scholarly journals Characterizing Off-Highway Road Use with Remote-Sensing, Social Media and Crowd-Sourced Data: An Application to Grizzly Bear (Ursus Arctos) Habitat

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2547
Author(s):  
Sean P. Kearney ◽  
Terrence A. Larsen ◽  
Tristan R. H. Goodbody ◽  
Nicholas C. Coops ◽  
Gordon B. Stenhouse
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Grizzly Bear ◽  
Habitat Integrity ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Management Area

Characterizing roads is important for conservation since the relationship between road use and ecological impact can vary across species. However, road use is challenging to monitor due to limited data and high spatial-temporal variability, especially for unpaved roads, which often coincide with critical habitats. In this study, we developed and evaluated two methods to characterize off-highway road use across a large management area of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) habitat using: (1) a ‘network-based’ approach to connect human activity hotspots identified from social media posts and remotely detected disturbances and (2) an ‘image-based’ approach, in which we modeled road surface conditions and travel speed from high spatial resolution satellite imagery trained with crowd-sourced smartphone data. To assess the differences between these approaches and their utility for characterizing roads in the context of habitat integrity, we evaluated how behavioural patterns of global positioning system (GPS)-collared grizzly bears were related to road use characterized by these methods compared to (a) assuming all roads have equal human activity and (b) using a ‘reference’ road classification from a government database. The network- and image-based methods showed similar patterns of road use and grizzly bear response compared to the reference, and all three revealed nocturnal behaviour near high-use roads and better predicted grizzly bear habitat selection compared to assuming all roads had equal human activity. The network- and image-based methods show promise as cost-effective approaches to characterize road use for conservation applications where data is not available.

scholarly journals Towns and Trails Drive Carnivore Connectivity using a Step Selection Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Whittington ◽  
Robin Baron ◽  
Mark Hebblewhite ◽  
Adam T. Ford ◽  
John Paczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Grizzly Bear ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Movement Models ◽  
Step Selection Functions ◽  
Step Selection

AbstractGlobal increases in human activity threaten connectivity of animal populations. Protection and restoration of animal movement corridors requires robust models to forecast the effects of human activity on connectivity. Recent advances in the field of animal movement ecology and step selection functions offer new approaches for estimating connectivity. We show how a combination of hidden Markov movement models and step selection functions can be used to simulate realistic movement paths with multiple behavioral states. Simulated paths can be used to generate utilization distributions and estimate changes in connectivity for multiple land use scenarios. We applied movement models to 20 years of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) and gray wolf (Canis lupus) data collected in and around Banff National Park, Canada. These carnivores avoided areas near towns in all seasons, avoided areas of high trail density in most seasons, and campgrounds during summer and fall. We simulated movement paths for three landscape scenarios: reference conditions with no anthropogenic development, current conditions, and future conditions with expanded town footprints and trail networks. We counted the number of paths that crossed valley-wide, digital transects through mountain tourist towns of Banff and Canmore, Alberta. We divided current and future crossing rates by the reference crossing rates to estimate connectivity. Current connectivity rates ranged between 7 and 45% of reference values with an average of 21% for grizzly bears and 25% for wolves. Potential town expansion and increased development of trails further decreased connectivity an average of 6% in future scenarios. Anthropogenic developments reduced the amount of available high quality large carnivore habitat in the Bow Valley by an average of 14% under current conditions and 16% under future conditions. Our approach for estimating connectivity provides a robust and flexible method for combining movement models with step selection analyses to estimate connectivity for a variety of species.

Factor Analysis among the variables relating to purpose of using social media websites and nonacceptance of social media in recruitment

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-248
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Hiring Process ◽  
To Come ◽  
New Strategies

In the era of Globalization, advancement of technology and stiff competition, particularly, in the I.T. Industry, companies have to adopt new H.R. strategies and practices so as to constantly evolve and grow. In this context, existing recruitment strategies have to be replaced by new strategies. Many companies are now extensively depending on the internet to connect to larger audiences globally. Organizations are in a position to attract profiles, resumes from potential candidates by announcing their vacancies on their own websites. E-recruitment is evoking interest among the companies typically over the last few years. The spread of information technology and growth of Internet has paved way for companies willing to hunt for talent on the job seeking websites. In the years to come, social networking will soon be an indispensable part of the hiring process. It is cost effective, does not require setting up an office and forms an effective tool for recruiters. The main purpose of this study was to understand the application of factor analysis in social science research and to reduce a large number of variables into manageable smaller factors for further analysis of the employers’ perception on social media recruitment with reference to the I.T. Sector in Bangalore.

Addressing Military Sexual Violence by Proposing a Social Media Influencer Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2199406
Author(s):  
Roberto Cancio
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Group Solidarity ◽  
Central Values ◽  
Reference Sections ◽  
Media Intervention ◽  
Present Systematic Review

Military sexual violence (MSV) is a prevalent issue that uniquely affects mission readiness. Although research on MSV and social media is growing, examinations of possible interventions like those employing social media in this population are scant. Given the growing interest in targeting MSV, the present systematic review was conducted. The PRISMA framework was used to conduct a systematic review of MSV and social media ( N = 71). Queries were limited to articles published between 2010 and 2020. SAGE Journals, PubMed, and JSTOR were utilized. Terms and potential combinations were entered into the databases in varying Boolean combinations. Additional recorders were identified for inclusion via the reference sections of relevant records. After removing duplicates from the query results, we selected records of suspected relevance by title and screened abstracts. Finally, articles with relevant abstracts were reviewed thoroughly to determine whether they met inclusion criteria for the review. The employments of military leaders in a social media intervention puts into practice the military’s central values and development of its leadership core. This intervention promotes group solidarity while maximizing conversations around meaningful messages. Findings in this review suggest military leaders could feasibly employ a cost-effective global intervention using social media, as a tool to help actively address MSV.

A grizzly bear from the Middle Wisconsin of Woodbridge, Ontario

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Churcher ◽  
Alan V. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Grizzly Bears ◽  
Grizzly Bear ◽  
Bone Fragment ◽  
Mammuthus Primigenius ◽  
Ursus Arctos Horribilis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lake Simcoe ◽  
Left Humerus ◽  
Woolly Mammoth

The distal end of the left humerus of a grizzly bear, Ursus arctos, has been recovered from above the Early Wisconsin Sunnybrook Till at Woodbridge, Ontario, from the same horizon that previously has yielded remains of the woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius. The age of these specimens is estimated at 40 000–50 000 years BP, within the mid-Wisconsin, Port Talbot Interstadial. The only other recognized Canadian record of a grizzly bear east of Manitoba is from a gravel sequence at Barrie, near Lake Simcoe, Ontario, dated from a bone fragment to 11 700 ± 250 years BP. A specimen recovered in Toronto in 1913 from an Early Wisconsin horizon is also considered to represent the grizzly. Bears of the grizzly type, Ursus arctos-horribilis were present in Ontario before and after the Early and Late Wisconsin ice advances.

scholarly journals Gray Wolves, Canis lupus, Killed by Cougars, Puma concolor, and a Grizzly Bear, Ursus arctos, in Montana, Alberta, and Wyoming

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Jimenez ◽  
Valpa J. Asher ◽  
Carita Bergman ◽  
Edward E. Bangs ◽  
Susannah P. Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Grizzly Bear ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Large Predators

Four cases where large predators caused Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) mortality are recorded. We describe two incidents of Cougars (Puma concolar) killing Wolves in Montana and one incident of a Cougar killing a Wolf in Alberta. We report the first recorded incident of a Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) killing a Wolf in the western United States.

scholarly journals Membangun Branding Produk UMKM Melalui Media Sosial Tiktok

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-289
Author(s):  
Lian Fawahan ◽  
Ita Marianingsih Purnasari
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
The Future ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Future Business ◽  
Internet Network

The occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic  makes many MSMEs have to lose money and go out of business, whereas in Indonesia the most important joint that sustains the wheels of the country's economy is MSMEs. In addition to the pandemic, the challenge of MSMEs is rise of the digital economy movement is very  rapid  for making    MSMEs  demanded to understand information technology. The covid-19 pandemic is increasingly encouraging human activity through the internet network. One of the simplest steps to build a brand through TikTok social media. In  2020 number of downloads amounted to 63.3 million both in the Apple store and the play store the best-selling application is TikTok. Indonesia  is the downloader of the application amounting to 11% of the total downloads of tiktok application, with tiktok MSME actors can build their product brand, considering it does not require a lot of cost and energy. The potential of the wider market and the future business will also be a consideration because tiktok social media is widely used by millennials who have high consumptive power.  This study uses qualitative descriptive, uses literature studies quoted from book journals as well as relevant websites. The purpose of this study is to encourage MSMEs to have a good brand so that they can compete with other products, and through social media, especially TikTok, the MSME market segment can be wider internationally. Considering that social media has eliminated geography, meaning that when it can go viral social media, everyone can see MSME products. Keywords: MSMEs, Branding, TikTok

scholarly journals Validating accelerometry-derived proxies of energy expenditure using the doubly-labelled water method in the smallest penguin species

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. bio.055475
Author(s):  
G. J. Sutton ◽  
J. A. Botha ◽  
J. R. Speakman ◽  
J. P. Y. Arnould
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Specific Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding energy use is central to understanding an animal's physiological and behavioural ecology. However, directly measuring energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is inherently difficult. The doubly-labelled water (DLW) method is widely used to investigate energy expenditure in a range of taxa. Although reliable, DLW data collection and analysis is both financially costly and time consuming. Dynamic body acceleration (e.g. VeDBA) calculated from animal-borne accelerometers has been used to determine behavioural patterns, and is increasingly being used as a proxy for energy expenditure. Still its performance as a proxy for energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is not well established and requires validation against established methods. In the present study, the relationship between VeDBA and the at-sea metabolic rate calculated from DLW was investigated in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) using three approaches. Both in a simple correlation and activity-specific approaches were shown to be good predictors of at-sea metabolic rate. The third approach using activity-specific energy expenditure values obtained from literature did not accurately calculate the energy expended by individuals. However, all three approaches were significantly strengthened by the addition of mean horizontal travel speed. These results provide validation for the use of accelerometry as a proxy for energy expenditure and show how energy expenditure may be influenced by both individual behaviour and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals P112 SMILE: Sustaining Medical Education In a Lockdown Environment.Using social media to develop a free online access medical education platform during lockdown

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pascoe ◽  
Paul Foster ◽  
Muntasha Quddus ◽  
Angeliki Kosti ◽  
Francesca Guest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Online Access ◽  
Education Platform

Abstract Introduction SMILE is a free online access medical education (FOAMEd) platform created by two UK surgical trainees and a medical student that delivered over 200 medical lectures during lockdown. Method The role of Social Media in the development of SMILE was interrogated using a survey sent to all SMILE participants and by analysing activity on SMILE social media platforms. Results 1306 students responded to the online survey with 57.2% saying they heard of SMILE through Facebook. Engagement using facebook remained highest with 13,819 members, over 800 user comments and >16,000 user reactions. 4% of the students heard of SMILE through Twitter or Instagram. Facebook analytics revealed the highest level of traffic when lectures were most commonly held suggesting students used Facebook to access lectures. Other educators were able to find SMILE on social media, leading to collaborations with other platforms. Throughout the survey many mentioned how social media created and maintained a community of medical students enhancing group-based learning Conclusions We demonstrate that social media platforms provide popular and cost-effective methods to promote, sustain & deliver medical education for students and educators.

Research shows role of pre-hire and post-hire outcomes in effectiveness of social media recruitment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recruitment Methods ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Talent Retention ◽  
Credible Information ◽  
Recruitment Tool

Purpose The authors were motivated to carry out their study by the increasing popularity of social media as a recruitment tool. They focused on the recruitment managers as previous studies have concentrated on the experiences of the candidates. Design/methodology/approach The authors wanted to test two hypotheses. The first one was split into two parts – Hypothesis 1A was that: “Recruiters intentions to adopt SMR are significantly related to pre-hire ROs.” And Hypothesis 1B was that: “Recruiters intentions to adopt SMR are significantly related to post-hire ROs.” Their second hypothesis was that: “CS (credibility and satisfaction) will mediate the relationship between SMR intention and ROs”. They surveyed 240 recruitment managers in the manufacturing and services sector, in Gujarat, India. Findings The results confirmed both of the hypotheses. Firstly, the responses showed that recruiters intended to use social media as it provides pre-hire benefits. Similarly, results showed SMR is more compatible, less complex and ensures better trialability and observability. Secondly, the research showed SMR intentions are significantly related to post-hire ROs. The study proved that SMR was “cost-effective, attracts better talents and retains them”. Originality/value The study suggested social media sites like Facebook could maximize the number of applicants and be more effective than traditional advertising in targeting passive job seekers. Second, it showed managers could optimize their SM post-hire outcomes to improve talent retention. Third, the results suggested that SMR could attract dream candidates by providing credible information. Finally, HR departments needed to understand social media complements rather than replaces traditional recruitment methods.

Always On

2017 ◽  
pp. 314-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Promotional Strategies ◽  
Ideal Method

Social media is often viewed as a solution to service sector engagement issues, since it presents a cost-effective alternative to traditional promotional strategies; acting both as a promotional platform and a forum for customer engagement. Social media is increasingly being used by service sector organisations to engage with communities and create dialogue between organisations and their service users. In a world where consumers are increasingly ‘always on', the challenge is how to effectively use social media as a key promotional, communications and engagement tool, and to move its use from broadcast platforms to forums for online customer engagement. The aim of this chapter is to understand how service sector organisations are engaging with social media platforms and customer communities; to identify whether, in an ‘always on' world, this represents the ideal method of community building, or whether it is being used as a more cost effective broadcast tool; and to identify areas of good practice.

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