scholarly journals Identification of Typical Solid Hazardous Chemicals Based on Hyperspectral Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2608
Author(s):  
Yanlong Sun ◽  
Xinming Qian ◽  
Yangyang Liu ◽  
Jianwei Wang ◽  
Qunbo Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Spectral Curve ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Strontium Nitrate ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Spectral Curves ◽  
Matching Degree

The identification of hazardous chemicals based on hyperspectral imaging is an important emergent means for the prevention of explosion accidents and the early warning of secondary hazards. In this study, we used a combination of spectral curve matching based on full-waveform characteristics and spectral matching based on spectral characteristics to identify the hazardous chemicals, and proposed a method to quantitatively characterize the matching degree of the spectral curves of hazardous chemicals. The results showed that the four hazardous chemicals, sulfur, red phosphorus, potassium permanganate, and corn starch had bright colors, distinct spectral curve characteristics, and obvious changes in reflectivity, which were easy to identify. Moreover, the matching degree of their spectral curves was positively correlated with their reflectivity. However, the spectral characteristics of carbon powder, strontium nitrate, wheat starch, and magnesium–aluminum alloy powder were not obvious, with no obvious characteristic peaks or trends of change in reflectivity. Except for the reflectivity and the matching degree of the carbon powder being maintained at a low level, the reflectivity of the remaining three samples was relatively close, so that it was difficult to identify with the spectral curves alone, and color information should be considered for further identification.

Cereal grain digestion by selected strains of ruminal fungi

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
Y. Dong ◽  
L. J. Yanke ◽  
H. D. Bae ◽  
K.-J. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Neocallimastix Patriciarum ◽  
Grain Starch

The ruminal fungi Orpinomyces joyonii strain 19-2, Neocallimastix patriciarum strain 27, and Piromyces communis strain 22 were examined for their ability to digest cereal starch. All strains digested corn starch more readily than barley or wheat starch. Orpinomyces joyonii 19-2 exhibited the greatest propensity to digest starch in wheat and barley, whereas the digestion of these starches by N. patriciarum 27 and P. communis 22 was limited. Media ammonia concentrations were lower when fungal growth was evident, suggesting that all strains assimilate ammonia. Fungi formed extensive rhizoidal systems on the endosperm of corn, but O. joyonii 19-2 was the only strain to form such systems on the endosperm of wheat and barley. All strains penetrated the protein matrix of corn but did not penetrate starch granules. Starch granules from all three cereals were pitted, evidence of extensive digestion by extracellular amylases produced by O. joyonii 19-2. Similar pitting was observed on the surface of corn starch granules digested by N. patriciarum 27 and P. communis 22, but not on wheat and barley starch granules. The ability of ruminal fungi to digest cereal grains depends on both the strain of fungus and the type of grain. The extent to which fungi digest cereal grain in the rumen remains to be determined.Key words: ruminal fungi, cereal grain, starch digestion, ruminant.

scholarly journals Spectral curves are transcendental

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Braden
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Curve ◽  
Spectral Curves ◽  
Arithmetic Properties ◽  
A Charge

AbstractSome arithmetic properties of spectral curves are discussed: the spectral curve, for example, of a charge $$n\ge 2$$ n ≥ 2 Euclidean BPS monopole is not defined over $$\overline{\mathbb {Q}}$$ Q ¯ if smooth.

Camouflage Target Identification Based on Hyperspectral Imaging System

2011 ◽  
Vol 135-136 ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Na Ding ◽  
Jiao Bo Gao ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Tunable Filter ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Infrared Band ◽  
Target Segmentation ◽  
Pseudo Color

A novel system of implementing target identification with hyperspectral imaging system based on acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) was proposed. The system consists of lens, AOTF, AOTF driver, CCD and image collection installation. Owing to the high spatial and spectral resolution, the system can operate in the spectral range from visible light to near infrared band. An experiment of detecting and recognizing of two different kinds of camouflage armets from background was presented. When the characteristic spectral wave bands are 680nm and 750nm, the two camouflage armets exhibit different spectral characteristic. The target camouflage armets in the hyperspectral images are distinct from background and the contrast of armets and background is increased. The image fusion, target segmentation and pick-up of those images with especial spectral characteristics were realized by the Hyperspectral Imaging System. The 600nm, 680nm, and 750nm images were processed by the Pseudo color fusion algorithm, thus the camouflage armets are more easily observed by naked eyes. Experimental results confirm that AOTF hyperspectral imaging system can acquire image of high contrast, and has the ability of detecting and identification camouflage objects.

Effect of Plant Starch on the Production of Glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1502-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hong Liang ◽  
Gong Ling Zhao ◽  
Zu Feng Guo ◽  
Yu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Glucoamylase Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sweet Potato Starch

Abstract. Glucoamylase is an inducible enzyme and generally induced in the presence of starch. Corn starch, wheat starch, sweet potato starch and potato starch were used as the carbon sources to produce the glucoamylase by A. niger FJL0801. The results showed that the maximum glucoamylase activity was 594.511.7 U/mL when 4% sweet potato starch was used as the carbon source, its enzyme activity was increased by 34.9% than potato starch, by 17.2% than wheat starch and by 4.6% than corn starch. In the four media, the adaptive phage of A. niger FJL0801 were all 0-12 h, the logarithmic growth phase all 12-60 h, and the stationary phase all 60-192 h. The maximum biomass of the strain was 1.950.09 μg/mL in the corn starch medium. The glucoamylase activity was inversely proportional to the growth rate of A. niger FJL0801. The final pH value was all within 6.960.057.110.07 in the four midia. There was no significant difference at 0.05 probability level between the pH of the four media at the same fermentation time. The pH change was not the reason for glucoamylase activity by A. niger FJL0801 used different plant starch.

scholarly journals Study of the best decocting time of sun dried ginseng by using the hyperspectral imaging technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650006
Author(s):  
Qing He ◽  
Lan Liang ◽  
Zhenqiang Chen ◽  
Qichang Pang ◽  
Jing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Equilibrium Condition ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Spectral Curves ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging System

In this research, a new method based on the hyperspectral imaging for searching the best decocting time of sun dried ginseng is reported. The spectral images at different decocting time of test sample have been taken by the staring hyperspectral fluorescence imaging system and the solubility of active ingredients have been discussed by analyzing the changes on the spectral curves. The spectral range of the system is 400–720[Formula: see text]nm and the spectral resolution is 5[Formula: see text]nm. In the decocting process, the active ingredients of nonsoaked ginseng was dissolved in the tissue fluid at first, and reached equilibrium condition at last after the precipitation–dissolution reciprocating process of boiling. At last, the experimental results show that the best decoction time of sun dried ginseng is about 60[Formula: see text]min after boiling.

scholarly journals Assessing the Spectral Characteristics of Dye- and Pigment-Based Inkjet Prints by VNIR Hyperspectral Imaging

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Lukáš Krauz ◽  
Petr Páta ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Hyperspectral Image ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hyperspectral Image Processing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hyperspectral Camera

Fine art photography, paper documents, and other parts of printing that aim to keep value are searching for credible techniques and mediums suitable for long-term archiving purposes. In general, long-lasting pigment-based inks are used for archival print creation. However, they are very often replaced or forged by dye-based inks, with lower fade resistance and, therefore, lower archiving potential. Frequently, the difference between the dye- and pigment-based prints is hard to uncover. Finding a simple tool for countrified identification is, therefore, necessary. This paper assesses the spectral characteristics of dye- and pigment-based ink prints using visible near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging. The main aim is to show the spectral differences between these ink prints using a hyperspectral camera and subsequent hyperspectral image processing. Two diverse printers were exploited for comparison, a hobby dye-based EPSON L1800 and a professional pigment-based EPSON SC-P9500. The identical prints created via these printers on three different types of photo paper were recaptured by the hyperspectral camera. The acquired pixel values were studied in terms of spectral characteristics and principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, the obtained spectral differences were quantified by the selected spectral metrics. The possible usage for print forgery detection via VNIR hyperspectral imaging is discussed in the results.

Development of a polarized hyperspectral imaging system for investigation of absorption and scattering properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Li Xu ◽  
Alexia Gobrecht ◽  
Nathalie Gorretta ◽  
Daphné Héran ◽  
Aoife A Gowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Sand Sample ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Spectral Curves ◽  
Standard Normal Variate ◽  
Model Matrix

This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of an original polarized hyperspectral imaging setup in the spectral range of 400–1100 nm for enhancement of absorbance signal measurement on highly scattering samples. Spatial response and spectral calibration have been verified, indicating the consistency of this system and reliability of the acquired data. Model samples consisting of layered sand were prepared and used to uncover the hidden spectral information. In the model matrix, sand worked as scattering particle and dye E141 as absorbing material. Cross ([Formula: see text]) and parallel ([Formula: see text]) reflectance signals, along with the back-scattered reflectance, [Formula: see text]([Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]) and the weakly scattered reflectance [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]−[Formula: see text]) spectra were computed and compared. Results demonstrated that cross-polarized images showed more subsurface information from the second layer due to the rejection of the superficial reflectance, while weakly scattered reflectance ([Formula: see text]) preserved only the surface information from the first layer. In addition, polarized light spectroscopy absorbance based on Dahm's equation in the frame of the representative layer theory and standard normal variate preprocessing [Formula: see text] spectra were also obtained from the prepared model matrix. The visual inspection of spectral curves revealed that [Formula: see text] and PoLiS absorbance showed two narrow peaks at 405 nm and 630 nm that were less impacted by multi-scattering effects. Partial least squares regression models were developed to predict dye concentration in the mixture sample. Consistent with the spectral profiles, [Formula: see text] and PoLiS absorbance presented the best model performances with determination of coefficients of prediction ([Formula: see text]) equal to 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. The resulting distribution maps of S1/S2 sand sample again confirmed the superior performance of [Formula: see text] and PoLiS absorbance, manifesting their better ability to reveal chemically related information. The overall results obtained in this research showed that the developed polarized-hyperspectral imaging system coupled with scattering correction methods has great potential for the analysis of powdered or turbid samples.

scholarly journals Assessing Laser Cleaning of a Limestone Monument by Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) and Visible and Near-Infrared (VNIR) Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Costanza Cucci ◽  
Olga De Pascale ◽  
Giorgio S. Senesi
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Invasive Approach

Fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) and visible and near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) were applied to assess and control the laser cleaning process of a deeply darkened limestone surface collected from the historic entrance gate of Castello Svevo, Bari, Italy. Both techniques enabled us to verify the different degree of removal of a thick deposit of black crust from the surface of the walls. Results obtained were in good agreement with those of previous studies of the elemental composition achieved by application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Coupling FORS and VNIR-HSI provided important information on the optimal conditions to evaluate the conservation status and determine the more appropriate level of cleaning restoration, thus avoiding over- and/or under-cleaning. Imaging spectroscopy was used to obtain maps of areas featuring the same or different spectral characteristics, so to achieve a sufficient removal of unwanted layers, without modifying the surface underneath, and to increase the efficiency of traditional cleaning techniques. The performance of the combined non-invasive approach used in this work shows promise for further applications to other types of rocks and highlights the potential for in situ assessment of the laser cleaning process based on reflectance spectroscopy.

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