scholarly journals Is the Microfiltration Process Suitable as a Method of Removing Suspended Solids from Rainwater?

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Karolina Fitobór ◽  
Bernard Quant
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Suspended Substances ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Silt Density Index

Due to climate change and anthropogenic pressure, freshwater availability is declining in areas where it has not been noticeable so far. As a result, the demands for alternative sources of safe drinking water and effective methods of purification are growing. A solution worth considering is the treatment of rainwater by microfiltration. This study presents the results of selected analyses of rainwater runoff, collected from the roof surface of individual households equipped with the rainwater harvesting system. The method of rainwater management and research location (rural area) influenced the low content of suspended substances (TSS < 0.02 mg/L) and turbidity (<4 NTU). Microfiltration allowed for the further removal of suspension particles with sizes larger than 0.45 μm and with efficiency greater than 60%. Granulometric analysis indicated that physical properties of suspended particles vary with the season and weather. During spring, particles with an average size of 500 μm predominated, while in autumn particles were much smaller (10 μm). However, Silt Density Index measurements confirmed that even a small amount of suspended solids can contribute to the fouling of membranes (SDI > 5). Therefore, rainwater cannot be purified by microfiltration without an appropriate pretreatment.

Removal of suspended substances by coagulation and foam separation from municipal wastewater

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
T. Maruyama ◽  
H. Tegane ◽  
T. Goto
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Foam Separation ◽  
Suspended Substances ◽  
Milk Casein ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

A new method for solid-liquid separation for wastewater incorporating simple operation and shortened treatment time is necessary for improvement of sewage systems. In this study, removal of suspended solids from municipal wastewater by coagulation and foam separation using coagulant and milk casein was examined. By adding casein before the foam separation process, the removal of suspended substances was dramatically improved. The optimum condition for treating sewage was 20 mg-Fe/L of FeCl3, 3 mg/L of casein, and pH 5.5, which resulted in a removal rates of over 98% for turbidity and SS. A removal of 96-98% was also possible for phosphate and anionic surfactant. When PAC was used, the floc was also efficiently recovered in foam by the addition of casein. It became clear that coagulation and foam separation using casein as the collector is an effective method for removing suspended solids in municipal wastewater in a short time (within 10 min).

PERENCANAAN PEMANFAATAN SISTEM PEMANENAN AIR HUJAN (PAH) DALAM MENDUKUNG PENERAPAN ECODRAIN DI KAMPUS B UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Fauziah Ismahyanti ◽  
Rosmawita Saleh ◽  
Arris Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Balance Method ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
Alternative Water

This research is done to plan rainwater harvesting so that it can be used as an alternative water source on the campus B UNJ so it is expected to reduce groundwater use that can cause a puddle. The method used in the PAH development plan is a water balance method. This method compares the level of demand with water volume that can be accommodated or the availability of water (supply). Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the potential for rainwater in the FIO office building A was 1773.95 m3 , FMIPA building B was 1904.62 m3 , the FIO lecture building C was 1613.21 m3 and the Ulul Albab mosque was 512.16 m3 . Potential rainwater obtained cistern PAH capacity of 200 m3 by saving water needs by 30% in building A FIO, building B FMIPA, and building C FIO. The capacity of the PAH cistern is 80 m3 by saving the water needs of the Ulul Albab mosque by 13.3%. Placement of the PAH cistern under the ground with a ground water system. Ecodrainage application by utilizing the PAH system can reduce drainage load by 0.158 m3 /second or 13.9% from rainwater runoff.

Rainwater Management to Mitigate the Effects of Development on the Urban Hydrologic Cycle

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bradford ◽  
Chris Denich
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Hydrologic Cycle ◽  
Porous Pavement ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Stream Erosion

Traditional stormwater management approaches that rely on rapid conveyance and end-of-pipe detention have not adequately mitigated the effects of urbanization on water resources and the aquatic and human communities that rely upon them. Low-impact development techniques that can support a shift to management of the post-development hydrologic cycle and runoff volumes offer better opportunities to prevent stream erosion and protect groundwater recharge, characteristics of the flow regime and water quality. The application and design of four techniques—porous pavement, bioretention cells, green roofs and rainwater harvesting— in the management of the post-development water balance are presented.

scholarly journals Rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling as alternative water resources: a survey of public opinion

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stec
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Alternative Sources

This paper reports results from a survey of households in Poland concerning the use of alternative sources of water. Research showed that respondents were not too inclined to replace water from the water supply with greywater and rainwater. They would be afraid of using both greywater (79%) and rainwater (60%) in their household. The biggest concern was the use of alternative sources of water for doing laundry - more than 50% of respondents identified this issue in both cases. Only 43% of respondents would like to install a greywater recycling system and much more -78% a rainwater harvesting system. For the vast majority of respondents (80%) a subsidy would be an incentive for using these systems in their household.

Rainwater harvesting and management – policy and regulations in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schuetze
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
Decentralized Management ◽  
Private Actors

This paper discusses the most important policies and regulations supporting the decentralized management, harvesting and utilization of rainwater in Germany, where such measures have been increasingly applied during the last few decades. The development and implementation of specific policies and regulations contributed significantly to that trend. They also work as incentives for the development of advanced technologies and businesses as well as the widespread and growing implementation of measures for decentralized rainwater management, harvesting and utilization by public and private actors. This development can generally be associated with environmental and economic concerns related with required adaptation to changes in climate, demographic structures and infrastructures as well as climate resilience including flood control and drought resistance. The addressed and supported measures can be assigned to the two focus areas ‘Decentralized rainwater harvesting and utilization’, aiming for saving of precious fresh water resources and centrally supplied drinking water, as well as ‘decentralized rainwater retention and management’, aiming for flood control and protection of existing infrastructures and ecosystems. The decentralized management of rainwater and its separation from combined sewer systems at the source is generally regarded as the state of the art and basic condition for sustainable municipal wastewater management.

Operational data of the Star City rainwater harvesting system and its role as a climate change adaptation and a social influence

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2796-2801 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Han ◽  
J. S. Mun
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
News Media ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Rainwater Tank ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
Operational Data

The Star City rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) was featured in the December, 2008, issue of Water 21. The article highlighted that the RWHS has a 3,000 m3 rainwater tank used in water saving, flood mitigation, and emergency response. Since then, many news media, public officials, and people from both South Korea and abroad have visited the RWHS. In this paper, two years of the system's operational data are presented and its role in short- and long-term climate change adaptation is investigated. The downstream sewer system has become safe for a 50-year rainfall without upgrading the existing sewer system, which was designed for a 10-year period. The 26,000 m3 of water saved has reduced the energy requirement of transferring water from a distant area. The success of the Star City RWHS has influenced 47 cities across South Korea, including Seoul, to enact regulations on rainwater management. It has shown that decentralized rainwater management can supplement the existing centralized system to ensure its safety.

CHEMODYNAMICS OF TRACE POLLUTANTS DURING SNOWMELT ON ROOF AND STREET SURFACES

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Daub ◽  
J. Förster ◽  
R. Herrmann ◽  
A. Robien ◽  
T. Striebel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Specific Metal ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In order to investigate the concentration levels and chemodynamic behaviour of organic micropollutants and heavy metals in snowmelt runoff from urban sealed surfaces, meltwater was sampled from one street :and four different roof catchments. Apart from peak concentrations of suspended solids during short intense street runoff from rain, concentrations of suspended solids in snowmelt runoff are two to fivefold higher than in rain runoff. However, the specific metal concentrations in suspended solids of snowmelt (except Zn) are lower than in suspended solids of rainwater runoff. This partly compensates the higher concentration of suspended solids. There are no distinct differences in concentrations of heavy metals between rain and meltwater runoff willi the exception of dissolved Cd; its concentrations are increased when high concentrations of macro ions are present. We explain high concentrations of PAH with a molecular weight of 202 or less in snowmelt with longer equilibration times available during melting than during rain runoff. An enhancement of solubility by DOC seems to be likely. The physical and chemical properties of various roof surfaces greatly influence the temporal variation of PAH concentrations during snowmelt runoff.

scholarly journals ANALISA TAMAN ATAP DALAM UPAYA MENGURANGI LIMPASAN AIR HUJAN PADA BANGUNAN PERKOTAAN

Kilat ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Redaksi Tim Jurnal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Runoff Decrease ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
The City ◽  
Roof Garden

With the increasing public awareness of the human relations system with the surrounding environment, communities are beginning to shift towards better sources and methods to help improve the environment. One of the methods that began to be utilized is the application of green roof construction. There are many benefits for installing a green roof whether it is in a home or office building. The study was conducted on applicable green roof construction, the benefits of installing a green roof and a process run for a green roof installation with a construction approach applicable to urban housing buildings in Jakarta and on cost analysis on material requirements and installation. And in its efforts to reduce rainwater runoff. Green roof as one in the management of rainwater in urban areas. From the result of the research resulted the calculation on survey location percentage of runoff decrease 26%. While in the test object / mock-up there is a reduction of 95% runoff volume. It can be concluded that the use of a green roof / roof garden can reduce the runoff volume produced by rainwater, resulting in reduced surface runoff automatically reduced. This will also reduce the drainage-drainage burden of the city in accommodating water. The Roof Garden plays a role in the management of rainwater management to cope with puddles up to the danger of flooding

Morphological Response of Bolivina Lowmani to Sediment Composition and Organic Matter: Applying Geometric Morphometrics for Potential Bio-Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-265
Author(s):  
Margarette Bayrón-Arcelay ◽  
Kyara Rodríguez-Camacho ◽  
Dimaris Acosta-Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Sediment Composition ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Average Size

ABSTRACT It is well established that sediment composition plays an important role in shaping the community of benthic foraminifera (e.g., species richness). To our knowledge, there is little information about morphometric variations in benthic foraminifera in relation to sediment composition and organic matter content. However, given their sensitivity to these environmental variables, variations in size (width and height of the test) and shape (form of the test) of the foraminifera could provide information about potential disturbances, serving as an index of anthropogenic pressure for coastal ecosystems. In this study, we used geometric morphometrics to compare the average size and shape of a common species, Bolivina lowmani, among islets in La Parguera, Puerto Rico. We hypothesized that the average size and shape of B. lowmani will be different among islets. We further hypothesize that there will be a concomitant morphometric gradient of B. lowmani with sediment particle size and organic matter content. After a random sampling approach, we found that size regressed as a function of mud content and shape variations regressed as a function of organic matter content. Therefore, sediment composition could be a factor affecting foraminiferal growth rates highlighting that the morphometrics of benthic foraminifera could be added to the list of potential indexes that could be used to track current environmental degradation in coastal habitats. Furthermore, our data validate the sensitivity of foraminifera and their usefulness as indicators of environmental hazards.

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