scholarly journals Potential of Virtual Earth Observation Constellations in Archaeological Research

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agapiou ◽  
Alexakis ◽  
Hadjimitsis
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Ground Segment ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Integrated Optical ◽  
Earth Observation Satellites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research World

Earth observation sensors continually provide datasets with different spectral and spatial characteristics, while a series of pre- and postprocessing techniques are needed for calibration purposes. Nowadays, a variety of satellite images have become accessible to researchers, while big data cloud platforms allow them to deal with an extensive number of datasets. However, there is still difficulty related to these sensors meeting specific needs and challenges such as those of cultural heritage and supporting archaeological research world-wide. The harmonization and synergistic use of different sensors can be used in order to maximize the impact of earth observation sensors and enhance their benefit to the scientific community. In this direction, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) has proposed the concept of virtual constellations, which is defined as “a coordinated set of space and/or ground segment capabilities from different partners that focuses on observing a particular parameter or set of parameters of the Earth system”. This paper provides an overview of existing and future earth observation sensors, the various levels of interoperability as proposed by Wulder et al., and presents some preliminary results from the Thessalian plain in Greece using integrated optical and radar Sentinel images. The potential for archaeolandscape studies using virtual constellations is discussed here.

scholarly journals Labor as Action: the Human Condition in the Anthropocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-260
Author(s):  
Ari-Elmeri Hyvönen
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Capacity To Act ◽  
Gravitational Pull ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Human Condition

Abstract The Anthropocene has become an umbrella term for the disastrous transgression of ecological safety boundaries by human societies. The impact of this new reality is yet to be fully registered by political theorists. In an attempt to recalibrate the categories of political thought, this article brings Hannah Arendt’s framework of The Human Condition (labor, work, action) into the gravitational pull of the Anthropocene and current knowledge about the Earth System. It elaborates the historical emergence of our capacity to “act in the mode of laboring” during fossil-fueled capitalist modernity, a form of agency relating to our collectively organized laboring processes reminiscent of the capacity of modern sciences to “act into nature” discussed by Arendt. I argue that once read from an energy/ecology-centric perspective, The Human Condition can help us make sense of the Anthropocene predicament, and rethink the modes of collectively organizing the activities of labor, work, and action.

An overview of geoengineering of climate using stratospheric sulphate aerosols

2008 ◽  
Vol 366 (1882) ◽  
pp. 4007-4037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J Rasch ◽  
Simone Tilmes ◽  
Richard P Turco ◽  
Alan Robock ◽  
Luke Oman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Sulphur Cycle ◽  
Sulphate Aerosols ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sulphur Species

We provide an overview of geoengineering by stratospheric sulphate aerosols. The state of understanding about this topic as of early 2008 is reviewed, summarizing the past 30 years of work in the area, highlighting some very recent studies using climate models, and discussing methods used to deliver sulphur species to the stratosphere. The studies reviewed here suggest that sulphate aerosols can counteract the globally averaged temperature increase associated with increasing greenhouse gases, and reduce changes to some other components of the Earth system. There are likely to be remaining regional climate changes after geoengineering, with some regions experiencing significant changes in temperature or precipitation. The aerosols also serve as surfaces for heterogeneous chemistry resulting in increased ozone depletion. The delivery of sulphur species to the stratosphere in a way that will produce particles of the right size is shown to be a complex and potentially very difficult task. Two simple delivery scenarios are explored, but similar exercises will be needed for other suggested delivery mechanisms. While the introduction of the geoengineering source of sulphate aerosol will perturb the sulphur cycle of the stratosphere signicantly, it is a small perturbation to the total (stratosphere and troposphere) sulphur cycle. The geoengineering source would thus be a small contributor to the total global source of ‘acid rain’ that could be compensated for through improved pollution control of anthropogenic tropospheric sources. Some areas of research remain unexplored. Although ozone may be depleted, with a consequent increase to solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) energy reaching the surface and a potential impact on health and biological populations, the aerosols will also scatter and attenuate this part of the energy spectrum, and this may compensate the UVB enhancement associated with ozone depletion. The aerosol will also change the ratio of diffuse to direct energy reaching the surface, and this may influence ecosystems. The impact of geoengineering on these components of the Earth system has not yet been studied. Representations for the formation, evolution and removal of aerosol and distribution of particle size are still very crude, and more work will be needed to gain confidence in our understanding of the deliberate production of this class of aerosols and their role in the climate system.

Earth observation remote sensing for oil and gas: A new era

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Dubucq ◽  
Leo Turon ◽  
Benoit Blanco ◽  
Hélène Bideaud
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
New Era ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Observation Satellites ◽  
New Sensors

In the last seven years, many earth observation satellites from national agencies and commercial providers have been launched, making huge volumes of data freely available to anyone. Open-access software and cloud computing tools also have been developed by the earth observation community. Those, as well as new sensors and vectors such as drone-borne hyperspectral cameras or gas-sensing systems are opening a number of applications for the oil and gas industry in exploration, production, and environmental monitoring.

The GMAO High‐Resolution Coupled Model and Assimilation System for Seasonal Prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Molod ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coupled Model ◽  
Seasonal Prediction ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Weakly Coupled ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
The Impact

<p>The Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) is about to release a new version of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Subseasonal to Seasonal prediction (S2S) system, GEOS‐S2S‐3, that represents an improvement in performance and infrastructure over the  previous system, GEOS-S2S-2. The system will be described briefly, highlighting some features unique to GEOS-S2S, such as the coupled interactive aerosol model and ensemble  perturbation strategy and size. Results are presented from forecasts and from climate  equillibrium simulations. GEOS-S2S-3 will be used to produce a long term weakly coupled reanalysis called MERRA-2 Ocean.</p><p>The climate or equillibrium state of the atmosphere and ocean shows a reduction in systematic error relative to GEOS‐S2S‐2, attributed in part to an increase in ocean resolution and to the upgrade in the glacier runoff scheme.  The forecast skill shows improved prediction  of the North Atlantic Oscillation, attributed to the increase in forecast ensemble members.  </p><p>With the release of GEOS-S2S-3 and MERRA-2 Ocean, GMAO will continue its tradition of maintaining a state‐of‐the‐art seasonal prediction system for use in evaluating the impact on seasonal and decadal forecasts of assimilating newly available satellite observations, as well as evaluating additional sources of predictability in the Earth system through the expanded coupling of the Earth system model and assimilation components.</p>

Cloud Computing for Earth Observation

2015 ◽  
pp. 1204-1230
Author(s):  
Roberto Cossu ◽  
Claudio Di Giulio ◽  
Fabrice Brito ◽  
Dana Petcu
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Grid Services ◽  
Efficient Storage ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Earth Observation Satellites ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The Impact

This chapter elaborates on the impact and benefits Cloud Computing may have on Earth Observation. Earth Observation satellites generate in fact Tera- to Peta-bytes of data, and Cloud Computing provides many capabilities that allow an efficient storage and exploitation of such data. Several scenarios related to Earth Observation activities are analyzed in order to identify the possible benefits from the adoption of Cloud Computing. As concrete proofs-of-concept, several activities related to Cloud Computing in the context of Earth Observation are exposed and discussed. Technical details are provided for a particular framework used by Earth Observation applications that has made the transition from using Grid services towards using Cloud services. A special attention is given to the avoidance of the vendor-lock-in problem.

scholarly journals Editorial of Special Issue “Machine and Deep Learning for Earth Observation Data Analysis”

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2758
Author(s):  
Vasileios Syrris ◽  
Sveinung Loekken
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Earth Observation Data

Earth observation and remote sensing technologies provide ample and comprehensive information regarding the dynamics and complexity of the Earth system [...]

Cloud Computing for Earth Observation

2013 ◽  
pp. 166-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cossu ◽  
Claudio Di Giulio ◽  
Fabrice Brito ◽  
Dana Petcu
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Grid Services ◽  
Efficient Storage ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Earth Observation Satellites ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The Impact

This chapter elaborates on the impact and benefits Cloud Computing may have on Earth Observation. Earth Observation satellites generate in fact Tera- to Peta-bytes of data, and Cloud Computing provides many capabilities that allow an efficient storage and exploitation of such data. Several scenarios related to Earth Observation activities are analyzed in order to identify the possible benefits from the adoption of Cloud Computing. As concrete proofs-of-concept, several activities related to Cloud Computing in the context of Earth Observation are exposed and discussed. Technical details are provided for a particular framework used by Earth Observation applications that has made the transition from using Grid services towards using Cloud services. A special attention is given to the avoidance of the vendor-lock-in problem.

scholarly journals Assessing and Understanding the Impact of Stratospheric Dynamics and Variability on the Earth System

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin P. Gerber ◽  
Amy Butler ◽  
Natalia Calvo ◽  
Andrew Charlton-Perez ◽  
Marco Giorgetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Stratospheric Dynamics ◽  
The Impact
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