scholarly journals A Remote Sensing Approach for Mapping the Development of Ancient Water Management in the Near East

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Rayne ◽  
Daniel Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
The 1960S

We present a novel approach that uses remote sensing to record and reconstruct traces of ancient water management throughout the whole region of Northern Mesopotamia, an area where modern agriculture and warfare has had a severe impact on the survival of archaeological remains and their visibility in modern satellite imagery. However, analysis and interpretation of declassified stereoscopic spy satellite data from the 1960s and early 1970s revealed traces of ancient water management systems. We processed satellite imagery to facilitate image interpretation and used photogrammetry to reconstruct hydraulic pathways. Our results represent the first comprehensive map of water management features across the entirety of Northern Mesopotamia for the period ca. 1200 BC to AD 1500. In particular, this shows that irrigation was widespread throughout the region in the Early Islamic period, including within the zone traditionally regarded as “rain-fed”. However, we found that a high proportion of the ancient canal systems had been damaged or destroyed by 20th century changes to agricultural practices and land use. Given this, there is an urgent need to record these rapidly vanishing water management systems that were an integral part of the ancient agricultural landscape and that underpinned powerful states.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing for Biocultural Heritage Preservation in an African Semi-Arid Region: A Case Study of Indigenous Wells in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Pamela Ochungo ◽  
Nadia Khalaf ◽  
Stefania Merlo ◽  
Alemseged Beldados ◽  
Freda Nkirote M’Mbogori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Landscape Degradation ◽  
Biocultural Heritage ◽  
Semi Arid

The region of Southern Ethiopia (Borana) and Northern Kenya (Marsabit) is characterised by erratic rainfall, limited surface water, aridity, and frequent droughts. An important adaptive response to these conditions, of uncertain antiquity, has been the hand-excavation of a sequence of deep wells at key locations often along seasonal riverbeds and valley bottoms where subterranean aquifers can be tapped. Sophisticated indigenous water management systems have developed to ensure equitable access to these critical water resources, and these are part of well-defined customary institutional leadership structures that govern the community giving rise to a distinctive form of biocultural heritage. These systems, and the wells themselves, are increasingly under threat, however, from climate change, demographic growth, and socio-economic development. To contribute to an assessment of the scale, distribution and intensity of these threats, this study aimed to evaluate the land-use land-cover (LULC) and precipitation changes in this semi-arid to arid landscape and their association with, and impact on, the preservation of traditional wells. Multitemporal Landsat 5, 7 and 8 satellite imagery covering the period 1990 to 2020, analysed at a temporal resolution of 10 years, was classified using supervised classification via the Random Forest machine learning method to extract the following classes: bare land, grassland, shrub land, open forest, closed forest, croplands, settlement and waterbodies. Change detection was then applied to identify and quantify changes through time and landscape degradation indices were generated using the Shannon Diversity Index fragmentation index within a 15 km buffer of each well cluster. The results indicated that land cover change was mostly driven by increasing anthropogenic changes with resultant reduction in natural land cover classes. Furthermore, increased fragmentation has occurred within most of the selected buffer distances of the well clusters. The main drivers of change that have directly or indirectly impacted land degradation and the preservation of indigenous water management systems were identified through an analysis of land cover changes in the last 30 years, supporting insights from previous focused group discussions with communities in Kenya and Ethiopia. Our approach showed that remote sensing methods can be used for the spatially explicit mapping of landscape structure around the wells, and ultimately towards assessment of the preservation status of the indigenous wells.

scholarly journals INTEGRASI DATA INDERAJA DAN DATA GEOLOGI UNTUK MENDUKUNG EKSPLORASI TAMBANG EMAS, Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Paniai Provinsi Papua

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iksal Yanuarsyah ◽  
Yatin Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Alteration Zone ◽  
Mineralized Zone ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
Mining Exploration

<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ABSTRAK</span></strong></p><p>Pemetaan potensi sumberdaya geologi pertambangan khususnya potensi mineral perlu dilakukan sebagai awal dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya pertambangan terlebih dalam tahapan eksplorasi pendahuluan. Penginderaan jauh (Inderaja) merupakan alat bantu yang merekam rona lingkungan bumi yang mampu menginterpretasi potensi eksplorasi mineral logam seperti emas. Dengan menggunakan data citra satelit, biaya eksplorasi akan lebih rendah, termasuk efisiensi dalam melakukan pemboran. Tujuan dari studi ini yaitu mampu mendeliniasi Jalur Alterasi dengan interpretasi citra satelit agar untuk mendukung kegiatan eksplorasi tambang lebih efektif dan efisien. Lokasi kajian berada di Distrik Bogobaida, Kabupaten Paniai, Propinsi Papua seluas 40.116 Ha yang merupakan lokasi Izin Usaha Pertambangan (IUP) Eksplorasi PT. Kotabara Mitratama (izin berdasarkan Keputusan Bupati Paniai No. 017 Tahun 2010). Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini yaitu metode konseptual dengan memanfaatkan faktor geologi yang berpengaruh pada terbentuknya endapan minera). Tahapan analisa dimulai dari pengumpulan data spasial (peta) dan non spasial (tabular), analisa interpretasi citra Landsat dan identifikasi kelurusan zona lemah (lineament) untuk menentukan zona mineralisasi. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi citra Landsat dengan didukung analisa geologi untuk daerah IUP PT. Kotabara Mitratama berprospek Tembaga (Cu) dan Emas (Au) yang terbagi dalam 9 Zona Mineralisasi dengan luas mencapai 2.922,48 Ha (yang terdiri dari 8 zona mineralisasi primer seluas 2.208,83 Ha dan 1 zona mineralisasi aluvial seluas 713,65 Ha).</p><p> Kata kunci: data inderaja, data geologi, eksplorasi emas</p><p align="center"> </p><p align="center"> <strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p> <em>Geological mapping of the mineral potential has to be done as the preliminary stages of mining exploration. Remote sensing is a common tool that used to records the earth's environment through image interpretation such for gold mine potential exploration. </em><em>By using satellite imagery data, will be lower exploration costs, including efficiency in drilling</em><em> </em><em>The aim of this study is to delineate alteration zone with satellite image interpretation to support mining exploration activities more effectively and efficiently. The study Located in Bogobaida District, Paniai Regency, Papua Province, covering an area of 40 116 hectares, in site case of Legal Mining Exploration Permit (IUP) PT. Kotabara Mitratama (Paniai Regent Decree No. 017 of 2010). The method used is utilizing conceptual geological factors that alleged the formation of mineral deposits. Stages of analysis starting from spatial data (maps) and non-spatial (tabular) collection, then Landsat satellite imagery interpretation and identification of weak zones straightness (lineament) due to define the mineralized zones. Based on the results of image interpretation with geological analysis in IUP PT. Kotabara Mitratama was prospected Copper (Cu) and gold (Au) which is divided into 9 Mineralization Zone with an area of 2,922.48 ha (consisting of 8 primary mineralized zone covering an area of 2,208.83 ha and 1 alluvial mineralized zone measuring 713.65 ha).</em></p><p> </p><p><em>K</em><em>eywords: Remote sensing, geological data, gold exploration</em></p>

Transforming the Rural Agricultural Landscape Through Groundwater Optimisation: Exploring A Chinese-South African Partnership

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmala Dorasamy ◽  
Olayemi Bakre
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

The majority of the South African rural populace is directly or indirectly engaged in agricultural practices to earn a livelihood. However, impediments such as climate change, water shortages, and inadequacy of institutional support have undermined these once thriving subsistence farming communities. Furthermore, poor leadership in hydrology, coupled with a lack of depth in skills at all government levels to facilitate the understanding of the importance of groundwater, has made it near impossible for subsistence farmers to benefit optimally from groundwater. The 2012 drought experienced in South Africa paralysed several subsistence farming communities in KwaZulu-Natal. To revamp subsistence farming and assist these farmers across South Africa, the Department of Water and Sanitation launched interventions, but despite the enormous resources expended, indicators (e.g. unsustainable farming practices, poor crop yield, pitiable living conditions, and poor standards of living) provide evidence that these interventions have not yielded the desired results. This paper seeks to suggest practicable interventions aimed at reducing the vulnerability of subsistence farmers in KwaZulu-Natal. The study pursued a qualitative approach in that it solicited the views of experts on groundwater and in related fields to gain an in-depth perspective. Some of the core challenges undermining the sustainability and growth of subsistence farming in the study area were found to be the inadequacy of experts on groundwater, water shortages, institutional deficiencies, lack of political will, and lack of coordination among stakeholders. Pragmatic recommendations are made to address these challenges, among other things to encourage a South African-Chinese partnership in the hydrology sector.

Building hydrosocialism in Czechoslovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-633
Author(s):  
Jiří Janáč
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
State Socialism ◽  
Communist Society ◽  
The West ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Reflexive Modernity ◽  
The 1960S

Throughout the period of state socialism, water was viewed as an instrument of immense transformative power and water experts were seen as guardians of such transformation, a transformation for which we coin the term 'hydrosocialism'. A reconfiguration of water, a scarce and vital natural resource, was to a great extent identified with social change and envisioned transition to socialist and eventually communist society. While in the West, hydraulic experts (hydrocrats) and the vision of a 'civilising mission' of water management (hydraulic mission) gradually faded away with the arrival of reflexive modernity from the 1960s, in socialist Czechoslovakia the situation was different. Despite the fact they faced analogous challenges (environmental issues, economisation), the technocratic character of state socialism enabled socialist hydraulic engineers to secure their position and belief in transformative powers of water.

Estimations for Percentage of Impervious Area by the Use of Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Deguchi ◽  
S. Sugio
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Remote Sensing Imagery ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Urbanized Areas

This study aims to evaluate the applicability of satellite imagery in estimating the percentage of impervious area in urbanized areas. Two methods of estimation are proposed and applied to a small urbanized watershed in Japan. The area is considered under two different cases of subdivision; i.e., 14 zones and 17 zones. The satellite imageries of LANDSAT-MSS (Multi-Spectral Scanner) in 1984, MOS-MESSR(Multi-spectral Electronic Self-Scanning Radiometer) in 1988 and SPOT-HRV(High Resolution Visible) in 1988 are classified. The percentage of imperviousness in 17 zones is estimated by using these classification results. These values are compared with the ones obtained from the aerial photographs. The percent imperviousness derived from the imagery agrees well with those derived from aerial photographs. The estimation errors evaluated are less than 10%, the same as those obtained from aerial photographs.

Improving bioclimatic envelop modeling for Lichens through remote sensing based substratum correction: A study over Indian Himalaya

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Singh ◽  
R. Bajpai ◽  
R. P. Singh ◽  
D. K. Upreti
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Indian Himalaya ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Average Probability ◽  
Niche Area ◽  
Elevation Model

In alpine Himalaya, the niche map of lichens and its characteristics is a gap area. A novel approach of improving the bioclimatic envelop through use of remote sensing inputs was employed. The 19 bioclimatic indices and digital elevation model were used for training niche models through occurrence records of 33 lichen species across Indian Himalaya. Substratum correction was carried out using LU/LC data. About 45% of the total geographic area studied is found to be very conducive (with niche probability > 70%) for the growth of lichens with predictive accuracy of 91% ascertained through cross-validation. Jammu and Kashmir is having highest niche area (36.02%); however, average probability niche score is highest in Uttarakhand (81.08). Area between 27o - 28o N latitude is having highest area however average probability score is highest in 30o - 31o N. Overall maximum niche area (35.50 %) is found in the regions dominated by alpine meadow, alpine grasslands and parts of cold deserts. The potential use lies in reporting yet to be explored lichens in the Indian Himalaya.

scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Urban Areas Using Remote Sensing Images and GIS Analysis: The Case Study of Opole, Poland

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Barbara Wiatkowska ◽  
Janusz Słodczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Stokowska
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Management Procedures

Urban expansion is a dynamic and complex phenomenon, often involving adverse changes in land use and land cover (LULC). This paper uses satellite imagery from Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-8 OLI, Sentinel-2 MSI, and GIS technology to analyse LULC changes in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The research was carried out in Opole, the capital of the Opole Agglomeration (south-western Poland). Maps produced from supervised spectral classification of remote sensing data revealed that in 20 years, built-up areas have increased about 40%, mainly at the expense of agricultural land. Detection of changes in the spatial pattern of LULC showed that the highest average rate of increase in built-up areas occurred in the zone 3–6 km (11.7%) and above 6 km (10.4%) from the centre of Opole. The analysis of the increase of built-up land in relation to the decreasing population (SDG 11.3.1) has confirmed the ongoing process of demographic suburbanisation. The paper shows that satellite imagery and GIS can be a valuable tool for local authorities and planners to monitor the scale of urbanisation processes for the purpose of adapting space management procedures to the changing environment.

scholarly journals Temporal and Local Heterogeneities of Water Table Depth under Different Agricultural Water Management Conditions

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2148
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Lafond ◽  
Silvio J. Gumiere ◽  
Virginie Vanlandeghem ◽  
Jacques Gallichand ◽  
Alain N. Rousseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Table Depth ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Good Drainage

Integrated water management has become a priority for cropping systems where subirrigation is possible. Compared to conventional sprinkler irrigation, the controlling water table can lead to a substantial increase in yield and water use efficiency with less pumping energy requirements. Knowing the spatiotemporal distribution of water table depth (WTD) and soil properties should help perform intelligent, integrated water management. Observation wells were installed in cranberry fields with different water management systems: Bottom, with good drainage and controlled WTD management; Surface, with good drainage and sprinkler irrigation management; Natural, without drainage, or with imperfectly drained and conventional sprinkler irrigation. During the 2017–2020 growing seasons, WTD was monitored on an hourly basis, while precipitation was measured at each site. Multi-frequential periodogram analysis revealed a dominant periodic component of 40 days each year in WTD fluctuations for the Bottom and Surface systems; for the Natural system, periodicity was heterogeneous and ranged from 2 to 6 weeks. Temporal cross correlations with precipitation show that for almost all the sites, there is a 3 to 9 h lag before WTD rises; one exception is a subirrigation site. These results indicate that automatic water table management based on continuously updated knowledge could contribute to integrated water management systems, by using precipitation-based models to predict WTD.

scholarly journals PCAN—Part-Based Context Attention Network for Thermal Power Plant Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
Wenxin Yin ◽  
Wenhui Diao ◽  
Peijin Wang ◽  
Xin Gao ◽  
Ya Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Remote Sensing Image ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Average Precision ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Multi Scale

The detection of Thermal Power Plants (TPPs) is a meaningful task for remote sensing image interpretation. It is a challenging task, because as facility objects TPPs are composed of various distinctive and irregular components. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end detection framework for TPPs based on deep convolutional neural networks. Specifically, based on the RetinaNet one-stage detector, a context attention multi-scale feature extraction network is proposed to fuse global spatial attention to strengthen the ability in representing irregular objects. In addition, we design a part-based attention module to adapt to TPPs containing distinctive components. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and can achieve 68.15% mean average precision.

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