scholarly journals Introduction: The Making of Sámi Religion in Contemporary Society

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Trude Fonneland ◽  
Tiina Äikäs
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Museum Displays ◽  
Revival Movement ◽  
The 19Th Century

This Special Issue of Religions approaches “Sámi religion” from a long-term perspective seeing both the past religious practices and contemporary religious expressions as aspects of the same phenomena. This does not refer, however, to a focus on continuity or to a static or uniform understanding of Sámi religion. Sámi religion is an ambiguous concept that has to be understood as a pluralistic phenomenon consisting of multiple applications and associations and widely differing interpretations, and that highlights the complexities of processes of religion-making. In a historical perspective and in many contemporary contexts (such as museum displays, media stories, as well as educational programs) the term Sámi religion is mostly used as a reference to Sámi pre-Christian religious practices, to Laestadianism, a Lutheran revival movement that spread among the Sámi during the 19th Century, and last but not least to shamanism. In this issue, we particularly aim to look into contemporary contexts where Sámi religion is expressed, consumed, and promoted. We ask what role it plays in identity politics and heritagization processes, and how different actors connect with distant local religious pasts—in other words, in which contexts is Sámi religion activated, by whom, and for what?

scholarly journals Introduction to Special Issue “Religion and Food in Global and Historical Perspective”

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Benjamin Zeller
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past

The past decade has seen the expansion of research projects, presentations, and publications on topics related to religion and food [...]

scholarly journals NEONATOLOGY: EVOLUTION FROM THE PAST TO FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Laschi ◽  
Serafina Perrone ◽  
Chiara Lembo ◽  
Giuseppe Buonocore
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Metabolic Screening ◽  
The 19Th Century

The begin of modern neonatology takes place in the 1940s, when physicians first started to have interest in the newborn so that the primary responsibility for the neonate passed from the obstetricians to the neonatologists. In the 19th century the term premature grouped together the concept of “preterm and weak infants”, meant as babies suffering from poor energy and vitality. The idea that premature infants could be treated was introduced in the second half of the 19th century, when crucial fields signed the basis for neonatal care over the last century, such as thermoregulation, Apgar score, respiratory support, prenatal corticosteroids, metabolic screening and jaundice. From then on, advances in neonatology have resulted in the reduction of infant mortality worldwide. To date, scientific evidences have shown that the environmental conditions experienced in early life can profoundly influence human biology and long-term health. Chemical contaminants in water and diet, tobacco smoke, air pollution, gestational diabetes, hypertension and pre-eclampsia are all conditions that lead to the lowest common denominator oxidative stress. Fetuses and newborns -especially preterm- are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress mediated damage. Recently, the “omics” sciences represent the major area of growing interest and research in neonatology. The analysis of the metabolic profile detectable in a human biological fluid allows to instantly identifying changes in the composition of endogenous and exogenous metabolites caused by the interaction between specific physiopathological states, gene expression, and environment. From metabolomics studies comes the need of individualized and tailored medicine.

The Spread and Persistence of Māturīdi Kalām and Underlying Dynamics

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-92
Author(s):  
Philipp Bruckmayr
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theological Schools ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe paper is concerned with a long-term perspective on the position of Māturīdi kalām within (mostly) Hanafi Muslim societies from Timurid times to the 19th century. Whereas outright conflict between legal and theological schools was mainly a thing of the past during the time in question with Ash'arism, already fully embraced also by Hanafi constituencies within the ahl al-sunna wa l-jamā'a, a preference for Māturīdi views on specific issues persisted among the majority of Hanafi kalām scholars from Bosnia to South Asia. This state of affairs will be highlighted through recourse to madrasa curricula and theological literature from the era and areas as diverse as Turkey and Southeast Asia. Additionally, it seeks to draw attention to the mechanisms behind the spread and long-term persistence of the school throughout large parts of a Muslim world seemingly dominated by Ash'arism in the sphere of scholastic theology. In this regard, the prevalence of Transoxanian legal tradition within Hanafism and its linkages to Māturīdism, as well as the relationship of Naqshbandi Sufism to the school will be discussed.

scholarly journals Family Types and Intimate Partner Violence: A Historical Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Tur-Prats
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Past ◽  
Family Types

This paper examines the long-term determinants of intimate partner violence (IPV) by analyzing its relationship with traditional family structures: stem families in which one child stays in the parental household and nuclear families in which all children leave the household upon marriage. My hypothesis is that coresidence with a mother-in-law increases a wife's contribution to nondomestic work, which may decrease the level of violence. I find that areas where stem families were socially predominant in the past currently have a lower IPV rate, and use differences in inheritance laws in medieval times as an instrument for the different family types.

Long-Term Changes in the Living Arrangements of Children in the Netherlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben van Gaalen ◽  
Frans van Poppel
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
The 19Th Century

The demographic and social processes of the past 150 years have radically changed the number of parents that children grow up with. This article uses two unique data sets to illustrate long-term changes in the living arrangements of children born between 1850 and 1985 in the Netherlands. Changes are described in terms of whether fathers, mothers, and stepparents lived with these children at birth and at age 15. A massive shift occurred in the living arrangements of the 1850-1879 cohort compared with the 1880-1899 cohort of children, and there is only a slight return to 19th-century conditions in the most recent birth cohort. Researchers and politicians should be careful when comparing contemporary family life with the extraordinary situation Western families were in just after World War II. To some degree, contemporary complexities are more comparable to those in the 19th century, although the sources of these complexities are different.

scholarly journals Making Homes in Limbo? A Conceptual Framework

Refuge ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrine Brun ◽  
Anita Fábos
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The Past ◽  
Holistic Perspective ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
Policies And Practices

This article aims to conceptualize home and homemaking for people in protracted displacement. The article serves three purposes: to present an overview of the area of inquiry; to develop an analytical framework for under- standing home and homemaking for forced migrants in protracted displacement; and to introduce the special issue. It explores how protracted displacement has been defined—from policy definitions to people’s experiences of protractedness, including “waiting” and “the permanence of temporariness.” The article identifies the ambivalence embedded in experiences and practices of homemaking in long-term displacement, demonstrating how static notions of home and displacement might be unsettled. It achieves this through examining relationships between mobility and stasis, the material and symbolic, between the past, present, and future, and multiple places and scales. The article proposes a conceptual framework—a triadic constellation of home—that enables an analysis of home in different contexts of protracted displacement. The framework helps to explore home both as an idea and a practice, distinguishing among three elements: “home” as the day-to-day practices of homemaking, “Home” as representing values, traditions, memories, and feelings of home, and the broader political and historical contexts in which “HOME” is understood in the current global order and embedded in institutions. In conclusion, the article argues that a feminist and dynamic understanding of home-Home-HOME provides a more holistic perspective of making home in protracted displacement that promotes a more extensive and more sophisticated academic work, policies, and practices.

scholarly journals From Plastered Skulls to Palliative Care: What the Past Can Teach Us About Dealing with Death

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Büster ◽  
Karina Croucher ◽  
Jennifer Dayes ◽  
Laura Green ◽  
Christina Faull
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Continuing Bonds ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
The Past

Modern, advanced healthcare detects and monitors long-term and life-limiting illness more comprehensively than ever before. Death is now, however, often considered as medical failure, and is a virtually taboo topic of conversation in daily life. At a time when the relevance of archaeology is under scrutiny, the AHRC-funded ‘Continuing Bonds’ project – a collaboration between archaeology and palliative care – explores the potential of the past to promote discussion. Not only does archaeology illuminate the diversity of practice surrounding death, the past provides a safe, distanced platform for considering death, dying and bereavement today. Through archaeological and ethnographic case studies, healthcare professionals explore topics such as place, choice and identity, in both personal and professional life. This paper explores some of the most thought-provoking materials and participant responses, and discusses the implications for contemporary society and for the ways in which archaeologists interpret mortuary practices of the past.

A long-term geophysical and astronomical dataset: sunspot counting from 1610 to 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Vaquero
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Sunspot Number ◽  
Solar Physics ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

<p>Solar activity is an essential factor for the study of many aspects of the geophysical and astronomical sciences. A very simple measure of solar activity is counting sunspots using telescopes. This task can be done even with small telescopes since the Sun is apparently a very large and luminous star. For this reason, it is possible to rescue the ancient observations of sunspots made in the past centuries to obtain an image of the evolution of solar activity during the last four centuries.</p><p>The first attempt to reconstruct solar activity from these records was made by Rudolf Wolf, who defined the <em>Sunspot Number</em> index in the 19th century. The Zurich Observatory (and later the Brussels Observatory) was in charge of continuing Wolf's work to the present day. In 1998, Hoyt and Schatten presented a new reconstruction of solar activity that was very different from Wolf's reconstruction (Vaquero and Vázquez, 2009). Many of these differences were solved by Clette et al. (2014).</p><p>Currently, research to improve the <em>Sunspot Number</em> is focused on (i) improving the database by reviewing old observations, and (ii) improving the methodologies to convert raw data into the <em>Sunspot Number</em> index. In this work, we try to present the latest advances in this task (Muñoz-Jaramillo and Vaquero, 2019; Arlt and Vaquero, 2020).</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>Arlt, R., Vaquero, J.M. (2020) Living Reviews in Solar Physics 17, 1.</p><p>Clette, F. et al. (2014) Space Science Reviews 186, 35.</p><p>Muñoz-Jaramillo, A., Vaquero, J.M. (2019) Nature Astronomy 3, 205.</p><p>Vaquero, J.M. and Vázquez, M. (2009) The Sun recorded through history (Springer).</p>

Editorial

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-4
Author(s):  
Hudson Moura
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Global Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Need To Evaluate

Film and media practitioners and educators have been expanding the use of digital through new experiences with unusual and innovative technical and artistic “approaches.” Likewise, researchers and academics are questioning and analyzing these new practices that increasingly dominate global society, as seen in the past months with the advent of the worldwide pandemic. In 2013, we created the IFM-Interactive Film and Media Conference to provide an inclusive educational space within the digital theory and interactive studies where researchers and practitioners could discuss and present their research and work in film and media. With this purpose, the IFM has partnered with universities worldwide and established a space for a global integration between academia and the audiovisual production community that aims to forge a valuable exchange between researchers, faculty, students, practitioners, and the community. The goal is to generate a broad debate, emphasizing the need to evaluate the increasing use of digital screens in contemporary society and how people respond artistically, socially, and politically to the challenges of the digital cultural space. The work of professors, researchers, and practitioners (artists, filmmakers, and videomakers) from various areas and several countries, including Italy, Brazil, England, Spain, Canada, New Zealand, Portugal, Scotland, Germany, and the United States, constitutes this special issue with selected articles and audiovisuals from the #IFM2014. The aim is to launch IFM Journal first issues while archiving our preliminary works.

scholarly journals Slash youth in China: From precarious strugglers to successful exemplars

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-437
Author(s):  
Ning Wei
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labor Flexibilization ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Short Life Expectancy

Slash has become a new phenomenon and practice as a growing number of youth, no longer in long-term employment with clear future security, create a contingent combination of careers. Its recent prevalence in China marks a visible consequence of the national restructuring policy of labor flexibilization over the past decades. Dismantling of the historical norm of full employment, encouragement of flexible digital economy, short-life expectancy of new businesses, and generalized insecurity due to intense competition at individual level, are the major factors contributing to the emergence and expansion of slash youth. Based on empirical and ethnographic evidences, this article identifies the complexity, diversity, and creativity embodied in individual slash experiences, suggesting that slash youth are stratified and they demonstrate differentiated ability to translate uncertainties into opportunities under the condition of individualization. This article is part of the special issue Creative Labour in East Asia.

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