scholarly journals Smart Meeting Room Usage Information and Prediction by Modelling Occupancy Profiles

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unai Saralegui ◽  
Miguel Antón ◽  
Olatz Arbelaitz ◽  
Javier Muguerza
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Meeting Room ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Energy Consuming

The monitoring of small houses and rooms has become possible due to the advances in IoT sensors, actuators and low power communication protocols in the last few years. As buildings are one of the biggest energy consuming entities, monitoring them has great interest for trying to avoid non-necessary energy waste. Moreover, human behaviour has been reported as being the main discrepancy source between energy usage simulations and real usage, so the ability to monitor and predict actions as opening windows, using rooms, etc. is gaining attention to develop stronger models which may lead to reduce the overall energy consumption of buildings, considering buildings thermal inertia and additional capabilities. In this paper, a case study is described in which four meeting rooms have been monitored to obtain information about the usage of the rooms and later use it to predict their future usage. The results show the possibility to deploy a simple and non-intrusive sensing system whose output could be used to develop advanced control strategies.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence for Advanced Building Control: Energy and GHG Savings from a Case Study

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunzio Cotrufo ◽  
Etienne Saloux
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Building Operation

Model-based Predictive Control (MPC) is a promising advanced control strategy for the improvement of building operation. MPC uses a model of the building along with weather forecasts to optimize control strategies, such as indoor air temperature set-points, thermal storage charging and discharging cycles, etc. An obstacle to the adoption of MPC is the modelling step: developing a dedicated control-oriented model is a time-consuming process, requiring technical expertise and a large amount of information about the building and its operation. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a new approach for the development of MPC strategies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, aiming to map correlations among commonly available operation variables and to develop models suitable for predictive control. The proposed approach was applied in an institutional building in Varennes, QC, with the aim of reducing the natural gas consumption during the heating season. Early results show a remarkable effectiveness of the proposed approach, with a reduction of natural gas and building heating consumption of 23.9% and 6.3%, respectively.

scholarly journals Optimal schedule and temperature control of stratified water heaters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.A. Engelbrecht ◽  
MJ Ritchie ◽  
MJ Booysen
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Optimal Schedule ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Water Heaters

Water heating is a major component of domestic electrical energy usage, in some countries contributing to 25% of the residential sector energy consumption. Demand response strategies can reduce the time-of-use costs and overall electrical energy consumption. We present a method to reduce the electrical energy usage itself. Our novel heating schedule control minimises the electric water heater's energy usage without compromising user convenience. We achieve optimal control, while taking into account the natural temperature stratification of the water in the tank, using the A* search algorithm. Since previous research assumes a one-node thermal model, we also assess the effect of excluding stratification. We match three optimal control strategies to a baseline: the standard "always on'" thermostat control. The first two strategies respectively match the temperature and the energy of the hot water supplied by the water heater. The third, a variation on the second, includes a method of preventing the growth of Legionella bacteria. We tested 77 water heaters over four weeks, a week for each season, and all three strategies saved energy. The median savings were 6.3% for temperature-matching, 21.9% for energy-matching and 16.2% for energy-matching with Legionella prevention. Taking stratification into account increased these savings by 1.2%, 5.4% and 5.5% respectively.

A New Assessment Method for Energy Consumption of Thermal Power Unit

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 962-966
Author(s):  
Bin Luo ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
Yuan Xin Chen ◽  
Gui Lin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Assessment Problems

Energy consuming condition of thermal power unit is reflected by its historical operation data, but the amount of data and the number of energy consumption indices are large. And there are complex and strong correlations among them. These make it difficult to assess the energy consuming condition of unit. This paper proposes a model and method based on improved Principal Component Analysis(PCA) assessing the energy consuming condition of unit. Those assessment problems are solved well by the application of feature extraction and dimensions reducing functions of improved PCA. Meanwhile, traditional assessments’ drawbacks-subjectivity and uncertainty are avoided because the weights of components are determined completely according to the data. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model are demonstrated with a case study involving energy consumption condition analysis of a 600MW unit in China.

Research on the performance of hydraulic excavator boom based pressure and flow accordance control with independent metering circuit

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (5) ◽  
pp. 901-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Long Quan ◽  
Lei Ge
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Hydraulic Excavator ◽  
Pressure Pulsations ◽  
Load Sensing ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Physical Prototype ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Load Circuit

Applying the independent metering circuit on the excavator is an effective way to reduce energy consumption and improve the performance of the actuators, e.g. the boom in the negative load circuit. This paper aims to improve the energy efficiency and the stationarity of the boom system based on the independent metering circuit using the strategy of flow and pressure accordance, pump and valve coordinate in dynamic and static. After studying the mechanic structure of the boom, principles of the system and elements characteristics, the four control strategies are designed to settle the problems in the traditional throttling system using mechanically connected orifices valves such as the load-sensing system and new coordinate challenges brought with the multivariable. Finally, experiments based on load sensing and independent metering circuit are implemented on a physical prototype. The experimental results show that the energy consumption of the boom system falls by 15% compared to the load-sensing system; the pressure pulsations of the pump when the boom starts to move reduce from 6.9 MPa to 1.7 MPa. Therefore, the independent metering circuit and the control strategy are good configuration for the boom actuator.

scholarly journals On-Line Optimization of Energy Consumption in Electromagnetic Mill Installation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2380
Author(s):  
Szymon Ogonowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Power Measurement ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Energy Consumption Reduction ◽  
Dry Grinding ◽  
On Line ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Optimizing Control

Milling is one of the most energy consuming stages of the value production chain in many industries. To minimize the specific energy required, new and more efficient devices and circuits are designed and dedicated optimizing control strategies are applied. This research presents the results of innovative electromagnetic mill energy consumption reduction with dedicated supervisory on-line optimizing control algorithm. The paper describes an algorithm that uses the active power measurement and searches for the minimum on the active constraints of the optimization problem. The constraints follow from the product quality, mill supply voltage and magnetic induction requirements. Algorithm performance was tested in simulations, but the main validation was performed on a semi-industrial dry grinding and classification circuit equipped with an electromagnetic mill. The results of the experiments presented in this paper show that the application of the on-line optimization algorithm allows for even a 40% reduction in the electromagnetic mill energy consumption when compared to the nominal operating point.

Energy Usage Intensity of Bank Building Stock: A Case Study in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuram Pervez Amber ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Aslam ◽  
Anila Kousar ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Khan ◽  
Ghulam Qadir Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Cooling Degree Days ◽  
Automatic Teller Machines ◽  
Major Factors

Abstract Energy usage intensity (EUI, kWh/m2/year) of a building category helps energy managers and building owners in evaluating the energy performance of their buildings. Banks are energy-intensive buildings, but there is limited research published in this highly energy-intensive building category. In this paper, the energy consumption of 98 bank buildings located in different cities of the AJK region of Pakistan has been critically analyzed and their EUI value has been established. Data were collected through site visits, interviews, and questionnaires. Electricity consumption of each bank branch was normalized using the cooling degree days method and respective annual normalized EUIs were calculated. It was found through analysis that three major factors that drive electricity consumption in bank buildings in Pakistan are building's area, the number of workstations, and the number of automatic teller machines. The EUI of banks in Pakistan has been found to be 222 kWh/m2/yr, which is comparable with the same of eight other countries.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Energy Consumption at UiTMCPP library using IES simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Norasikin Hussin ◽  
Faizal Baharum ◽  
Azli Abd Razak ◽  
Muhammad Syihabuddin Suhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Meeting Room ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
Thermostat Temperature

The Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang (UiTMCPP) library building was consists of three-story including office, reading area, multi-media room, and meeting room. Based on the library record where the average number of students coming to the library is 257 students per day. In other words for an hour, only 17 students have come to the library. The occupant’s claimed that they feel uncomfortable because of the cold temperature in the building. Currently, the air conditioner’s setting temperature of the building is 17ºC and does not follow the requirement in the Malaysia Standard, MS1525. Therefore, the aim of this case study is to investigate the thermostat temperature in order to control the energy consumption and cost of saving in the library building. In this work, the set point was changed from 17ºC to 20ºC. This adjustment was referring to the MS1525. The IES<VE> software is used as the energy simulation tool to calculate and compare electricity cost and energy consumption. The finding from the simulation shows the annual energy consumption at 17°C and 20°C are 6.14Gwh per year and 5.03Gwh per year, respectively.  Thus, the energy saving was increased by 1.11Gwh per year and cost of electricity was save by RM402 thousands per annum.  Finally, it can be shown that the raising of the set point can minimize the energy consumption and electricity cost with 18% reduction per year.  

scholarly journals Efficient integration of IoT-based micro storages to improve urban drainage performance through advanced control strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Oberascher ◽  
Wolfgang Rauch ◽  
Robert Sitzenfrei
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Discharge Valve ◽  
Efficient Integration ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract The smart rain barrel (SRB) consists of a conventional rain barrel with storage volumes between 200 and 500 L, which is extended by a remotely (and centrally) controllable discharge valve. The SRB is capable to release stormwater prior precipitation events by using high-resolution weather forecasts to increase detention capacity. However, as shown in the previous work, a large-scale implementation combined with a simultaneously opening of discharge valves clearly reduce effectiveness. The aim of this work is to systematically investigate different control strategies for wet weather by evaluating their impact on sewer performance. For case study, an Alpine municipality is hypothetically retrofitted with SRBs (total additional storage volume of 181 m3). The results show that combined sewer overflow (CSO) volume and subsequently pollution mass can be reduced between 7 and 67% depending on rain characteristics (e.g., rain pattern, amount of precipitation) and applied control strategy. Effectiveness of the SRBs increases with lower CSO volume, whereas more advanced control strategies based on sewer conditions can clearly improve system's performance compared to simpler control strategies. For higher CSO volume, the SRBs can postpone start of an CSO event which is important for first-flush phenomenon.

Energy audit of a small commercial hospital building in Ranchi: A case study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ankish Aman ◽  
Bharath Bhushan ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Energy Auditing ◽  
Investment Returns ◽  
Hospital Building

Energy audit focuses on equipment energy consumption such as lighting, air-conditioning system, elevators, and other devices operating on electricity. Data of the energy consumption recorded are used to identify and rectify by presenting detailed energy audit. Temperature, humidity, and CO2 emission of the building should be measured to conduct the investigation on detail energy analysis. Building utilizes major energy usage accounting to more than 30% overall energy usage. The commissioning and audit process results in the low-energy consumption and low equipment’s cost resulting in higher investment returns. This paper presents a detailed energy audit through a case study on small commercial hospital building located in Ranchi. The pre audit phase suggests that ceiling fans and fluorescent tube lights consume more than 50% of the total energy in the hospital. The energy auditing of the building resulting in annual energy savings of 7697.32 KW i.e. 35 % annual energy saving if recommended suggestions are followed. The recommendation of low-energy consuming equipment’s have payback period less than 6 years leading to higher return rate.

Energy Consumption Pattern of Residential Buildings: Case Study of Residential Area in Batu Pahat, Johor

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaidah Jailani ◽  
◽  
Norsyalifa Mohamad ◽  
Muhammad Amirul Omar ◽  
Hauashdh Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Waste Energy ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Energy Consumption Pattern

According to the National Energy Balance report released by the Energy Commission of Malaysia in 2016, the residential sector uses 21.6% of the total energy in Malaysia. Residents waste energy through inefficient energy consumption and a lack of awareness. Building occupants are considered the main factor that influences energy consumption in buildings, and to change energy consumption on an overall scale, it is crucial to change individual behaviour. Therefore, this study focused on analysing the energy consumption pattern and the behaviour of consumers towards energy consumption in their homes in the residential area of Batu Pahat, Johor. A self-administrated questionnaire approach was employed in this study. The findings of this study showed that the excessive use of air conditioners was a significant factor in the increasing electricity bills of homeowners as well as the inefficient use of electrical appliances. Also, this study determined the effect of awareness on consumer behaviour. This study recommends ways to help minimise energy consumption in the residential area.

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