scholarly journals Insulator Based Dielectrophoresis: Micro, Nano, and Molecular Scale Biological Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5095
Author(s):  
Prateek Benhal ◽  
David Quashie ◽  
Yoontae Kim ◽  
Jamel Ali
Keyword(s):  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conventional Electrode ◽  
Soft Particles ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Review Current

Insulator based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) is becoming increasingly important in emerging biomolecular applications, including particle purification, fractionation, and separation. Compared to conventional electrode-based dielectrophoresis (eDEP) techniques, iDEP has been demonstrated to have a higher degree of selectivity of biological samples while also being less biologically intrusive. Over the past two decades, substantial technological advances have been made, enabling iDEP to be applied from micro, to nano and molecular scales. Soft particles, including cell organelles, viruses, proteins, and nucleic acids, have been manipulated using iDEP, enabling the exploration of subnanometer biological interactions. Recent investigations using this technique have demonstrated a wide range of applications, including biomarker screening, protein folding analysis, and molecular sensing. Here, we review current state-of-art research on iDEP systems and highlight potential future work.

Hysteroscopy

2020 ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
O. A. O’Donovan ◽  
Peter J. O’Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Postmenopausal Bleeding ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Low Incidence

Hysteroscopy (direct endoscopic visualization) of the endometrial cavity is an exciting and rapidly developing field of gynaecological practice. The most dramatic advances have occurred during the last 20 years due to technological advances including miniaturization of equipment and improved optics. Hysteroscopy is used both diagnostically and therapeutically to treat a wide range of gynaecological problems (heavy menstrual bleeding, infertility, and postmenopausal bleeding). The most recent advances allow accurate direct visualization of the uterine cavity which provides a platform for targeted biopsies, safe removal of endometrial polyps, and treatment of fibroids, septa, and adhesions. Proper training has resulted in a low incidence of serious complications. The current consensus is that hysteroscopy provides a gold standard not only for evaluating and treating intrauterine pathology but also for allowing a minimalist approach which has resulted in improved patient outcomes. This chapter provides an overview of the current state of this exciting and evolving field.

scholarly journals A Review on Sliding Vane and Rolling Piston Compressors

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Kuan Thai Aw ◽  
Kim Tiow Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Piston Compressor ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Rotary Compressor ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Design Evolution ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Rolling Piston ◽  
Future Work

Rotary compressors have been employed in heating and cooling for more than a century and are ubiquitous in daily life but there has not been any comprehensive record of their development and technological advances. This review paper attempts to provide a comprehensive account of the advances in R&D and design evolution of these rotary compressors since their inception, namely the sliding vane compressor, rolling piston compressor, and their design variants in open literature. This is to showcase the current state-of-the-art for these compressors so that researchers can use it as a basis for future work. Based on authors’ insight, inter-disciplinary research combined with advancements in ‘disruptive’ technology such as artificial intelligence and advancements in additive manufacturing might be a promising research direction to bring about improvements in rotary compressor performance to meet mankind’s growing needs for cooling and heating applications.

scholarly journals Emerging IoT domains, current standings and open research challenges: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e659
Author(s):  
Omer Ali ◽  
Mohamad Khairi Ishak ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Liaquat Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Motivating Factor

Over the last decade, the Internet of Things (IoT) domain has grown dramatically, from ultra-low-power hardware design to cloud-based solutions, and now, with the rise of 5G technology, a new horizon for edge computing on IoT devices will be introduced. A wide range of communication technologies has steadily evolved in recent years, representing a diverse range of domain areas and communication specifications. Because of the heterogeneity of technology and interconnectivity, the true realisation of the IoT ecosystem is currently hampered by multiple dynamic integration challenges. In this context, several emerging IoT domains necessitate a complete re-modeling, design, and standardisation from the ground up in order to achieve seamless IoT ecosystem integration. The Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT), Internet of Space-Things (IoST), Internet of Underwater-Things (IoUT) and Social Internet of Things (SIoT) are investigated in this paper with a broad future scope based on their integration and ability to source other IoT domains by highlighting their application domains, state-of-the-art research, and open challenges. To the best of our knowledge, there is little or no information on the current state of these ecosystems, which is the motivating factor behind this article. Finally, the paper summarises the integration of these ecosystems with current IoT domains and suggests future directions for overcoming the challenges.

Endovascular management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms and acute aortic dissections

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Stephen Hofmeister ◽  
Matthew B. Thomas ◽  
Joseph Paulisin ◽  
Nicolas J. Mouawad
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Vascular Emergencies ◽  
Aortic Dissections

Abstract. The management of vascular emergencies is dependent on rapid identification and confirmation of the diagnosis with concurrent patient stabilization prior to immediate transfer to the operating suite. A variety of technological advances in diagnostic imaging as well as the advent of minimally invasive endovascular interventions have shifted the contemporary treatment algorithms of such pathologies. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the current state and future trends in the management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms as well as acute aortic dissections.

Young Scholars Conference “Slavic World: Commonality and Diversity”. 21–22 May 2019. Session “Linguistics”

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 295-297
Author(s):  
Sergej A. Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
International Context ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

For more than twenty years, the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences celebrates the Day of Slavic Writing and Culture with a traditional scholarly conference.”. Since 2014, it has been held in the young scholars’ format. In 2019, participants from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Togliatti, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg, and Rostov-on-Don, as well as Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Romania continued this tradition. A wide range of problems related to the history of the Slavic peoples from the Middle Ages to the present time in the national, regional and international context were discussed again. Participants talked about the typology of Slavic languages and dialects, linguo-geography, socio- and ethnolinguistics, analyzed formation, development, current state, and prospects of Slavic literatures, etc.

Positive Emotion in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
Ilana Seager ◽  
Douglas S. Mennin ◽  
Amelia Aldao
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Dysfunction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Work

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a debilitating condition characterized by excessive, pervasive, uncontrollable, and paralyzing worries about a wide range of future situations. Individuals with this condition frequently find themselves stuck in worry and tension cycles in futile attempts at reducing uncertainty and increasing control. GAD has been associated with substantial impairments in functioning and reduced quality of life. GAD remains poorly understood, and the long-term efficacy and end-state functioning resulting from treatment are weaker compared to other anxiety disorders. Some treatments (e.g., emotion regulation therapy, acceptance-based behavioral therapy) have improved efficacy, partly by targeting emotional dysfunction. Basic psychopathology research has focused on identifying the role of negative affect in GAD, so little is known about how positive affect is experienced and regulated in this disorder. This is particularly important in light of the overlap of this condition with major depressive disorder, which is characterized by low or suppressed positive emotion. Developing such an understanding is essential to further improve the efficacy of emotion-based treatments. This chapter reviews current and future directions in the study of positive affect in GAD. The chapter reviews the nascent research on positive affect and GAD, then illustrates dimensions of future work.

New Frontiers in Private Fiduciary Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 890-908
Author(s):  
Paul B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Corporate Law ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Legal Ethics ◽  
Behavioral Economic ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sociological Inquiry ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry

This chapter charts new frontiers of scholarly inquiry in fiduciary law. The chapter first orients the reader by taking stock of the current state of play in fiduciary scholarship. It then identifies a range of important questions that should inspire future work in the field. More specifically, it identifies pressing questions of legal theory (conceptual and normative analysis), economic and empirical legal studies (including classical and behavioral economic analysis), and historical and sociological inquiry. The chapter also raises questions of interest to private law theorists and scholars interested in exploring the significance of fiduciary principles within various subfields, from trust and corporate law to health law and legal ethics.

scholarly journals Emerging Molecular Receptors for the Specific-Target Delivery of Ruthenium and Gold Complexes into Cancer Cells

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3153
Author(s):  
João Franco Machado ◽  
João D. G. Correia ◽  
Tânia S. Morais
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Gold Complexes ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Organometallic Molecules ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Cisplatin and derivatives are highly effective in the treatment of a wide range of cancer types; however, these metallodrugs display low selectivity, leading to severe side effects. Additionally, their administration often results in the development of chemoresistance, which ultimately results in therapeutic failure. This scenario triggered the study of other transition metals with innovative pharmacological profiles as alternatives to platinum, ruthenium- (e.g., KP1339 and NAMI-A) and gold-based (e.g., Auranofin) complexes being among the most advanced in terms of clinical evaluation. Concerning the importance of improving the in vivo selectivity of metal complexes and the current relevance of ruthenium and gold metals, this review article aims to survey the main research efforts made in the past few years toward the design and biological evaluation of target-specific ruthenium and gold complexes. Herein, we give an overview of the inorganic and organometallic molecules conjugated to different biomolecules for targeting membrane proteins, namely cell adhesion molecules, G-protein coupled receptors, and growth factor receptors. Complexes that recognize the progesterone receptors or other targets involved in metabolic pathways such as glucose transporters are discussed as well. Finally, we describe some complexes aimed at recognizing cell organelles or compartments, mitochondria being the most explored. The few complexes addressing targeted gene therapy are also presented and discussed.

scholarly journals β-Lactoglobulin Adsorption Layers at the Water/Air Surface: 5. Adsorption Isotherm and Equation of State Revisited, Impact of pH

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Georgi G. Gochev ◽  
Volodymyr I. Kovalchuk ◽  
Eugene V. Aksenenko ◽  
Valentin B. Fainerman ◽  
Reinhard Miller
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Fluid Interfaces ◽  
Interfacial Behavior ◽  
Current State ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dilational Viscoelasticity ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

The theoretical description of the adsorption of proteins at liquid/fluid interfaces suffers from the inapplicability of classical formalisms, which soundly calls for the development of more complicated adsorption models. A Frumkin-type thermodynamic 2-d solution model that accounts for nonidealities of interface enthalpy and entropy was proposed about two decades ago and has been continuously developed in the course of comparisons with experimental data. In a previous paper we investigated the adsorption of the globular protein β-lactoglobulin at the water/air interface and used such a model to analyze the experimental isotherms of the surface pressure, Π(c), and the frequency-, f-, dependent surface dilational viscoelasticity modulus, E(c)f, in a wide range of protein concentrations, c, and at pH 7. However, the best fit between theory and experiment proposed in that paper appeared incompatible with new data on the surface excess, Γ, obtained from direct measurements with neutron reflectometry. Therefore, in this work, the same model is simultaneously applied to a larger set of experimental dependences, e.g., Π(c), Γ(c), E(Π)f, etc., with E-values measured strictly in the linear viscoelasticity regime. Despite this ambitious complication, a best global fit was elaborated using a single set of parameter values, which well describes all experimental dependencies, thus corroborating the validity of the chosen thermodynamic model. Furthermore, we applied the model in the same manner to experimental results obtained at pH 3 and pH 5 in order to explain the well-pronounced effect of pH on the interfacial behavior of β-lactoglobulin. The results revealed that the propensity of β-lactoglobulin globules to unfold upon adsorption and stretch at the interface decreases in the order pH 3 > pH 7 > pH 5, i.e., with decreasing protein net charge. Finally, we discuss advantages and limitations in the current state of the model.

scholarly journals Status of Phenological Research Using Sentinel-2 Data: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2760
Author(s):  
Gourav Misra ◽  
Fiona Cawkwell ◽  
Astrid Wingler
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Current State ◽  
Red Edge ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Sentinel 2

Remote sensing of plant phenology as an indicator of climate change and for mapping land cover has received significant scientific interest in the past two decades. The advancing of spring events, the lengthening of the growing season, the shifting of tree lines, the decreasing sensitivity to warming and the uniformity of spring across elevations are a few of the important indicators of trends in phenology. The Sentinel-2 satellite sensors launched in June 2015 (A) and March 2017 (B), with their high temporal frequency and spatial resolution for improved land mapping missions, have contributed significantly to knowledge on vegetation over the last three years. However, despite the additional red-edge and short wave infra-red (SWIR) bands available on the Sentinel-2 multispectral instruments, with improved vegetation species detection capabilities, there has been very little research on their efficacy to track vegetation cover and its phenology. For example, out of approximately every four papers that analyse normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) or enhanced vegetation index (EVI) derived from Sentinel-2 imagery, only one mentions either SWIR or the red-edge bands. Despite the short duration that the Sentinel-2 platforms have been operational, they have proved their potential in a wide range of phenological studies of crops, forests, natural grasslands, and other vegetated areas, and in particular through fusion of the data with those from other sensors, e.g., Sentinel-1, Landsat and MODIS. This review paper discusses the current state of vegetation phenology studies based on the first five years of Sentinel-2, their advantages, limitations, and the scope for future developments.

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