scholarly journals An Adaptive Wake-Up-Interval to Enhance Receiver-Based Ps-Mac Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sani Adam ◽  
Lip Yee Por ◽  
Mohammad Rashid Hussain ◽  
Nawsher Khan ◽  
Tan Fong Ang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Estimation Function ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Traffic Estimation

Many receiver-based Preamble Sampling Medium Access Control (PS-MAC) protocols have been proposed to provide better performance for variable traffic in a wireless sensor network (WSN). However, most of these protocols cannot prevent the occurrence of incorrect traffic convergence that causes the receiver node to wake-up more frequently than the transmitter node. In this research, a new protocol is proposed to prevent the problem mentioned above. The proposed mechanism has four components, and they are Initial control frame message, traffic estimation function, control frame message, and adaptive function. The initial control frame message is used to initiate the message transmission by the receiver node. The traffic estimation function is proposed to reduce the wake-up frequency of the receiver node by using the proposed traffic status register (TSR), idle listening times (ILTn, ILTk), and “number of wake-up without receiving beacon message” (NWwbm). The control frame message aims to supply the essential information to the receiver node to get the next wake-up-interval (WUI) time for the transmitter node using the proposed adaptive function. The proposed adaptive function is used by the receiver node to calculate the next WUI time of each of the transmitter nodes. Several simulations are conducted based on the benchmark protocols. The outcome of the simulation indicates that the proposed mechanism can prevent the incorrect traffic convergence problem that causes frequent wake-up of the receiver node compared to the transmitter node. Moreover, the simulation results also indicate that the proposed mechanism could reduce energy consumption, produce minor latency, improve the throughput, and produce higher packet delivery ratio compared to other related works.

Designing and Implementing a Lightweight WSN MAC Protocol for Smart Home Networking Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Han Chen ◽  
Ming-Yi Lin ◽  
Wen-Hung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Packet Delivery

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) represent a promising solution in the fields of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine networks for smart home applications. However, to feasibly deploy wireless sensor devices in a smart home environment, four key requirements must be satisfied: stability, compatibility, reliability routing, and performance and power balance. In this study, we focus on the unreliability problem of the IEEE 802.15.4 WSN medium access control (MAC), which is caused by the contention-based MAC protocol used for channel access. This problem results in a low packet delivery ratio, particularly in a smart home network with only a few sensor nodes. In this paper, we first propose a lightweight WSN protocol for a smart home or an intelligent building, thus replacing the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, which is highly complex and has a low packet delivery ratio. Subsequently, we describe the development of a discrete event system model for the WSN by using a GRAFCET and propose a development platform based on a reconfigurable FPGA for reducing fabrication cost and time. Finally, a prototype WSN controller ASIC chip without an extra CPU and with our proposed lightweight MAC was developed and tested. It enhanced the packet delivery ratio by up to 100%.

scholarly journals Development of a Novel Protocol for Improvement of Qos Inwireless Sensor Networks: P-Rpeh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 8496-8502
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Efficient Scheme ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
Residual Power

The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) plays an important function in wireless communication because of its top notch utility and benefits. Wireless Sensor Networks have thousands or hundreds of potential nodes, which are minute computer like, and areable of measuring the physical characteristics of the neighboring environment location and thentransmit the gathered information using wireless radio links. This paper proposes an efficient scheme for resource allocation used for the transmission of data using priority in the nodes. The protocol, Medium Access Control (MAC) has been devisedfor evaluating the performance. The parameters considered are bandwidth, energy consumption, delay, throughput andpacket delivery ratio. A new MAC protocol,”P-RPEH”(Priority that is based on the Residual Power and Energy Harvesting rate), using priority in nodes with maximumenergyis proposed. The proposed method is compared with the PRIN (Priority in Node) and PRIMA (Priority based MAC)existing protocols. The results obtained from the new protocol proves that, the newproposed protocoloutperforms the existingmethods in terms of bandwidth, delay, energy, throughput and the ratio of packets delivered

Intelligent Medium Access Control Protocol for WSN

2007 ◽  
pp. 328-333
Author(s):  
H. Malik ◽  
E. Shakshuki ◽  
M. Denko
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Medium Access Control Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Control Protocol

This article reports an ongoing research that proposes an approach to the expansion of sensor-MAC (S-MAC), a cluster-based contention protocol to intelligent medium access control (I-MAC) protocol. I-MAC protocol is designed especially for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A sensor network uses battery-operated computing and sensing devices. A network of these devices are used in many applications, such as agriculture and environmental monitoring.

scholarly journals Secure Routing with Improved Medium Access Control (SRI-MAC) Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network using Particle Swarm Optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5S3) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Swarm Optimization

A set of wireless sensor nodes comprises to form a sensor field called Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN).The main purpose of using the sensor node is to collect information from the ambience process it and send to a common gateway interface called Base Station(BS). The major problems that we face while using WSN are limited battery power, bandwidth, security issues and transmission delay etc. Many algorithms and protocols were developed in order to solve the above issues. Therefore, better solutions are required to face the improvements and challenges in the current technologies. In WSN, the sensor node highly loses its energy during communication period. One of the major issues of Medium Access Control (MAC) layer is collision. Collision increases the energy consumption and delay of the sensor node. So we have to conserve the energy of the sensor node in order to extend the lifetime of the network. At the same time it is also important to transmit the data through secure path and identify the malicious node. In this paper, we propose a novelty approach called Secure Routing with Improved Medium Access control (SRI –MAC) Protocol to solve the issues. SRIMAC identifies packet precedence sets using Fuzzy Implication System (FIS) to avoid packet collision in MAC layer and also it detects wormhole attacks and selects secure path among k-paths using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. By simulation results, we show that the proposed approach is efficient in terms of energy consumption and secure routing.

scholarly journals Minimizing the Adverse Effects of Asymmetric Links: A Novel Cooperative Asynchronous MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahedee Hasan ◽  
Amit Karmaker ◽  
Mohammad Shah Alam ◽  
Andrew Craig
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Cooperative Communication ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Link Asymmetry ◽  
Asymmetric Link ◽  
Asymmetric Links

As Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) grow in popularity, researchers are now focusing more on some challenging issues that significantly degrade overall performance, such as energy hole mitigation, link asymmetry minimization, etc. Link asymmetry is a problem that arises when the coverage distance between two adjacent nodes varies. It creates an obstacle to overcome when designing an efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for WSNs with low duty-cycling. This phenomenon poses an especially difficult challenge for receiver-initiated asynchronous MAC protocols, which are popular due to their relatively higher energy efficiency. Exploiting the benefits of cooperative communication has emerged as one of the viable solutions to overcome this limitation. Cooperative communication in WSNs has received a lot of attention in recent years. Many researchers have worked to create a MAC layer supporting cooperative communication. However, the association of cooperative communication with an asymmetric link is not studied in the literature. In this research work, COASYM-MAC, a cooperative asynchronous MAC protocol for WSNs, is proposed based on a receiver-initiated MAC protocol that uses the fact that nodes have alternate paths between them to reduce link asymmetry. A key feature of the proposed protocol is that the optimal helper node is selected automatically in case of link asymmetry. Simulations exhibited that COASYM-MAC performs significantly better than a state-of-the-art MAC protocol for WSNs that handles asymmetric links, ASYM-MAC.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption Behaviors of 802.11 and S-MAC: Implementation on NS2.35

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.16) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Malik ◽  
Mukesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Innovative Methods

The Sensor technology has made encouraging trends in the field of wireless Networks by its innovative methods and adaptability. The  fundamental issue for wireless sensor networks (WSN) is to minimize energy consumption at each node due to restricted energy source.   The sensor nodes generally get random deployment and  need cooperation to accomplish specific operation in the network like  monitoring or  tracking any target in the environment. Due to limited power source nodes need careful use of energy resources. This work targets on simulating the power consumption behavior and analyzing the performance of 802.11 and S-MAC protocol for medium access control layer in wireless networks. S-MAC improves energy consumption by allocating bandwidth in efficient manner and  avoiding causes of energy waste. After simulation, it was found that S-MAC is Power-Efficient over 802.11 without losing on the performance using NS-2.35. The paper mainly emphasize on representing the plot for energy matrices along with throughput, delay and packet delivery ratio.  

A Low Power IoT Medium Access Control for Receiver-Assigned CDMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Petrosky ◽  
Alan J. Michaels ◽  
Joseph M. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Cdma Networks

Low power, low cost, and security-conscious wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly pervasive in the internet of things (IoT). In these networks, receiver-assigned code division multiple access (RA-CDMA) offers benefits over existing multiple access techniques. RA-CDMA networks are asynchronous, robust against multipath interference, and offer resilience against collision. A lightweight medium access control (MAC) protocol is needed to facilitate communication in RA-CDMA networks between low power sensor nodes and access points. This article provides an overview of RA-CDMA and proposes elements of a new MAC protocol that could improve performance of certain wireless sensor networks. Key features of the proposed MAC design are introduced and compared to those of existing protocols, highlighting its simple and lightweight design. Through its compatibility with RA-CDMA, the MAC design eliminates significant overhead and complexity while meeting requirements for low power networks, which enables the implementation of dense IoT sensor networks.

Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 367-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Mesut Gunes
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Basic Network

This chapter provides an overall understanding of the design aspects of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A WSN MAC protocol shares the wireless broadcast medium among sensor nodes and creates a basic network infrastructure for them to communicate with each other. The MAC protocol also has a direct influence on the network lifetime of WSNs as it controls the activities of the radio, which is the most power-consuming component of resource-scarce sensor nodes. In this chapter, the authors first discuss the basics of MAC design for WSNs and present a set of important MAC attributes. Subsequently, authors discuss the main categories of MAC protocols proposed for WSNs and highlight their strong and weak points. After briefly outlining different MAC protocols falling in each category, the authors provide a substantial comparison of these protocols for several parameters. Lastly, the chapter discusses future research directions on open issues in this field that have mostly been overlooked.

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