scholarly journals Religion and Public Conflict in the Post-COVID Era: The Case of Protestant Churches in South Korea

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Saehwan Lee ◽  
Seil Oh
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Worship Services ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
Service Attendance

Governments have attempted to contain the COVID-19 outbreak with a variety of regulations, including social distancing, facemask mandates, or limits on gatherings. South Korea was concerned by the “supercluster” case of a sectarian religious organization in February 2020. Since then, some Protestant churches have periodically caused cluster infections showing antagonism against health authorities. First, we traced all 2020 cluster cases and identified their denominational characteristics. We then utilized the 2020 CISJD data and conducted a series of multivariate regressions to answer the research question, “What causes differences among denominations in attitudes toward public disease control and in-person service attendance?” Results indicated that Protestants affiliated with liberal churches were more likely to follow public disease control guidelines and less likely to attend in-person religious services during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared with individuals from other denominations. Protestants affiliated with moderate, conservative, and fundamentalist churches tended to share antagonism toward public disease control, while cherishing in-person community rituals. This research highlights social implications of public conflict in Korea, where many Protestant churches have emphasized the significance of traditional worship services, claiming the constitutional right of religious freedom, while the majority of citizens, religious and non-religious, disagree with such exclusive claims against public safety.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in South Korea: Proper timing for Easing Mask mandates after COVID-19 Vaccination

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yun-Jung Kang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Proper Timing ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract As of 25 July 2021, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency reported 1,422 new COVID-19 cases, 188,848 total cases, and 2.073 total deaths (1.10% fatality rates). Since the first SARS-CoV-2 case was reported, efforts to find a treatment and vaccine against COVID-19 have been widespread. Four vaccines are on the WHO’s emergency use listing and are approved of their usage; BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, AZD1222, and Ad26.COV2.S. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 need at least 14 days to achieve effectiveness. Thus, people should abide by prevention and control measures, including wearing masks, washing hands, and social distancing. However, a lot of new cases were reported after vaccinations, as many people did not follow the prevention control measures before the end of the 14 days period. There is no doubt we need to break free from mask mandates. But let us not decide the timing in haste. Even if the mask mandates are eased, they should be changed depending on the number of reported cases, vaccinations, as well as prevention and control measures on how circumstances are changing under the influence of mutant coronavirus.

scholarly journals Social Capital: Trust Building as A Strategy of Developing Madrasa (A Case Study at MI Istiqomah Sambas Purbalingga)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Munjin Munjin
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Good Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mass Basis

The developent of madrasa should not depend on financial capital, like infrastructure and media. There is another variabel which has an important role, that is social capital. If the two variables are maximally used by the headmaster, madrasah will increase rapidly, moreover that madrasa has geneologically the big mass basis. Practically, there are many madrasas that have that two modals, but only few of them can manage to be a power to develop madrasa.  One of them is Madrasa Istiqomah Sambas Purbalingga, which uses social capital, espesially trust, as a strategi in developing madrasa, despite the fact that it does not stand under a certain religious organization.  So, the research question of this study is how MI Istiqomah Sambas Purbalingga build and manage the social capital of trust. In addition, this reseacrh will find out a good strategy in developing madrasa and strengthening the social capital. To collect data, the writer performed observation and interviewed some informants and collect some needed documentation. The collected data were then analyzed and connected to the theory used and finally was made conclusion. The conclusion of this research is that social capital of trust was built by philosophical, practical and institutional trust. The inclusive character of madrasa can also help to build trust.

scholarly journals Religious Neutrality in the Early Republic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jud Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Natural Right ◽  
Free Exercise ◽  
Free Exercise Clause ◽  
Conscientious Objectors ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Government ◽  
Constitutional Meaning ◽  
Military Draft

Governmental neutrality is the heart of the modern Free Exercise Clause. Mindful of this core principle, which prevents the government from treating individuals differently because of their religious convictions, the Supreme Court held in Employment Division v. Smith that a neutral law can be constitutionally applied despite any incidental burdens it might impose on an individual�s exercise of religion. Conscientious objectors such as Quakers, for instance, do not have a constitutional right to be exempt from a military draft. Thus, neutrality now forms both the core and the outer limit of constitutionally guaranteed religious freedom. Judged according to founding-era views, however, this interpretation of the Free Exercise Clause is deeply problematic. Although historical scholarship has focused on the particular issue of religious exemptions, this Article takes a different approach by reexamining early debates about neutrality itself. These neglected sources demonstrate that modern cases invert the founding-era conception of religious freedom. For the Founders, religious freedom was primarily an unalienable natural right to practice religion�not a right that depended on whether a law was neutral. This evidence illuminates not only a significant transition in constitutional meaning since the Founding but also the extent to which modern priorities often color our understanding of the past.

Marrying into South Korean Rural Towns

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
South Korea ◽  
General Information ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Rural South ◽  
International Marriage ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Unification Church ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Marriage Migrants

Chapter 2 provides the background for the empirical study that is the basis of Elusive Belonging. I first describe the context of rural South Korea, where one in three marriages is an international marriage, followed by a description of international marriage trends in Korea. Because most of my subjects were matched by the Unification Church, an international religious organization that promotes intermarriage, I then explain the Unification Church and its matching process. I describe the Korean state’s policies regarding marriage migrants and its “multiculturalism” project. Finally, I provide general information on my informants.

Religious Freedom and the Churches: Contemporary Challenges in the United States Today1

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Richard W. Garnett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Constitutional Right

A crucial, but often overlooked, dimension of the human and constitutional right to religious freedom is the autonomy of religious institutions, associations and societies with respect to matters of governance, doctrine, formation and membership. Although the Supreme Court of the United States has affirmed this autonomy in the context of American constitutional law, it is vulnerable, and even under threat, for a variety of reasons, including a general decline in the health of civil society and mediating associations and a crisis of confidence and authority caused by clerical sexual abuse and churches’ failure to respond to it.

scholarly journals A systematic review on resource allocation in public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Barbosa ◽  
A Gonçalves ◽  
M Guerra ◽  
C Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Business Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Analysis Technique

Abstract Background Research in resource allocation is a need arising from State interference by the allocative function, which seeks to promote resource adjustments with the provision of certain goods and public services (Musgrave, 1974; Musgrave & Musgrave, 1980, Longo & Troster, 1993). In this perspective, a research question arises: how has international literature on the field of Business, Management and Accounting been approaching resource allocation in public health? Methods Systematic Literature Review through the Scopus Database. keywords: “public health” and “resource allocation”. The types were Article and Review. Language: English, since it is internationally accepted in scientific articles, and Portuguese, in order to include Brazilian research. Search period: from 1976 to 2017. Areas: “Business, Management and Accounting”. The performed analysis technique was qualitative meta-synthesis and by using the MAXQDA Analytics Pro 18 software. Results The first identified study was in 2000 Sweden, pulished in Health Care Management Science. The most recente in 2017 Brazil, published in Evaluation and Program Planning. Among the countries that presented the largest production, the United States is highlighted (4). Dispersion of publication among reviews was noted. Generally, publications are grouped in four perspectives: adequate allocation, resource management and effective cost; resource allocation for treating specific diseases; resource allocation for decision-making; and health evaluation and the need of informing resource allocation. The prevailing lack of theoretical grounding must be highlighted. Conclusions Can be inferred that this production is recent, that it does not possess a specific focus or outline, as there is a variety of approaches, most of them being geared towards healthcare and disease control, such as cancer, diabetes, overweight, rabies, malaria and infectious diseases. Key messages International literature indicates that the theme is yet unexplored in the field of Business, Management e Accounting and most studies are geared towards healthcare and disease control. Allocation in the public-health policy as a function of the role of the State in providing the necessary budget for financial availability and not cost-wise, suggests lack of research.

Mindful Awareness as a Method of Christian Scripture Meditation among Empathic Korean Mothers in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-242
Author(s):  
Priscilla Hwang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Mindful Awareness ◽  
Korean Mothers ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
Christian Perspective

This project is intended to examine the current phenomena, known as mindful awareness, from a Christian perspective. The purpose of this study was to explore how Christian Scripture meditation was perceived in light of the three factors of mindful awareness—focused attention, awareness, meta-awareness—in the practice of Christian Korean mothers who had greater mindful awareness and empathy. The participants in this study were mothers who attend Protestant churches in South Korea. All participants (n=181) were filtered for mindful awareness and empathy, and the 25 mothers with the greater level of mindful awareness and empathy were interviewed.

scholarly journals The covid-19 Crisis and Religious Freedom

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 179-200
Author(s):  
Burkhard J. Berkmann
Keyword(s):  
Canon Law ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Case Law ◽  
State Law ◽  
Worship Services ◽  
Relevant Case ◽  
Public Worship

Abstract The article provides an overview of anti-covid-19 measures in Germany, especially in Bavaria. Public worship services were banned for seven weeks, but have been permitted again since the 4th of May, 2020, under safeguards. By comparing state law and Catholic canon law, the article investigates whether church norms merely “react” to state norms or are independent of them. Do they correspond to them or even go beyond them in their content? The article also examines whether state orders violate religious freedom. To this end, the relevant case law in Germany is analyzed. Since church and state have coordinated their actions, believers find it more difficult to exercise religious freedom.

Experience of non-breastfeeding mothers

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Nihlén Fahlquist
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Question ◽  
World Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Ethics Guidelines ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Research Ethics Guidelines

Background: Breastfeeding is currently strongly recommended by midwives and paediatricians, and the recommendations are based on documents provided by the World Health Organization and public health authorities worldwide. Research question: The underlying question is, how are non-breastfeeding mothers affected emotionally when informed that breastfeeding is the safest and healthiest option? Research design: The method used is an anonymous web-based qualitative survey exploring the narratives of non-breastfeeding mothers, published on Thesistools.com . The aim is to achieve qualitative knowledge about the emotions of non-breastfeeding mothers. Participants and research context: Participants were based in Sweden, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands and were selected through a purposeful sample. Ethical considerations: The online survey anonymizes responses automatically, and all respondents had to tick a box agreeing to be quoted anonymously in scientific articles. The study conforms to research ethics guidelines. Findings: Respondents describe how they were affected, and the following themes emerged in studying their descriptions: depression, anxiety and pain, feeling failed as a mother and woman, loss of freedom/feeling trapped, relief and guilt. Discussion: The themes are discussed against the background of the ethics of care and a theory of ethically responsible risk communication. Conclusion: Three conclusions are made. First, the message should become more empathetic. Second, information should be given in an attentive dialogue. Third, information providers should evaluate effects in a more inclusive way.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES AND OBSTACLES FOR THE ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: SOUTH KOREA LATIN AMERICA

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (83) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Acosta Zapata ◽  
Luciana Manfredi
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Research Question ◽  
New Institutionalism ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Bilateral Negotiations ◽  
Institutional Challenges

This study aims to analyze institutionalization from the perspective of negotiation processes that foster the economic integration agreement that have served Colombia, South Korea and Mercosur as they integrate economically with other regions, considering  bilateral negotiations or bloc negotiations. The present research is based in two main theories: new-institutionalism and constructivism, that serve as foundation to explain the main research question: How does the level of institutionalization impact the strategies of negotiation and design of agreements? Finally, is it better to negotiate bilaterally or as a bloc? Therefore, this paper accounts with two kinds of studiesa qualitative and a quantitative one.

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