scholarly journals Management of Fertigation in Horticultural Crops through Automation with Electrotensiometers: Effect on the Productivity of Water and Nutrients

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Juana I. Contreras ◽  
Rafael Baeza ◽  
José G. López ◽  
Gema Cánovas ◽  
Francisca Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Soil Matric Potential ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Activation Threshold ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Automatic Activation ◽  
Nutrient Productivity

Water and nutrient requirements of horticultural crops are influenced by different factors such as: Type of crop, stage of development and production system. Although greenhouse horticultural crops are more efficient in the use of water and fertilizers compared to other production systems, it is necessary increase efficiency for which individualized fertigation strategies must be designed for each greenhouse. The automation of fertigation based on the level of soil moisture allows optimization of management. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the activation command of fertigation with electrotensiometers and the characteristics of the greenhouse on the productivity of the crop and the efficiency of use of water and nutrients in a sweet pepper crop. The trial was developed in two greenhouses. Four treatments were studied, combination of who two-factor: Soil matric potential (SMP) (SMP−10: Automatic activation of irrigation to −10 kPa and SMP−20: Automatic activation of irrigation to −20 kPa) and greenhouse characteristics (G1 and G2). The nutritive solution applied was the same in all treatments. The yield and volume of water and nutrients applied were determined, calculating the productivity of the water (WP), as well as productivity the nutrients. The fertigation activation threshold of −10 kPa presented the best results, increasing the yield and conserving WP and nutrient productivity with respect to −20 kPa in both greenhouses. The automation of irrigation with electrotensiometers allowed the application of different volume of fertigation demanded by the crop in each greenhouse, equalizing the WP and nutrient productivity without producing drainage. The pepper crop in the greenhouse G1 presented greater vegetative development, higher yield and demanded a greater volume of fertigation than G2 regardless of the activation threshold. This was due to the fact that the soil matric potential after irrigation in greenhouse G1 was closer to zero, being able to conclude that not only the soil matric potential threshold of irrigation activation has an influence on crop, but also the potential registered after irrigation. Soil matric potentials closer to zero are more productive.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF ‘NANICÃO JANGADA’ BANANA PLANTS INTERCROPPED WITH WINTER COVER CROPS

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO SFEIR DE AGUIAR ◽  
PAULO VICENTE CONTADOR ZACCHEO ◽  
CARMEN SILVIA VIEIRA JANEIRO NEVES ◽  
MARCELO SFEIR DE AGUIAR ◽  
FERNANDO TEIXEIRA DE OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Chicken Litter ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

ABSTRACT The use of cover crops species may be an important strategy in the pursuit of sustainability of agroecosystems, considering benefits to soil, such as improvements of physical and chemical characteristics, and weed control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crops and other soil managements on chemical soil properties, on the cycle, on the production of the first cycle and on the fruit quality of banana cv. Nanicão Jangada in Andirá – PR, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a commercial. Planting of banana suckers from the grower area occurred in the first half of March 2011, with a spacing of 2.40 m between rows and 1.90 m between plants. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with four replications and six plants per plot. The six treatments were: black oat (Avenastrigosa Schreb), forage turnip (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus), consortium of black oat and forage turnip, chicken litter, residues of banana plants, and bare ground. The evaluations were vegetative development and life cycle of banana plants, yield and quality of fruits, soil chemical characterstics, and fresh and dry mass of green manures. The results were submitted to ANOVA (F Test), and Tukey test at 5 % probability. Black oat and black oat with forage turnip consortium were superior in biomass production. Systems of soil management had no effect on the variables, except in the periods between planting and flowering and between planting and harvest, which were shorter in the treatment of soil management with crop residues, longer in the treatment with forage turnip, and intermediate in the other treatments.

scholarly journals Estimating soil matric potential in Owens Valley, California

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen K. Sorenson ◽  
R.F. Miller ◽  
M.R. Welch ◽  
D.P. Groeneveld ◽  
F.A. Branson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Matric Potential ◽  
Owens Valley ◽  
Matric Potential

scholarly journals Land use and soil quality in peri-urban farms in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-174
Author(s):  
Agi Costa Cassimo ◽  
Paulo César Nascimento ◽  
Patrícia Lima De Lima ◽  
Carlos Gustavo Tornquist ◽  
Carlos Alberto Bissani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Small family farms constitute a major part of land use in the surrounding regions of Brazilian cities, as these farms not only contribute to the food supply, but also help conserve rural landscapes and improve environmental services. This study evaluated agricultural impacts on soil quality in seven family farms in Porto Alegre municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, RS. Selected production units (PUs) were managed as conventional or organic farms, producing horticultural crops, fruits and pastures, besides native forests. Soil samples were collected from representative areas for five use and management types, under disturbed and undisturbed conditions, at 0–20 cm depth. Physical and chemical attributes were analyzed, comparing the effects of types of land use. Data analysis showed that more affected attributes were soil density, macro and microporosity, phosphorus content, pH and electrical conductivity. Macroporosity, phosphorus, zinc and cooper contents are the greater threats to soil quality. Horticulture, under both agroecological and conventional production systems caused major changes compared to natural conditions.

scholarly journals DINÂMICA DA ÁGUA NO SISTEMA SOLO-PLANTA NO CULTIVO DA PIMENTA TABASCO SOB DÉFICIT HÍDRICO1

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Lígia Borges Marinho ◽  
José Antonio Frizzone ◽  
João Batista Tolentino Júnior ◽  
Janaina Paulino ◽  
Danilton Luiz Flumigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Soil Matric Potential ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
E Mail

DINÂMICA DA ÁGUA NO SISTEMA SOLO-PLANTA NO CULTIVO DA PIMENTA TABASCO SOB DÉFICIT HÍDRICO1  LÍGIA BORGES MARINHO2; JOSÉ ANTONIO FRIZZONE3; JOÃO BATISTA TOLENTINO JÚNIOR4; JANAÍNA PAULINO5; DANILTON LUIZ FLUMIGNAN6 E DIEGO BORTOLOTI GÓES3    (1) Artigo extraído da tese do primeiro autor (2) Departamento Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, av. Edgard Chastinet, São Geraldo, CEP 48905-680, Juazeiro, BA. Fone (74) 3611-7363. E-mail: [email protected](3) Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas/Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba/SP, E-mail(s): [email protected], [email protected]; (4) Campus Curitibanos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, SC. [email protected] (5) Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso UFMT, campus Sinop, Avenida Alexandre Ferronato Nº 1.200. Bairro: Setor Industrial. CEP: 78.550-000,  Sinop-MT, Email: [email protected] (6) Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Agropecuária Oeste. Rodovia BR 163, km 253, Zona Rural, 79804970 - Dourados, MS,  Email: [email protected]  1 RESUMO  O objetivo da pesquisa foi acompanhar a variação da condição hídrica do solo e da planta de pimenta ‘Tabasco’ em função dos manejos de déficits hídricos impostos e determinar seu coeficiente de estresse hídrico. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, no Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas da ESALQ - USP, Piracicaba-SP, de setembro de 2009 a julho de 2010. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, utilizando-se lâminas de irrigação a 100, 80, 60 e 40% da evapotranspiração da cultura diferenciadas a partir da fase vegetativa e da fase reprodutiva. O potencial da água na folha e no solo foi aferido com a câmara de pressão e tensiômetros, respectivamente. Houve variação do potencial mátrico, da extração de água no solo e do potencial de água na folha em função das lâminas e das épocas de diferenciação. Menores potenciais mátricos foram verificados quando o déficit de irrigação foi inicializado na fase vegetativa da pimenta. Os valores de coeficiente de estresse hídrico e o potencial de água na folha, ao alvorecer, indicaram que as pimenteiras estavam sob estresse moderado e severo, sendo a época reprodutiva da pimenta Tabasco a mais sensível à restrição hídrica.Palavras-chave: Capsicum frutencens L, tensiômetro, potencial da água no solo.                                                        MARINHO, L. B.; FRIZZONE, J. A.; TOLENTINO JÚNIOR, J. B.; PAULINO, J.; FLUMIGNAN, D. L.; GÓES, D. B.WATER DYNAMICS IN SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM IN THE CULTIVATION OF PEPPER TABASCO UNDER WATER DEFICIT  2 ABSTRACT The objective of the research was to determine the change in soil water condition and in Tabasco pepper plant according to the managements of water deficits. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Biosystems Engineering of ESALQ - USP, Piracicaba-SP, from September 2009 to July 2010. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications, using irrigation depths to 100, 80, 60 and 40% of crop evapotranspiration in the vegetative phase and reproductive phase. The soil matric potential was measured by tensiometers installed at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depth. The most negative values of matric potential occurred in treatments submitted to the greater water deficit treatments that had higher water restriction imposed by the vegetative phase. For these, greater increase in water extraction in the deepest layer (40 cm) were also found.There were differences in matric potential of the soil, in ground water extraction and in leaf water potential in relation to the water depths and differentiation phases. The deficit irrigation that started in the vegetative phase led to greater reduction in soil matric potential due to the accumulated water deficit. The pepper plants have moderate to severe sensitivity to water deficit in the soil, with a higher sensitivity of the plants when water restriction is imposed during reproductive stages than when it is imposed during growing stages. Keywords : Capsicum frutencens, tensiometer; soil water potential

scholarly journals Development of Improved Fruit, Vegetable, and Ornamental Crops Using the CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technique

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lígia Erpen-Dalla Corte ◽  
Lamiaa M. Mahmoud ◽  
Tatiana S. Moraes ◽  
Zhonglin Mou ◽  
Jude W. Grosser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Repair Mechanisms

Horticultural crops, including fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plants are an important component of the agriculture production systems and play an important role in sustaining human life. With a steady growth in the world’s population and the consequent need for more food, sustainable and increased fruit and vegetable crop production is a major challenge to guarantee future food security. Although conventional breeding techniques have significantly contributed to the development of important varieties, new approaches are required to further improve horticultural crop production. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) has emerged as a valuable genome-editing tool able to change DNA sequences at precisely chosen loci. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was developed based on the bacterial adaptive immune system and comprises of an endonuclease guided by one or more single-guide RNAs to generate double-strand breaks. These breaks can then be repaired by the natural cellular repair mechanisms, during which genetic mutations are introduced. In a short time, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has become a popular genome-editing technique, with numerous examples of gene mutation and transcriptional regulation control in both model and crop plants. In this review, various aspects of the CRISPR/Cas9 system are explored, including a general presentation of the function of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in bacteria and its practical application as a biotechnological tool for editing plant genomes, particularly in horticultural crops.

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