scholarly journals Multi-Sensor Information Ensemble-Based Automatic Parking System for Vehicle Parallel/Nonparallel Initial State

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2261
Author(s):  
Changhao Piao ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
KyungHi Chang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Mingjie Liu
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Trajectory Generation ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Recognition Error ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Automatic Parking ◽  
Sensor Information ◽  
Space Recognition ◽  
Real Vehicle

The goal of automatic parking system is to accomplish the vehicle parking to the specified space automatically. It mainly includes parking space recognition, parking space matching, and trajectory generation. It has been developed enormously, but it is still a challenging work due to parking space recognition error and trajectory generation for vehicle nonparallel initial state with parking space. In this study, the authors propose multi-sensor information ensemble for parking space recognition and adaptive trajectory generation method, which is also robust to vehicle nonparallel initial state. Both simulation and real vehicle experiments are conducted to prove that the proposed method can improve the automatic parking system performance.

Research on Path Planning of Automatic Parking System

2012 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
pp. 416-420
Author(s):  
Chang Hao Piao ◽  
Le Zhang ◽  
Sheng Lu ◽  
Yu Sheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Trajectory Generation ◽  
Intelligent Vehicle ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Automatic Parking ◽  
Application Fields

A non-parallel initial state path planning algorithm for the automatic parking system is presented in this paper. Automatic parking system is a hot research point in intelligent vehicle application fields, and the trajectory generation is one of its key technologies. In the actual process of parking, the initial state of vehicle is always non-parallel to the parking place, so this situation should be researched to serve automatic parking system better. According to the analysis of vehicle kinematics model and the parking process, the trajectory can be considered as the combination of some sections of tangent arc. In this article, the trajectory is composed of several period of circular arc and it is improved by combining with the actual circumstance, then a strong adaptable parking trajectory for the automatic parking system is designed. The simulation analysis is done to verify the geometry trajectory, and the method is used on our intelligent vehicle to check out the feasibility. Compared with traditional trajectory generation method, experimental results show the adaptability and success rates of the method designed in this paper is much more better, which the parking success rates is about 90%.

scholarly journals Automatic Parking Path Planning and Tracking Control Research for Intelligent Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9100
Author(s):  
Chenxu Li ◽  
Haobin Jiang ◽  
Shidian Ma ◽  
Shaokang Jiang ◽  
Yue Li
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Tracking Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Path Tracking ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Automatic Parking ◽  
Real Vehicle

As a key technology for intelligent vehicles, automatic parking is becoming increasingly popular in the area of research. Automatic parking technology is available for safe and quick parking operations without a driver, and improving the driving comfort while greatly reducing the probability of parking accidents. An automatic parking path planning and tracking control method is proposed in this paper to resolve the following issues presented in the existing automatic parking systems, that is, low degree of automation in vehicle control; lack of conformity between segmented path planning and real vehicle motion models; and low success rates of parking due to poor path tracking. To this end, this paper innovatively proposes preview correction which can be applied to parking path planning, and detects the curvature outliers in the parking path through the preview algorithm. In addition, it is also available for correction in advance to optimize the reasonable parking path. Meanwhile, the dual sliding mode variable structure control algorithm is used to formulate path tracking control strategies to improve the path tracking control effect and the vehicle control automation. Based on the above algorithm, an automatic parking system was developed and the real vehicle test was completed, thus exploring a highly intelligent automatic parking technology roadmap. This paper provides two key aspects of system solutions for an automatic parking system, i.e., parking path planning and path tracking control.

scholarly journals A prototype of parking space information system based on Image Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Abel ◽  
Suci Aulia ◽  
Dadan Nur Ramadhan ◽  
Sugondo Hadiyoso
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Information Display ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Automatic Parking ◽  
Camera Sensors

An automatic parking system has been proposed to make the car parking process more efficient in terms of time and cost. The absence of information on the position of the parking lot makes the car driver take longer to find it. In multi-story parking lots, officers cannot constantly monitor the available parking conditions directly, so prospective parking users do not know the position of the open parking space. In addition, many parking lots use automatic door latch, but no parking space information display. Parking system automation can be based on hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. To the best of our knowledge, no software-based framework is entirely used on this system. Therefore, this study proposes an automatic parking system based on camera sensors and software, which is combined into an information system. The proposed method uses simple morphological operations. Based on the test results, the detection accuracy achieved is 100% with a light intensity of 3 lux, 15 lux, 30 lux, 60 lux, 120 lux, and 250 lux. The average processing time is 1.59 seconds. From this study, it is hoped that this prototype can be tested on relevant environmental conditions so that the prototype can be implemented in parking lots.

Automatic Car Parking System for Parallel Parking Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Singgih Bima Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Dc Motor ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Parallel Parking ◽  
Work Cycle ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Automatic Parking ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Average Success Rate

Abstract - This study will focus on the design of automatic parallel parking systems. The parking system is designed for small cars that use Arduino Mega 2560, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, optocoupler, DC motor and servomotor. The ultrasonic sensor and optocoupler SR-04 is the input (input) of this system that will be processed by the ATmega 2560 microcontroller. Each input will be processed by the microcontroller to determine the amplitude and direction of rotation of the servomotor in driving the car. This automatic parking system starts when the vehicle searches for a parking space that matches the specified size, and then maneuvers into the parking space. The work cycle of the PWM is the main element of speed control of a DC motor. The results of testing the system in stages starting from the forward detecting the parking space until backwards to do the parking process is done to get the size of the parking space as well as the ideal distance for parking as a whole which is ± 70 cm and ± 35 cm wide. The results showed that, first, the automatic parking system for parallel parking left and right worked well with an average success rate of 80% for space detection and 48% for left parking, 85% for space detection and 45% for parking at right side to finish with a size of 70 cm of parking space and 35 cm wide. Keyword : automatic parking, parallel parking left and right, counter parking

scholarly journals Automatic Parking System Based on Improved Neural Network Algorithm and Intelligent Image Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yucheng Guo ◽  
Hongtao Shi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
System A ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Interference Elimination ◽  
Automatic Parking ◽  
Neural Network Algorithm ◽  
Service Application

This research designs an intelligent parking system including service application layer, perception layer, data analysis layer, and management layer. The network system adopts opm15 system, and the parking space recognition adopts improved convolution neural networks (CNNs) algorithm and image recognition technology. Firstly, the parking space is occupied and located, and the shortest path (Dynamic Programming, DP) is selected. In order to describe the path algorithm, the parking system model is established. Aiming at the problems of DP low power and adjacent path interference in the path detection system, a method of combining interference elimination technology with enhanced detector technology is proposed to effectively eliminate the interference path signal and improve the performance of the intelligent parking system. In order to verify whether the CNNs system designed in this study has advantages, the simulation experiments of CNNs, ZigBee, and manual parking are carried out. The results show that the parking system designed in this study can control the parking error, has smaller parking error than ZigBee, and has more than 25.64% less parking time than ZigBee, and more than 34.83% less time than manual parking. In terms of parking energy consumption, when there are less free parking spaces, CNNs have lower energy consumption.

Suitable Parking Space Recognition for Autonomous Valet Parking

ETRI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Jun Han ◽  
Jeongdan Choi
Keyword(s):  
Parking Space ◽  
Space Recognition

scholarly journals Smart Parking Guidance System on IoT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 2793-2798 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Video Processing ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Haar Cascade

Nowadays, smart parking guidance system is a crucial research for people’s convenience where the integrating concept of IoT that include hardware and software with the connection of internet for image or video processing technology is a powerful application which made up a complete smart parking system. The main objective of this research is to develop and analyze on a smart parking guidance system where current available system was compared to this new proposed system. Limited parking space has become serious issue since the number of Malaysia’s populations are using car keep increasing. Some of the big companies, shopping malls and other public facilities already deployed a smart parking system on their building. However, there are still a lot of buildings that do not own it because the system required a lot of investment, where the huge parking areas need higher cost to install sensors on each parking lot available and cameras are costly and lower in reliability. The proposed smart parking guidance system in this research was depending on a 360° camera that was modified on Raspberry Pi camera module and 360o lens that process with De-Warping techniques for the normal view rather than 360-degree view and Haar-Cascade classifier. The image and video processing was done by Open CV and python program to detect the available parking space and cloud firebase was used to update data where users can access the parking space availability by android mobile phone specifically at a closed parking space. A single 360°camera was replaced several sensors and cameras which were implemented on traditional parking guidance system. In the end of the paper, it is proved that prototype based smart parking is the convenient way to find the parking space availability.

scholarly journals IoT Smart Parking System Based on the Visual-Aided Smart Vehicle Presence Sensor: SPIN-V

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Luque-Vega ◽  
David A. Michel-Torres ◽  
Emmanuel Lopez-Neri ◽  
Miriam A. Carlos-Mancilla ◽  
Luis E. González-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Smart Vehicle

Humanity is currently experiencing one of the short periods of transition thanks to novel sensing solutions for smart cities that bring the future to today. Overpopulation of cities demands the development of solid strategic plannings that uses infrastructure, innovation, and technology to adapt to rapid changes. To improve mobility in cities with a larger and larger vehicle fleet, a novel sensing solution that is the cornerstone of a smart parking system, the smart vehicular presence sensor (SPIN-V, in its Spanish abbreviation), is presented. The SPIN-V is composed of a small single-board computer, distance sensor, camera, LED indicator, buzzer, and battery and devoted to obtain the status of a parking space. This smart mobility project involves three main elements, namely the SPIN-V, a mobile application, and a monitoring center, working together to monitor, control, process, and display the parking space information in real-time to the drivers. In addition, the design and implementation of the three elements of the complete architecture are presented.

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