scholarly journals Limited Visibility Aware Motion Planning for Autonomous Valet Parking Using Reachable Set Estimation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1520
Author(s):  
Seongjin Lee ◽  
Wonteak Lim ◽  
Myoungho Sunwoo ◽  
Kichun Jo
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Reachable Set Estimation ◽  
Limited Visibility

Autonomous driving helps drivers avoid paying attention to keeping to a lane or keeping a distance from the vehicle ahead. However, the autonomous driving is limited by the need to park upon the completion of driving. In this sense, automated valet parking (AVP) system is one of the promising technologies for enabling drivers to free themselves from the burden of parking. Nevertheless, the driver must continuously monitor the automated system in the current automation level. The main reason for monitoring the automation system is due to the limited sensor range and occlusions. For safety reasons, the current field of view must be taken into account, as well as to ensure comfort and to avoid unexpected and harsh reactions. Unfortunately, due to parked vehicles and structures, the field of view in a parking lot is not sufficient for considering new obstacles coming out of occluded areas. To solve this problem, we propose a method that estimates the risks for unobservable obstacles by considering worst-case assumptions. With this method, we can ensure to not act overcautiously while moving safe. As a result, the proposed method can be a proactive approach to consider the limited visibility encountered in a parking lot. In the proposed method, occlusion can be efficiently reflected in the planning process. The potential of the proposed method is evaluated in a variety of simulations.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN ALAT MAKAN DAN MINUM PADA PETERNAKAN AYAM PETELUR SECARA OTOMATIS BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mayda Waruni Kasrani ◽  
Zulkaini Septia Rini ◽  
Anwar Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Scheduling System

Abstract�Developments in the field of livestock some have not used technology in the process of feeding and drinking, the process is still using human. This system realizes Aduino Nano to control the entire automation system in the form of feeding and drinking, so that the production process runs effectively and efficiently. This system consists of giving a feed schedule and the amount of feed given to chickens every day for feeding consists of two feeders who do morning and evening. System to provide input to the process using an automated system. This process works after all inputs have been given, starting from the first, second and third types of feed coming out through the door which is opened using the principle of relay movement in accordance with the specified amount, the feed already in the mixing place will be stirred and calcified, then feed already mixed will be sent to each chicken coop evenly using an automatic system. The results of the system test can be concluded that the feed scheduling system specified by Arduino Nano can work with a level of success and the security system goes well when an error occurs. Communication that occurs between Arduino Nano and other components runs well. Intisari� Perkembangan pada bidang peternakan beberapa belum menggunakan teknologi dalam proses pemberian pakan dan minum, proses yang dilakukan masih menggunakan manusia. Sistem ini merealisasikan Arduino Nano untuk mengendalikan seluruh sistem automasi berupa pemberian pakan dan minum, agar proses produksi berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien. Sistem ini terdiri dari pemberian jadwal pakan dan jumlah pakan yang diberikan pada ayam setiap hari untuk pemberian pakan terdiri dari dua kali pemberi pakan yang di lakukan pagi dan sore hari. Sistem untuk memberikan input pada prosesnya menggunakan sistem otomatis. Proses ini bekerja setelah semua input telah diberikan, mulai dari jenis pakan pertama, kedua dan ketiga keluar melalui pintu yang dibuka menggunakan prinsip pergerakan relay sesuai dengan jumlah yang ditentukan, pakan yang sudah terdapat pada tempat pencampuran akan di aduk dan tercapur, kemudian pakan yang sudah tercampur akan di kirim ke setiap kandang ayam secara merata meggunakan sistem otomatis. Hasil pengujian sitem dapatdisimpulkan bahwa pada sistem penjadwalan pakan yang ditentukan oleh Arduino Nano dapat bekerja dengan tingkat keberhasilan serta sistem keamanan berjana dengan baik ketika terjadi error. Komunikasi yang terjadi antara Arduino Nano dengan komponen lainnya berjalan dengan baik

scholarly journals Weather Classification Using an Automotive LIDAR Sensor Based on Detections on Asphalt and Atmosphere

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4306
Author(s):  
Jose Roberto Vargas Rivero ◽  
Thiemo Gerbich ◽  
Valentina Teiluf ◽  
Boris Buschardt ◽  
Jia Chen
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
Surface Reflection ◽  
Background Radiations ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
System A ◽  
Parking Lot

A semi-/autonomous driving car requires local weather information to identify if it is working inside its operational design domain and adapt itself accordingly. This information can be extracted from changes in the detections of a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor. These changes are caused by modifications in the volumetric scattering of the atmosphere or surface reflection of objects in the field of view of the LIDAR. In order to evaluate the use of an automotive LIDAR as a weather sensor, a LIDAR is placed outdoor in a fixed position for a period of 9 months covering all seasons. As target, an asphalt region from a parking lot is chosen. The collected sensor raw data is labeled depending on the occurring weather conditions as: clear, rain, fog and snow, and the presence of sunlight: with or without background radiation. The influence of different weather types and background radiations on the measurement results is analyzed and different parameters are chosen in order to maximize the classification accuracy. The classification is done per frame in order to provide fast update rates while still keeping an F1 score higher than 80%. Additionally, the field of view is divided into two regions: atmosphere and street, where the influences of different weather types are most notable. The resulting classifiers can be used separately or together increasing the versatility of the system. A possible way of extending the method for a moving platform and alternatives to virtually simulate the scene are also discussed.

Design of Mechaless LiDAR Optical System With Large FOV Using Liquid Lens and Fisheye Lens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Choi ◽  
Wan-Chin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Fisheye Lens ◽  
Liquid Lens ◽  
Fine Spatial Resolution ◽  
Flash Lidar ◽  
Optical Phased Array ◽  
Measurable Distance

Mechaless LiDAR technology, which does not have a mechanical drive part, has been actively studied in order to increase the reliability of the LiDAR device at low cost and drive environment in order to more actively apply LiDAR technology to autonomous driving. Mechaless LiDAR technology, which has been mainly studied recently, includes 3D Flash LiDAR technology, MEMS mirror utilization method, and OPA (Optical Phased Array). However, these methods have not been developed rapidly as a key technology for achieving autonomous driving due to low stability of driving environment or remarkably low measurable distance and FOV (field of view) compared with mechanical LiDAR. In this study, we investigated the improvement of FOV by using a flux-deflecting liquid lens and a fisheye lens that can achieve fine spatial resolution through continuous voltage regulation. Based on the initial design results, it was examined that the FOV can be secured to 80 ° or more by utilizing a relatively simple fisheye lens composed of only spherical lenses.

scholarly journals Planning a market exit strategy for manufacturers of consumer goods when entering foreign markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Maik Döring
Keyword(s):  
Market Entry ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Exit Strategy ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Market Exit ◽  
Planning Processes

Aim: The internal market for manufacturers of consumer products companies is often too small in order to grant long-term success. Therefore, companies expand and enter foreign markets. This paper presents a planning process for market penetration for the selected foreign market, which will show the possibility of a withdrawal and shows also whether an exit scenario is planned by manufacturers of consumer products and when companies tend to think about a market exit.Design / Research methods: First, the literature was studied. Based on this, hypothesis were prepared. This was followed by a telephone survey of decision-makers from German manufacturers of the consumer products companies. Conclusions / findings: A planning process for market penetration was developed, which shows next to the market entry also the market exit. Additional this paper shows that manufacturers of consumer products companies can be better prepared for a market exit than companies without an exit strategy, in particular, if the manufacturer sets out relevant economic parameters for the foreign market which determine whether to remain in the market or leave.Originality / value of the article: When analysing literature on planning processes for market entry, it becomes clear that an exit strategy is not planned. This may indicate that the authors did not consider a market exit and/or anticipate this as a worst case in their market entry assumption.Implications of the research: The last market entry of the surveyed companies usually occurred recently. For market exit results to be determined, a further consultation of the companies examined should be undertaken over a longer period of time.

Pricing and Reimbursement Policies in New EU Accession Countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossen Kazakov
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Accession Countries ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Strategy Planning ◽  
Pricing And Reimbursement ◽  
Price Comparisons ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Eu

This paper aims to provide an informative and analytical view on healthcare policies on pricing and reimbursement in new accession countries, their reflection by the new national drugs legislations, and pricing and reimbursement policies, constraints and opportunities for the EU generic medicines producers. It is driven by the belief that having a greater understanding will help the pricing and reimbursement strategy planning process, and will enhance companies' performance while achieving greater awareness of the influence of the health policy factors in the region. A major stress is put on the process of change and the need for reformation of the healthcare policies on pricing and reimbursement, coming out of the EU enlargement process and legislation harmonisation. A snapshot is given of current pricing and reimbursement models together with a look at the Central and Eastern Europe drugs markets recent figures. Cost containment measures like economic evaluation of drugs, cross-countries price comparisons and parallel trade, and the slide from a branded to unbranded generics market are highlighted as the major factors that generic companies should take into account in the near future.

Do Trajectories Belong in Area Plans? A New Approach in California Using the Trajectory Analysis Planner (Tap II)1

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 685-691
Author(s):  
Heather Parker Hall ◽  
Christopher Barker ◽  
Peter Gautier ◽  
Tim Holmes ◽  
James Hardwick
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Ensemble Modeling ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
New Type

ABSTRACT The National Contingency Plan (NCP) requires that Area Contingency Plans (ACPs) be adequate to address the removal of a worst case discharge from a vessel or facility operating in or near the area. The U.S. Coast Guard took this requirement further by issuing guidance in 1992 that ACPs address response to worst case, maximum most probable, and most probable discharges. As a result, many ACPs include area-specific scenarios applying these discharge quantities. However, there remains very little guidance about including trajectories in the ACPs. For example, only three of California's six ACPs include trajectories from computer models; the remaining three contain only oil spill scenarios that incorporate committee-selected environmental conditions to help estimate where oil might go. The 2000 revision of the San Francisco Bay and Delta ACP includes a new type of trajectory using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) Trajectory Analysis Planner (TAP II). TAP II is a statistical model rather than a single scenario-based deterministic model. It generates statistics that describe oil spill behavior using an ensemble modeling approach. These statistics are generated from an ensemble of thousands of possible trajectories resulting from hundreds of oil spill scenarios computed within a given location. This approach is designed specifically for planning purposes, and not response. A statistics-based approach facilitates the planning process by providing key information, including which shorelines have the highest probability of being impacted, the size of the area that might be affected, how quickly a response should be mounted, what quantity of oil could impact a shoreline location, which resources will be oiled, which assets will be affected, and the most threatening origin of possible oil discharge. The authors describe how the TAP II model employs ensemble modeling, detail its application in the 2000 version of the San Francisco Bay and Delta ACP, and discuss possibilities for future applications.

Spectrometric System for Characterizing Drop and Powder Trajectories and Chemistry in Reactive Flows

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1345-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry C. Cabalo ◽  
John Schmidt ◽  
Jost O. L. Wendt ◽  
Alexander Scheeline
Keyword(s):  
Flow System ◽  
Axisymmetric Flow ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Thermal Reactor ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Spectrometric System ◽  
Nominally Laminar Flow

An instrument for emission, fluorescence, and scattering diagnostics of a 22 kW gas/air thermal reactor is described. Z-pair parabolic mirrors provide diffraction-limited imaging in field center, with worst-case blur over a 12.8 mm field of view having a radius of 0.044 mm rms. Either full-field filtered or transverse line dispersed viewing can occur simultaneously. Dispersion is achieved using a 2-m spectrograph f-matched to the feed optics. Examples of data show non-axisymmetric flow in a nominally laminar flow system, drop shapes in situ, and Mie scattering from soot.

scholarly journals Fully Automated Quantitative Measurement of Serum Organic Acids via LC-MS/MS for the Diagnosis of Organic Acidemias: Establishment of an Automation System and a Proof-of-Concept Validation

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Yasushi Ueyanagi ◽  
Daiki Setoyama ◽  
Daisuke Kawakami ◽  
Yuichi Mushimoto ◽  
Shinya Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Organic Acidemias ◽  
Concept Validation

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been widely used to analyze hundreds of organic acids in urine to provide a diagnostic basis for organic acidemia. However, it is difficult to operate in clinical laboratories on a daily basis due to sample pretreatment processing. Therefore, we aimed to develop a fully automated system for quantifying serum organic acids using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The pretreatment CLAM-2030 device was connected to an LC-MS/MS system for processing serum under optimized conditions, which included derivatizing serum organic acids using 3-Nitrophenylhydrazine. The derivatized organic acids were separated on a reverse-phase Sceptor HD-C column and detected using negative-ion electrospray ionization multiple reaction monitoring MS. The automated pretreatment-LC-MS/MS system processed serum in less than 1 h and analyzed 19 serum organic acids, which are used to detect organic acidemias. The system exhibited high quantitative sensitivity ranging from approximately 2 to 100 µM with a measurement reproducibility of 10.4% CV. Moreover, a proof-of-concept validation of the system was performed using sera from patients with propionic acidemia (n = 5), methylmalonic acidemia (n = 2), and 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria (n = 1). The levels of marker organic acids specific to each disease were significantly elevated in the sera of the patients compared to those in control samples. The automated pretreatment-LC-MS/MS system can be used as a rapid in-hospital system to measure organic acid levels in serum for the diagnosis of organic acidemias.

scholarly journals Perancangan Sistem Otomasi Untuk Kartu Tekstil Jacquard Pada Mesin Punching Untuk Di PT Buana Intan Gemilang

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Luqman Abdul Hakim ◽  
Rino Andias Anugraha
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Automation System ◽  
User Requirement ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Machine Operator

Indonesia’s textile industry has been successfully being the fifth ranked textile product exporter country by contributed Gross Domestic Bruto (GDP) which is 9% in non-oil industry. As the rapid development of technology, its encouraging textile industry to be able to implement it into the production process, its automation system regarding can improve the productivity. PT. Buana Intan Gemilang is one of textile industry which manufactures greige, sajadah, and curtains fabric within various pattern. Increasing demand regarding pattern therefore company should intensify productivity of machine, operator, and system in order to produce pattern card called jacquard card in thousand amounts. The Problem statement which showed is the manufacturing process is still manual rely on recur the operator’s activities, inconsistent cycle time that occurs on incapacity production target. Automation system design on punching machine using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) as the primary controller with using User Requirement Spesification (URS) for providing the solution in designing automated system implemented to solve the problem. According to conducted research it can be conclude that, automation system design for jacquard on punching machine at PT.Buana Intan Gemilang has been accomplished and decrease the cycle time around 10 seconds/card. By using automation system on jacquard card production is expected to increase the production capacity and eliminate the workload of operator therefore offer benefit and productivity of company.

scholarly journals Implementasi Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Pada Fasilitas Parkir Sepeda Motor (Studi Kasus: Kampus Fakultas Ilmu Budaya USU)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Aulia Malik Affif ◽  
N Novrial
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Most often crime that occurs on the USU campus is motorcycle theft. In fact, several motorcycle theft on the USU campus is covered by electronic media. So there is a need to make a motorcycle parking model to reducing and preventing the opportunity for crime to occur. This research aims to make a model of Faculty of Cultural Studies USU campus motorcycle parking with the CPTED concept. This research using the descriptive qualitative method. This research started with a physical analysis of existing conditions in the motorcycle parking area, then the author developing a motorcycle parking model with the CPTED concept.  The result of this research is motorcycle parking model in Faculty of Cultural Studies USU campus is focusing on six ways, i.e: (1) using hedge as fence; (2) using automated system parking portal and pedestrian way from/to parking area; (3) construct parking lot roofing; (4) construct students gathering space; (5) using speed bump; (6) using signage. By applying this six ways, the Faculty of Cultural Studies USU campus motorcycle parking is expected to free from any crime.

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