of ethical issues faced by Australian clinicians, how they manage these issues and whether they think ethics support would be helpful. What are the implications for practitioners? Clinicians frequently encounter ethically and legally difficult decisions and want additional ethics support. Helping clinicians to provide ethically sound patient care should be a priority of public hospitals in NSW and elsewhere in Australia.

Moral case deliberation

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Y B Tan ◽  
Bastiaan C ter Meulen ◽  
Albert Molewijk ◽  
Guy Widdershoven
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Moral Case Deliberation ◽  
Ethics Support ◽  
Moral Case ◽  
Moral Damage ◽  
Dilemma Method

Ethical dilemmas in general are characterised by a choice between two mutually excluding options neither of which is satisfactory, because there always will be a form of moral damage. Within the context of medicine several ethics support services have been developed to support healthcare professionals in dealing with ethical dilemmas, including moral case deliberation. In this article, we describe how moral case deliberation works in daily practice, illustrated with a case example from the neurology ward. The article is meant as an introduction to moral case deliberation according to the dilemma method. We show its relevance to the clinic and the context needed to put it into practice.

Conclusion

War Tourism ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
Bertram M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Second World

The study of memory tourism to war sites should not exclude the study of tourism during wartime. Both are components of war tourism, imparting meaning to war for both victors and vanquished. Both reflect their eras, whether through the gazes of the curious individual or the political and economic configurations sustaining the tourism industry. Germans who described a newfound appreciation of their homeland after touring occupied France show how tourism worked in two directions, impacting not only on the sites visited but also the self-image of the visitor. Local governments in France now reach a larger tourism public with new technology. A powerful hold of Second World War imagery in France continues to face ethical issues of sustainability and trivialization.

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