scholarly journals The Impact of a Novel Immersive Virtual Reality Technology Associated with Serious Games in Parkinson’s Disease Patients on Upper Limb Rehabilitation: A Mixed Methods Intervention Study

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza ◽  
Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda ◽  
Edwin Daniel Oña-Simbaña ◽  
Domingo Palacios-Ceña ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Corrales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Leap Motion ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Qualitative Design

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes impaired motor functions. Virtual reality technology may be recommended to optimize motor learning in a safe environment. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of a novel immersive virtual reality technology used for serious games (Oculus Rift 2 plus leap motion controller—OR2-LMC) for upper limb outcomes (muscle strength, coordination, speed of movements, fine and gross dexterity). Another objective was to obtain qualitative data for participants’ experiences related to the intervention. Methods: A mixed methods intervention (embedded) study was used, with a qualitative design after a technology intervention (quantitative design). The intervention and qualitative design followed international guidelines and were integrated into the method and reporting subheadings. Results: Significant improvements were observed in strength (p = 0.028), fine (p = 0.026 to 0.028) and gross coordination dexterity, and speed movements (p = 0.039) in the affected side, with excellent compliance (100%) and a high level of satisfaction (3.66 ± 0.18 points out of the maximum of 4). No adverse side effects were observed. Qualitative findings described patients’ perspectives regarding OR2-LMC treatment, facilitators and barriers for adherence, OR2-LMC applications, and treatment improvements. Conclusions: The intervention showed positive results for the upper limbs, with elements of discordance, expansion, and confirmation between qualitative and quantitative results.

scholarly journals Leap motion controlled video game-based therapy for upper limb rehabilitation in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a feasibility study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Fernández-González ◽  
María Carratalá-Tejada ◽  
Esther Monge-Pereira ◽  
Susana Collado-Vázquez ◽  
Patricia Sánchez-Herrera Baeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leap Motion ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background Non-immersive video games are currently being used as technological rehabilitation tools for individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Leap Motion Controller® (LMC) system used with serious games designed for the upper limb (UL), as well as the levels of satisfaction and compliance among patients in mild-to-moderate stages of the disease. Methods A non-probabilistic sampling of non-consecutive cases was performed. 23 PD patients, in stages II-IV of the Hoehn & Yahr scale, were randomized into two groups: an experimental group (n = 12) who received treatment based on serious games designed by the research team using the LMC system for the UL, and a control group (n = 11) who received a specific intervention for the UL. Grip muscle strength, coordination, speed of movements, fine and gross UL dexterity, as well as satisfaction and compliance, were assessed in both groups pre-treatment and post-treatment. Results Within the experimental group, significant improvements were observed in all post-treatment assessments, except for Box and Blocks test for the less affected side. Clinical improvements were observed for all assessments in the control group. Statistical intergroup analysis showed significant improvements in coordination, speed of movements and fine motor dexterity scores on the more affected side of patients in the experimental group. Conclusions The LMC system and the serious games designed may be a feasible rehabilitation tool for the improvement of coordination, speed of movements and fine UL dexterity in PD patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

Application of Serious Games based on Virtual Reality for Rehabilitation of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease through a Wrist Orthosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciene Chagas de Oliveira ◽  
Edgard Afonso Lamounier ◽  
Adriano Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Renato Aquino Lopes ◽  
Samila Carolina da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Serious Games

scholarly journals Visual Hallucinations as Incidental Negative Effects of Virtual Reality on Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Link with Neurodegeneration?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Albani ◽  
Elisa Pedroli ◽  
Pietro Cipresso ◽  
Daniel Bulla ◽  
Veronica Cimolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Limited Sample Size ◽  
Immersive Systems

We followed up a series of 23 Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients who had performed an immersive virtual reality (VR) protocol eight years before. On that occasion, six patients incidentally described visual hallucinations (VH) with occurrences of images not included in the virtual environment. Curiously, in the following years, only these patients reported the appearance of VH later in their clinical history, while the rest of the group did not. Even considering the limited sample size, we may argue that VR immersive systems can induce unpleasant effects in PD patients who are predisposed to a cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals An Immersive Virtual Reality Exergame for People with Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Weiqin Chen ◽  
Martin Bang ◽  
Daria Krivonos ◽  
Hanna Schimek ◽  
Arnau Naval
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality

AbstractParkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects primarily motor system. Physical exercise is considered important for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) to slow down disease progression and maintain abilities and quality of life. However, people with PD often experience barriers to exercises that causes low-level adherence to exercise plans and programs. Virtual Reality (VR) is an innovative and promising technology for motor and cognitive rehabilitation. Immersive VR exergames have potential advantages by allowing for individualized skill practice in a motivating interactive environment without distractions from outside events. This paper presents an immersive virtual reality (VR) exergame aiming at motor training on fingers and hand-and-eye coordination. The results from the usability study indicate that immersive VR exergames have potential to provide motivating and engaging physical exercise for people with PD. Through this research, we hope to contribute to evidence-based design principles for task-specific immersive VR exergames for patients with Parkinson’s Disease.

scholarly journals Validity of a Fully-Immersive VR-Based Version of the Box and Blocks Test for Upper Limb Function Assessment in Parkinson’s Disease

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Daniel Oña ◽  
Alberto Jardón ◽  
Alicia Cuesta-Gómez ◽  
Patricia Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza ◽  
Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Leap Motion ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Upper Limb Function ◽  
Classical Procedure ◽  
Yahr Scale

In recent decades, gaming technology has been accepted as a feasible method for complementing traditional clinical practice, especially in neurorehabilitation; however, the viability of using 3D Virtual Reality (VR) for the assessment of upper limb motor function has not been fully explored. For that purpose, we developed a VR-based version of the Box and Blocks Test (BBT), a clinical test for the assessment of manual dexterity, as an automated alternative to the classical procedure. Our VR-based BBT (VR-BBT) integrates the traditional BBT mechanics into gameplay using the Leap Motion Controller (LMC) to capture the user’s hand motion and the Oculus Rift headset to provide a fully immersive experience. This paper focuses on evaluating the validity of our VR-BBT to reliably measure the manual dexterity in a sample of patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). For this study, a group of twenty individuals in a mild to moderate stage of PD were recruited. Participants were asked to perform the physical BBT (once) and our proposed VR-BBT (twice) system, separately. Correlation analysis of collected data was carried out. Statistical analysis proved that the performance data collected by the VR-BBT significantly correlated with the conventional assessment of the BBT. The VR-BBT scores have shown a significant association with PD severity measured by the Hoehn and Yahr scale. This fact suggests that the VR-BBT could be used as a reliable indicator for health improvements in patients with PD. Finally, the VR-BBT system presented high usability and acceptability rated by clinicians and patients.

scholarly journals Can Immersive Virtual Reality Videogames Help Parkinson’s Disease Patients? A Case Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4825
Author(s):  
Pablo Campo-Prieto ◽  
Gustavo Rodríguez-Fuentes ◽  
José Mª Cancela-Carral
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Video Gaming ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
System Usability Scale

Video games have proven useful in physical rehabilitation therapy. Accessibility, however, is limited for some groups such as the elderly or patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We explore the potential of fully immersive video games as a rehabilitation tool in PD patients. Four patients with mild-moderate PD (3 males:1 female, 53–71 years) participated in the study. Training consisted in two immersive virtual reality video gaming sessions. Outcomes were evaluated using System Usability Scale (SUS), Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), Game Experience Questionnaire-post game (GEQ), an ad hoc satisfaction questionnaire and perceived effort. All participants completed the sessions without adverse effects (100%), without SSQ symptoms reported. Post-gaming SUS was >75% in both sessions (range 75–80%). Post-gaming GEQ scores were 3.3–4.0/4 in both sessions. Immersive virtual reality video gaming is feasible in patients with mild-moderate PD, with positive usability and patient satisfaction, and no adverse effects.

scholarly journals Advantages of using 3D virtual reality based training in persons with Parkinson’s disease: a parallel study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Cikajlo ◽  
Karmen Peterlin Potisk
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Leap Motion ◽  
Parallel Study

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease. There are mixed reports on success of physiotherapy in patients with PD. Our objective was to investigate the functional improvements, motivation aspects and clinical effectiveness when using immersive 3D virtual reality versus non-immersive 2D exergaming. Methods We designed a randomized parallel study with 97 patients, but only 20 eligible participants were randomized in 2 groups; the one using 3D Oculus Rift CV1 and the other using a laptop. Both groups participated in the 10-session 3 weeks training with a pick and place task in the virtual world requiring precise hand movement to manipulate the virtual cubes. The kinematics of the hand was traced with Leap motion controller, motivation effect was assessed with modified Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and clinical effectiveness was evaluated with Box & Blocks Test (BBT) and shortened Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) before and after the training. Mack-Skilling non-parametrical statistical test was used to identify statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) and Cohen’s U3 test to find the effect sizes. Results Participants in the 3D group demonstrated statistically significant and substantially better performance in average time of manipulation (group x time, p = 0.009), number of successfully placed cubes (group x time, p = 0.028), average tremor (group x time, p = 0.002) and UPDRS for upper limb (U3 = 0.35). The LCD and 3D groups substantially improved their BBT score with training (U3 = 0.7, U3 = 0.6, respectively). However, there were no statistically significant differences in clinical tests between the groups (group x time, p = 0.2189, p = 0.2850, respectively). In addition the LCD group significantly decreased the pressure/tension (U3 = 0.3), the 3D did not show changes (U3 = 0.5) and the differences between the groups were statistically different (p = 0.037). The 3D group demonstrated important increase in effort (U3 = 0.75) and perceived competences (U3 = 0.9). Conclusions The outcomes of the study demonstrated that the immersive 3D technology may bring increased interests/enjoyment score resulting in faster and more efficient functional performance. But the 2D technology demonstrated lower pressure/tension score providing similar clinical progress. A study with much larger sample size may also confirm the clinical effectiveness of the approaches. Trial registration The small scale randomized pilot study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03515746, 4 May 2018

scholarly journals Quality of life of people with Parkinson's disease after treatment with non-immersive virtual reality

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Carneiro de Menezes Sanguinetti ◽  
Maria das Graças Wanderley de Sales Coriolano ◽  
Charleny Mary Ferreira de Santana ◽  
Thaisa Damasceno de Albuquerque Ângelo ◽  
Juliana Patrícia de Araújo Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality
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