scholarly journals Remote Sensing of Urban Poverty and Gentrification

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4022
Author(s):  
Li Lin ◽  
Liping Di ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Liying Guo ◽  
Yahui Di
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The World

In the past few decades, most urban areas in the world have been facing the pressure of an increasing population living in poverty. A recent study has shown that up to 80% of the population of some cities in Africa fall under the poverty line. Other studies have shown that poverty is one of the main contributors to residents’ poor health and social conflict. Reducing the number of people living in poverty and improving their living conditions have become some of the main tasks for many nations and international organizations. On the other hand, urban gentrification has been taking place in the poor neighborhoods of all major cities in the world. Although gentrification can reduce the poverty rate and increase the GDP and tax revenue of cities and potentially bring opportunities for poor communities, it displaces the original residents of the neighborhoods, negatively impacting their living and access to social services. In order to support the sustainable development of cities and communities and improve residents’ welfare, it is essential to identify the location, scale, and dynamics of urban poverty and gentrification, and remote sensing can play a key role in this. This paper reviews, summarizes, and evaluates state-of-the-art approaches for identifying and mapping urban poverty and gentrification with remote sensing, GIS, and machine learning techniques. It also discusses the pros and cons of remote sensing approaches in comparison with traditional approaches. With remote sensing approaches, both spatial and temporal resolutions for the identification of poverty and gentrification have been dramatically increased, while the economic cost is significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Prediction of Bike Sharing Demand

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnima Sachdeva ◽  
K N Sarvanan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Linear Combination ◽  
Random Forests ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Health Consciousness ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
The World ◽  
Bike Sharing

Bike sharing systems have been gaining prominence all over the world with more than 500 successful systems being deployed in major cities like New York, Washington, London. With an increasing awareness of the harms of fossil based mean of transportation, problems of traffic congestion in cities and increasing health consciousness in urban areas, citizens are adopting bike sharing systems with zest. Even developing countries like India are adopting the trend with a bike sharing system in the pipeline for Karnataka. This paper tackles the problem of predicting the number of bikes which will be rented at any given hour in a given city, henceforth referred to as the problem of ‘Bike Sharing Demand’. In this vein, this paper investigates the efficacy of standard machine learning techniques namely SVM, Regression, Random Forests, Boosting by implementing and analyzing their performance with respect to each other.This paper also presents two novel methods, Linear Combination and Discriminating Linear Combination, for the ‘Bike Sharing Demand’ problem which supersede the aforementioned techniques as good estimates in the real world.

Socioeconomic Challenges and Opportunities of Urbanization in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 937-958
Author(s):  
Ismaila Rimi Abubakar ◽  
Umar Lawal Dano
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Nigeria, with a population of about 186 million people (48% living in urban areas) in 2016, is the most populous country in Africa and eighth in the world, and by 2050 it is projected to become the third largest country in the world. This chapter highlights major challenges of rapid urbanization in Nigeria, caused mainly by in-migration of rural dwellers in search of better living conditions and employment opportunities. They include unemployment and urban poverty, social exclusion and crimes, poor housing and slum, inadequate provision of public services and proliferation of the informal sector. Notwithstanding, Nigeria can exploit these urbanization challenges and turn them into opportunities for socioeconomic development. As such, some key opportunities for sustainable urbanization in Nigeria has been discussed: (a) local economic development; (b) promoting urban sustainability; and (c) smart and knowledge city initiative. The chapter concludes with some future research directions.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Male Internal Migration and Its Correlation to Employment Status: Evidence from the Punjab

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Lubna Shahnaz ◽  
Surayya Surayya
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Migration plays a pivotal role in the reallocation of human resources under changing demand and supply conditions. Migration takes place when an individual decides that it is preferable to move rather than to stay and where the difficulties of moving seem to be less than the expected rewards. In recent years there has been a trend of increasing migration rates. The United Nations (2000) estimates that about 140 million persons (roughly 2 per cent of the world’s population) reside in a country where they are not born.1 Usually migration takes place from the regions that are associated with poverty and insecurity towards regions which offer greater security of life, employment and basic social services. Poverty pushes people to migrate to urban areas-the outcome, the world’s urban population approaches 2.3 billion by 1990 with 61 per cent living in the metropolitan areas of developing countries and touches 66 per cent in 2000 (United Nations). Within the world Asia has about 15 of the largest cities of the world and most of them are growing at more than 5 per cent per annum. Increased rate of natural growth, immigration and rural-urban migration might be the causes of such a high rate of growth of urban population.

scholarly journals Sustainable development, planning and poverty alleviation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Bolay ◽  
◽  
Eléonore Labattut ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
World Population ◽  
The South ◽  
The World

In 2018, the world population is around 7.6 billion, 4.2 billion in urban settlements and 3.4 billion in rural areas. Of this total, according to UN-Habitat, 3.2 billion of urban inhabitants live in southern countries. Of them, one billion, or nearly a third, live in slums. Urban poverty is therefore an endemic problem that has not been solved despite all initiatives taken to date by public and private sectors. This global transformation of our contemporary societies is particularly challenging in Asia and Africa, knowing that on these two continents, less than half of the population currently lives in urban areas. In addition, over the next decades, 90% of the urbanization process will take place in these major regions of the world. Urban planning is not an end in itself. It is a way, human and technological, to foresee the future and to act in a consistent and responsible way in order to guarantee the wellbeing of the populations residing in cities or in their peripheries. Many writers and urban actors in the South have criticized the inadequacy of urban planning to the problems faced by the cities confronting spatial and demographic growth. For many of them the reproduction of Western models of planning is ineffective when the urban context responds to very different logics. It is therefore a question of reinventing urban planning on different bases. And in order to address the real problems that urban inhabitants and authorities are facing, and offering infrastructures and access to services for all, this with the prospect of reducing poverty, to develop a more inclusive city, with a more efficient organization, in order to make it sustainable, both environmental than social and economic. The field work carried out during recent years in small and medium-sized cities in Burkina Faso, Brazil, Argentina and Vietnam allows us to focus the attention of specialists and decision makers on intermediate cities that have been little studied but which are home to half of the world's urban population. From local diagnoses, we come to a first conclusion. Many small and medium-sized cities in the South can be considered as poor cities, from four criteria. They have a relatively large percentage of the population is considered to be poor; the local government and its administration do not have enough money to invest in solving the problems they face; these same authorities lack the human resources to initiate and manage an efficient planning process; urban governance remains little open to democratic participation and poorly integrates social demand into its development plans. Based on this analysis, we consider it is imperative to renovate urban planning as part of a more participatory process that meets the expectations of citizens with more realistic criteria. This process incorporates different stages: an analysis grounded on the identification of urban investment needed to improve the city; the consideration of the social demands; a realistic assessment of the financial resources to be mobilized (municipal budget, taxes, public and international external grants, public private partnership); a continuous dialogue between urban actors to determine the urban priorities to be addressed in the coming years. This protocol serves as a basis for comparative studies between cities in the South and a training program initiated in Argentina for urban actors in small and medium sized cities, which we wish to extend later to other countries of the South

scholarly journals Remote Sensing-Based Proxies for Urban Disaster Risk Management and Resilience: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Ghaffarian ◽  
Norman Kerle ◽  
Tatiana Filatova
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Urban Economics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Data Types

Rapid increase in population and growing concentration of capital in urban areas has escalated both the severity and longer-term impact of natural disasters. As a result, Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and reduction have been gaining increasing importance for urban areas. Remote sensing plays a key role in providing information for urban DRM analysis due to its agile data acquisition, synoptic perspective, growing range of data types, and instrument sophistication, as well as low cost. As a consequence numerous methods have been developed to extract information for various phases of DRM analysis. However, given the diverse information needs, only few of the parameters of interest are extracted directly, while the majority have to be elicited indirectly using proxies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the proxies developed for two risk elements typically associated with pre-disaster situations (vulnerability and resilience), and two post-disaster elements (damage and recovery), while focusing on urban DRM. The proxies were reviewed in the context of four main environments and their corresponding sub-categories: built-up (buildings, transport, and others), economic (macro, regional and urban economics, and logistics), social (services and infrastructures, and socio-economic status), and natural. All environments and the corresponding proxies are discussed and analyzed in terms of their reliability and sufficiency in comprehensively addressing the selected DRM assessments. We highlight strength and identify gaps and limitations in current proxies, including inconsistencies in terminology for indirect measurements. We present a systematic overview for each group of the reviewed proxies that could simplify cross-fertilization across different DRM domains and may assist the further development of methods. While systemizing examples from the wider remote sensing domain and insights from social and economic sciences, we suggest a direction for developing new proxies, also potentially suitable for capturing functional recovery.

Socioeconomic Challenges and Opportunities of Urbanization in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismaila Rimi Abubakar ◽  
Umar Lawal Dano
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Nigeria, with a population of about 186 million people (48% living in urban areas) in 2016, is the most populous country in Africa and eighth in the world, and by 2050 it is projected to become the third largest country in the world. This chapter highlights major challenges of rapid urbanization in Nigeria, caused mainly by in-migration of rural dwellers in search of better living conditions and employment opportunities. They include unemployment and urban poverty, social exclusion and crimes, poor housing and slum, inadequate provision of public services and proliferation of the informal sector. Notwithstanding, Nigeria can exploit these urbanization challenges and turn them into opportunities for socioeconomic development. As such, some key opportunities for sustainable urbanization in Nigeria has been discussed: (a) local economic development; (b) promoting urban sustainability; and (c) smart and knowledge city initiative. The chapter concludes with some future research directions.

Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana: Well Intended Poorly Executed

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhubala Swami
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Support Mechanism ◽  
Financial Responsibility ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Institutional Linkages ◽  
Self Help Groups

Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) was introduced by the Indian Government in 1997-98 as an initiative to create self-employment opportunities to alleviate urban poverty. Under this scheme the Central and the State governments share the financial responsibility in the ratio of 75:25 for providing subsidised loans to the self-help groups (SHGs) promoted by local government bodies in urban areas. Various studies conducted on this scheme all over India indicate that due to various lacunae in the implementation of the scheme it has failed to achieve the objective of poverty alleviation through self-employment generation. This study is based on a random sample of SHGs from below poverty line households in Thane city for the implementation of SJSRY. The study shows that SJSRY has not achieved the desired results due to poor implementation. While greater emphasis was laid on the delivery of financial assistance, other vital linkages and support mechanism did not get the desired attention. The scheme can do well if an ecosystem is created by establishing institutional linkages for training, marketing and technical support for the SHGs combined with a fool proof supervisory framework to monitor the scheme.

scholarly journals Basic income and its applicability in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 6-26
Author(s):  
Senem Çakmak Şahin ◽  
İbrahim Engin Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractIn search of justice in income distribution and easy access to necessities by everyone, basic income (BI) has become one of the main topics of conversation. However, there is no comprehensive study on the cost and effect of BI in Turkey. This study aims to set a theoretical framework for BI, compare different views on the topic, evaluate implementations from the world, and analyze the feasibility of a BI program in Turkey by estimating its costs and distributional consequences using a tax–benefit microsimulation. The results show that, although it improves the income distribution, implementing a basic income scheme financed by income tax would impose a significant burden on the upper half of the income distribution due to widespread poverty and income inequality. In the baseline, individual-based scenario, every individual aged 15 or above is granted a BI equal to the poverty line, while children below age 15 are granted 30 percent of this amount. This plan costs 17.77 percent of the gross domestic product and it is covered by multiplying current income tax by 3.54. Implementation of this plan decreases the poverty rate from 12.43 percent to zero and the Gini index from 0.388 to 0.181.

scholarly journals Bagaimana Peluang Pengguna E-commerce, E-banking dan Internet di Indonesia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-262
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abrar
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Development Goals

The use of information technology can accelerate the Sustainable Development Goals. Research on the use of information technology to reduce poverty, especially in Indonesia, is still very limited. Amid the issue of many conventional retail closings and a decline in people's purchasing power, e-commerce with the help of e-banking can survive in the market. Therefore, research is needed on the opportunity to use these three services from the demand side, namely households as the largest contributor to GDP. In this study using Susenas March 2017 data from BPS and logistic regression methods. The number of samples in this study was 926,218 individuals. The results showed that individuals with working characteristics, young age, owning cell phones, university graduates, using computers, living in Java and urban areas, and having per capita expenditure above the poverty line in urban districts have a greater chance of becoming users of all three services. Although the gap in users of the three services cannot be avoided, policies are needed to provide adequate and equitable infrastructure and increase digital literacy.

scholarly journals Sustainable Neighborhoods in Arab world; a Path Towards Sustainability

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Samah M. El-khateeb
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Arab World ◽  
World Population ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainability Principles

In the last years, the world has jumped rapidly towards more urbanisation, and for the first time in the history in 2008 urban population exceeded the rural population. By 2050, it is expected that two-thirds of the world population will live in urban areas. As a result of this rapid urbanisation worldwide, Sustainable Neighbourhoods SN emerged as a significant formation of cities that help in achieving sustainable development. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development included this sustainability aim through the Sustainable Development Goal 11. This goal aims to “make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.”The Sustainable City in Dubai is located in the United Arab Emirates, the development and construction started in 2014, and 95% of the site was completed in mid of 2016. The development of the Sustainable City shows that the occupation residents will have many incentives to buy a villa and live in the city such as free rooftop solar systems, open landscaped gardens, free Green Star rated home appliances, zero net maintenance fees, and zero net service charges. Additionally, the sustainable city in Dubai is an educational hub for sustainable design. It sponsored many students through its agreements with different universities and research labs. This research aims to understand the case of the sustainable city in Dubai as an Example of SN in the Arab world. The research will start with a literature review that identifies all related terminologies to SN, besides a comprehensive analysis of some fundamental principles of SN design. A case study analysis will be done including; site visit, and applying one of the principles of SN on the sustainable city in Dubai to understand and explore the sustainability principles in it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document