scholarly journals Barriers to Household Waste Recycling: Empirical Evidence from South Africa

Recycling ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma Strydom
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Local Evidence ◽  
The One ◽  
The Unemployed

A small percentage of South Africans regularly recycle most of their recyclables, which was only 4% and 7.2% in 2010 and 2015, respectively. This empirical quantitative study, the first study on this scale in South Africa, aimed to ascertain the reasons why people do not recycle. This paper reports the results from a survey conducted among a representative sample of 2004 respondents in eleven of South Africa’s large urban areas. Each respondent selected three main reasons why people do not recycle from ten possible options as well as the one main reason. The results show that (i) insufficient space, (ii) no time, (iii) dirty and untidiness associated with recycling, (iv) lack of recycling knowledge, and (v) inconvenient recycling facilities are perceived as the main reasons why people do not recycle. Non-recycling households (74% of the respondents) give high priority to time and knowledge. Low recyclers—those that sporadically recycle few items—and young South Africans give high priority to services (inconvenient facilities and no curbside collection). Lack of knowledge is an important factor for people from dense settlements as well as the unemployed looking for work. Improved recycling services such as regular curbside collections have the potential to overcome time and space barriers. Recycling services as well as recycling knowledge will have to improve to encourage the youth, the unemployed, and those living in informal areas to recycle and realize the opportunities locked in the waste sector. The perceptions of respondents from non-recycling households differ from those from recycling households. The larger representation of non-recyclers in developing countries emphasize the importance of understanding local evidence when comparing and implementing results from developed countries. The learning from this study could also assist other developing countries to encourage household participation in recycling initiatives.

scholarly journals The Economic Roots of Anti-immigrant Prejudice in the Global South: Evidence from South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Harris ◽  
Michael G. Findley ◽  
Daniel L. Nielson ◽  
Kennard L. Noyes
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
List Experiment ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Threat Theory

Most research in developed countries on prejudice toward foreign-born minorities suggests that cultural rather than economic threat motivates xenophobia. Prior studies leave unanswered questions about the origins of anti-immigrant prejudice in developing countries, where one-third of worldwide immigration occurs. Alternatively, developing-country research simply assumes that economic threat drives prejudice in the global South but has not presented credible empirical evidence. In this study, we seek to reliably measure anti-immigrant prejudice and examine possible determinants of prejudice and prejudice-based voting behavior. Through a list experiment conducted on a random sample of South Africans ( N = 1,088), we investigate the predictive power of economic threat theory in explaining prejudice toward immigrants in South Africa. The results show that significant prejudice toward immigrants exists among South Africans and that such prejudice is higher among the unemployed, but these sentiments do not seem to influence vote choice. The evidence suggests that the determinants of anti-immigrant sentiments due to South-South migration are distinct from South-North migration.

Wealth and governance in unstable states : South Africa as a context for Mancur Olson's theory of collective action

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Pamela E. Kelrick
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Analyses

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Mancur Olson's theory of collective action has primarily been construed and applied to developed countries with formal economies and (generally) socio-political stability. Yet, he asserted that his theory of collective action would apply in developing countries, even those which are far less stable. This study examined Olson's assertion that collective action applies in developing countries, using South Africa as a case study. The empirical analyses included canonical correlation analysis and generalized additive models, using attribute, spatial, and temporal data to understand the spatial and temporal dynamics between wealth and governance in South Africa. Geographic clustering by race and economic class remains persistent despite democratic reforms and improved governance engagement. In addition, findings of the empirical analyses were used to evaluate Olson's theory of collective action and frame the policy implications. Collective action is consistent with findings, but, in the context of developing countries, ought to include more prominent considerations of path dependency, increasing returns, and historical institutionalism.

scholarly journals Ensuring Sustainable Urban Transformation in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
B. Setiawan ◽  
Tri Mulyani Sunarharum
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Third World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Third World

Of the many important events that occurred in the two decades of the 21st century, the process of accelerating urbanization—especially in third-world countries—became something quite phenomenal. It's never even happened before. In the early 2000s, only about 45 percent of the population in the third world lived in urban areas, by 2020 the number had reached about 55 percent. Between now and 2035 the percentage of the population living in urban areas will reach about 85 percent in developed countries. Meanwhile, in developing countries will reach about 65 percent. By 2035, it is also projected that about 80 percent of the world's urban population will live in developing countries' cities.

scholarly journals PERAN STRATEGIS PENERAPAN KONSEP SISTER CITY DALAM MENCIPTAKAN SURABAYA GREEN-CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Inggang Perwangsa Nuralam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
City Development ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Complex Activities ◽  
Green City

Indonesia has many big cities with dynamic urbanization trend, increased economic growth and activities, rapid population growth, and dense populations such as Jakarta, Bandung, Medan, Surabaya and Balikpapan. As a result, the complex activities of people in urban areas need space and these needs cause environmental degradation, such as the practice of throwing garbage that is not in place. To prevent this in the future, it is important for developing countries like Indonesia to have benchmarks. Benchmarks for developing countries can come from developed countries. So far inter-city development usually has partnerships with cities abroad, including the sister city concept. Sister city practices can be used by cities in Indonesia for the development of good practices. The collaboration of Surabaya (Indonesia) with Kitakyushu (Japan) focuses a lot on creating urban planning that is environmentally sound or commonly known as green city or eco-city.

scholarly journals Emerging Frontier of Prehistory and Burning Issues of its Study in Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Som Prasad Khatiwada
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Price ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
The People ◽  
The One

Many more prehistoric locations and material remains of man’s past are identified from different part of the world from the scholars of developed countries. In the one hand great amount of facilities and resources provided by their governments and related institutions, scholars of developed countries are working continuously in the field of archaeology and prehistory. Besides this the developing countries are struggling for physical development of the country with low amount of resources and they are incapable to allocate national budget for such studies and the scholars and researchers are badly suffered with low income level and high price for livelihood resulting low level of research capabilities. In this context research work on archaeology and prehistory is far away for them and many more prehistoric sites are still hidden under the geological strata of developing countries. There is a great danger of manipulation in data, possibility of forgery like Piltdown forgery and possible damage of megalithic graves for finding antiquities by tomb hunters. Damage of prehistoric sites, tombs and shelters is a great loss for human being not only for related countries, but for the people of the whole world. Therefore, need of collaborative research among the scholars of developed and underdeveloped countries is must for the development of anthropology in global context. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/researcher.v1i1.8375   Researcher: A Research Journal of Culture and Society Vol.1(1) 2013

CSR disclosure in developing and developed countries: a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Bhatia ◽  
Binny Makkar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Csr Disclosure ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Purpose This paper aims to examine and compare the nature and extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting practices of companies in developing (BRICS [Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa]) and developed (the USA and the UK) countries. Design/methodology/approach Content analysis is conducted on the annual reports and websites of 325 companies listed on stock exchanges of developing markets and of developed markets (Brazil – IBrX 100, 46 companies; Russia – Broad Market Index, 50 companies; India – BSE 100, 50 companies; China – SSE 180, 29 companies; South Africa – FTSE/JSE All Share index, 50 companies; the USA – NYSE 100, 50 companies; the UK – FTSE 100, 50 companies). Descriptives are used to calculate company wise and item wise scores. T-test analysis is applied to check for significant differences between mean scores of developing and developed countries. Findings The findings of the study reflect that developed countries have higher CSR disclosure scores than developing countries. Overall, mean CSR disclosure score of developed countries is 53.5%, followed by that of the developing countries at 49.4%. Developed countries take lead in CSR disclosure for all the five categories, namely, human resources, community, environment, customer and product and others. The results of independent sample T-test suggest that mean disclosure score of developing nations is significantly different from developed nations. Practical implications As suggested by the results, the gap in the CSR disclosure scores between developing and developed group of countries is not an alarming one. However, developing countries should practice CSR in spirit and not just in letter. Focus should not be on just filling the pages in black and white, rather the essence of CSR should be attained for balanced development of the country. For instance, though developing country like India has high score of CSR disclosure in contrast to each of the developed country taken in the sample, yet the country is still battling with several issues such as poverty, over-population, corruption, poor standard of working conditions for the employees and environmental conservation. Sustenance should focus upon renewable sources of energy; efforts of employees should be acknowledged offering flexible working hours; consumer trust should be built by communicating authentic and accurate information about the product. As developing countries encounter several social and environmental problems, companies must endeavor to build a healthy nation keeping in mind the welfare of all stakeholders by practicing CSR. Originality/value This study overcomes the limitations of prior cross-country studies by taking a better representative sample with greater number of countries belonging to identifiable group of “developing” and “developed” nations and thus attempts to improve generalization and authenticity of results.

scholarly journals Corporate Disclosure: A Synthesis of Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kennedy Prince Modugu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Corporate Disclosure ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reporting Environment

This study is a compendium of the existing literature on corporate disclosure with a view to identifying the gaps to which future empirical inquiry may be directed. The paper discusses the concept of disclosure as canvassed by different authors. This review is initiated with a working definition of disclosure. This was followed by a series of reviews of studies in developed countries. Added to this, are developing countries’ studies. The review showed that the influencers of corporate disclosure differ between developed and developing countries on the one hand, and within both economies on the other hand. The review revealed mixed findings on the determinants of corporate disclosure. This suggests that the factors determining corporate disclosure are not fixed, and vary from one jurisdiction to another. The paper also x-rays a litany of theories of corporate disclosure research and suggests a unified theory that amalgamates the existing theories; and that which will be amenable to the ever-changing reporting environment.

The emergence of bio-clusters in Egypt and South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Uctu ◽  
Nirvana Shanalee Pillay
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Biotechnology Clusters

There is a wide body of literature on biotechnology clusters. However, most of the works has been focused on the description of the clusters as well as the development of biotechnology clusters in USA, Europe and other developed countries. Much less attention has been paid to the development of biotechnology clusters in developing countries. The aim of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the emergence of biotechnology clusters in Egypt and South Africa.

Towards Eco-circular economy worldwide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergiu Șișcan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The World ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
Smart Technologies

<p>Nowadays the global ecological crisis continues aggravating. The environmental issues are on agenda, getting increased public attention (e.g. protests caused by waste problems and climate change all around the world). Depleting resources, trash mountains, garbage islands, toxic emissions etc. require change of economy model from linear (resource extraction-production-usage-throwing away) to the circular one (recycled resource-production-usage-recycling). More than that, multiple waste use as well as resources reuse may bring to business and economy billions of dollars.</p><p>The very idea of recycle is practiced in the world since long ago. However, it has been done by few resources (collection of waste paper, scrub metal, glass bottles etc.) without shaping an economic system as a whole.</p><p>Another problematic issue is that the recycling does not always means to be ecological. The mode of recycling in countries with low eco-standards results in heavy pollution (e.g. e-waste “recycling” by fire at open air in Africa, India leads to emission of toxins; ship recycling in Bangladesh leads to polluted beaches and water). Methods of recycling in developing countries often are primitive and may be dangerous. Sometimes, entrepreneurs from developed countries are responsible for such state of affairs. They send legally or illegally part of wastes for that primitive recycling in developing countries. It is important to have awareness of the fact that everything is interdependent. If one part of the Earth is full of toxins and harmful fumes, its other part is inevitably affected over time. It is necessary to carry out recycling in all countries establishing strict environmental laws worldwide, and to make it based on smart technologies.</p><p>Circular economy in its narrowest sense is an economy that simply processes waste.<br>A serious change in business models, public mentality and government policies is necessary to get to environmentally friendly economy. It aims at lengthening the use cycle of goods (e.g. clothes, mobile phones) and minimizing the personal waste of every citizen. The EU household’s food waste was estimated to be 47 million tons (EU FUSIONS, 2016). “More than 30% of clothes in Europeans’ wardrobes have not been used for at least a year. Once discarded, over half the garments are not recycled but end up in mixed household waste and are sent to incinerators or landfill” (EPRS, 2019). YouGov Omnibus research: a third (34%) of respondents of Singapore have thrown away an item of clothing after wearing it just once. (YouGov, 2017).</p><p>Thus, effective circular economy is not just about re-processing and saving resources but, first, emphasizes its focus on greening environment and reducing waste as it is, becoming an eco-circular economy. Secondly, it calls forth measures at not only national or regional level, but also proceeding from “Earth is our common home”, worldwide.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence and outcome of anaemia among pregnant women attending tertiary care hospital in Visakhapatnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Radha Kumari Paladugu ◽  
Srinivas Jagath Pentakota ◽  
Sushma N.
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Study Population

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is now considered as a major public health problem, caused by iron deficiency. WHO has estimated that prevalence of anaemia in developed and developing countries in pregnant women is 14% in developed countries and 51 percent in developing countries and 65-75% in India. Various programmes regarding anaemia prophylaxis and maternal health have been implemented but still the prevalence of anaemia related complications among pregnant women continues to be high. Hence the present study was conducted to study the prevalence and pregnancy outcome as a result of anaemia in a tertiary care center in Visakhapatnam. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out from June 2016 to August 2016 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology among postnatal women in King George hospital, Visakhapatnam. A semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and information regarding age, socioeconomic status, parity, gestational age interval between pregnancies and outcome and complication of pregnancy were collected. Results: Mean age of study population is 22.4 years. Out of 100 women involved in the study 65 are from urban areas 29 from rural areas and 6 from tribal areas. Majority of the study population 66% were having HB% between 8-11% i.e. mild anaemia. When Outcome of pregnancy was seen in relation to anaemia majority of the women had live births (90%) followed by 7% IUDs and 2% still births. Conclusions: Majority of the women are in the age group of 20-24 years. Socioeconomic status is directly related to anaemic status of the women. Majority of the women had complication of puerperal sepsis. 

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