scholarly journals Multi-Odor Discrimination by Rat Sniffing for Potential Monitoring of Lung Cancer and Diabetes

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3696
Author(s):  
Yunkwang Oh ◽  
Ohseok Kwon ◽  
Sun-Seek Min ◽  
Yong-Beom Shin ◽  
Min-Kyu Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
Odor Discrimination ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Behavior Response ◽  
Odor Monitoring ◽  
Sensing Performance

The discrimination learning of multiple odors, in which multi-odor can be associated with different responses, is important for responding quickly and accurately to changes in the external environment. However, very few studies have been done on multi-odor discrimination by animal sniffing. Herein, we report a novel multi-odor discrimination system by detection rats based on the combination of 2-Choice and Go/No-Go (GNG) tasks into a single paradigm, in which the Go response of GNG was replaced by 2-Choice, for detection of toluene and acetone, which are odor indicators of lung cancer and diabetes, respectively. Three of six trained rats reached performance criterion, in 12 consecutive successful tests within a given set or over 12 sets with a success rate of over 90%. Through a total of 1300 tests, the trained animals (N = 3) showed multi-odor sensing performance with 88% accuracy, 87% sensitivity and 90% specificity. In addition, a dependence of behavior response time on odor concentrations under given concentration conditions was observed, suggesting that the system could be used for quantitative measurements. Furthermore, the animals’ multi-odor sensing performance has lasted for 45 days, indicating long-term stability of the learned multi-odor discrimination. These findings demonstrate that multi-odor discrimination can be achieved by rat sniffing, potentially providing insight into the rapid, accurate and cost-effective multi-odor monitoring in the lung cancer and diabetes.

scholarly journals An approach for long-term, multi-probe Neuropixels recordings in unrestrained rats

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Zhihao Luo ◽  
Adrian Gopnik Bondy ◽  
Diksha Gupta ◽  
Verity Alexander Elliott ◽  
Charles D Kopec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Neural Recordings ◽  
Chronic Recording ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
High Yields

The use of Neuropixels probes for chronic neural recordings is in its infancy and initial studies leave questions about long-term stability and probe reusability unaddressed. Here, we demonstrate a new approach for chronic Neuropixels recordings over a period of months in freely moving rats. Our approach allows multiple probes per rat and multiple cycles of probe reuse. We found that hundreds of units could be recorded for multiple months, but that yields depended systematically on anatomical position. Explanted probes displayed a small increase in noise compared to unimplanted probes, but this was insufficient to impair future single-unit recordings. We conclude that cost-effective, multi-region, and multi-probe Neuropixels recordings can be carried out with high yields over multiple months in rats or other similarly sized animals. Our methods and observations may facilitate the standardization of chronic recording from Neuropixels probes in freely moving animals.

scholarly journals Optomechanics based soft artificial skin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Chandra Roy ◽  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Shreyas B S ◽  
Ananya Gupta ◽  
Aloke Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Artificial Skin ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
Consistent Performance

Abstract Soft artificial skin capable of sensing touch, pressure and bending similar to soft human skin is important in many modern-day applications including socially interactive robotics, modern healthcare, augmented reality, etc. However, most of the research effort on soft artificial skin are confined to the lab-scale demonstration. We have demonstrated how a fundamental understanding of the contact mechanics of soft material and a specially constructed soft optical waveguide let us develop a highly efficient, resilient, and large-area soft artificial skin for futuristic applications. The soft artificial skin capable of detect touch, load and bending shows extreme sensitivity (up to \({150 \text{k}\text{P}\text{a}}^{-1}\)) to touch, and load, which is 750 times higher than earlier work. The soft-a-skin shows excellent long-term stability i.e. it shows consistent performance up to almost a year. In addition, we describe a 3D printing process capable of producing large areas, large numbers yet cost-effective soft artificial skin. We have shown the functioning of the soft-a-skin in various means.

An instantly usable paper-based screen-printed solid-state KCl/Ag/AgCl reference electrode with long-term stability

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (19) ◽  
pp. 6481-6484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Shitanda ◽  
Masato Komoda ◽  
Yoshinao Hoshi ◽  
Masayuki Itagaki
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Screen Printed

An instantly usable screen-printed paper-based Ag/AgCl electrode was fabricated for use as a cost-effective disposable reference electrode.

scholarly journals An approach for long-term, multi-probe Neuropixels recordings in unrestrained rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Zhihao Luo ◽  
Adrian G. Bondy ◽  
Diksha Gupta ◽  
Verity A. Elliott ◽  
Charles D. Kopec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Neural Recordings ◽  
Chronic Recording ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
High Yields

AbstractThe use of Neuropixels probes for chronic neural recordings is in its infancy and initial studies leave questions about long-term stability and probe reusability unaddressed. Here we demonstrate a new approach for chronic Neuropixels recordings over a period of months in freely moving rats. Our approach allows multiple probes per rat and multiple cycles of probe reuse. We found that hundreds of units could be recorded for multiple months, but that yields depended systematically on anatomical position. Explanted probes displayed a small increase in noise compared to unimplanted probes, but this was insufficient to impair future single-unit recordings. We conclude that cost-effective, multi-region, and multi-probe Neuropixels recordings can be carried out with high yields over multiple months in rats or other similarly sized animals. Our methods and observations may facilitate the standardization of chronic recording from Neuropixels probes in freely moving animals.

A review: electrical and gas sensing properties of polyaniline/ferrite nanocomposites

Sensor Review ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thejas Ramakrishnaiah ◽  
Prasanna Gunderi Dhananjaya ◽  
Chaturmukha Vakwadi Sainagesh ◽  
Sathish Reddy ◽  
Swaroop Kumaraswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensing Properties ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Gas Sensing Properties

Purpose This paper aims to study the various developments taking place in the field of gas sensors made from polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites, which leads to the development of high-performance electrical and gas sensing materials operating at room temperature. Design/methodology/approach PANI/ferrite nanocomposites exhibit good electrical properties with lower dielectric losses. There are numerous reports on PANI and ferrite nanomaterial-based gas sensors which have good sensing response, feasible to operate at room temperature, requires less power and cost-effective. Findings This paper provides an overview of electrical and gas sensing properties of PANI/ferrite nanocomposites having improved selectivity, long-term stability and other sensing performance of sensors at room temperature. Originality/value The main purpose of this review paper is to focus on PANI/ferrite nanocomposite-based gas sensors operating at room temperature.

scholarly journals Olfactory Detection of Toluene by Detection Rats for Potential Screening of Lung Cancer

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2967
Author(s):  
Yunkwang Oh ◽  
Oh-Seok Kwon ◽  
Sun-Seek Min ◽  
Yong-Beom Shin ◽  
Min-Kyu Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
Odor Discrimination ◽  
Training System ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Breath Testing ◽  
Average Accuracy

Early detection is critical to successfully eradicating a variety of cancers, so the development of a new cancer primary screening system is essential. Herein, we report an animal nose sensor system for the potential primary screening of lung cancer. To establish this, we developed an odor discrimination training device based on operant conditioning paradigms for detection of toluene, an odor indicator component of lung cancer. The rats (N = 15) were trained to jump onto a floating ledge in response to toluene-spiked breath samples. Twelve rats among 15 trained rats reached performance criterion in 12 consecutive successful tests within a given set, or over 12 sets, with a success rate of over 90%. Through a total of 1934 tests, the trained rats (N = 3) showed excellent performance for toluene detection with 82% accuracy, 83% sensitivity, 81% specificity, 80% positive predictive value (PPV) and 83% negative predictive value (NPV). The animals also acquired considerable performance for odor discrimination even in rigorous tests, validating odor specificity. Since environmental and long-term stability are important factors that can influence the sensing results, the performance of the trained rats was studied under specified temperature (20, 25, and 30 °C) and humidity (30%, 45%, and 60% RH) conditions, and monitored over a period of 45 days. At given conditions of temperature and humidity, the animal sensors showed an average accuracy within a deviation range of ±10%, indicating the excellent environmental stability of the detection rats. Surprisingly, the trained rats did not differ in retention of last odor discrimination when tested 45 days after training, denoting that the rats’ memory for trained odor is still available over a long period of time. When taken together, these results indicate that our odor discrimination training system can be useful for non-invasive breath testing and potential primary screening of lung cancer.

scholarly journals Impact of Fluorine atoms on triphenylamine-based dopant free hole selective layer for perovskite solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Ghaderian ◽  
Meenakshi Pegu ◽  
Naveen Harindu Hemasiri ◽  
Peng Huang ◽  
Shahzada Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Free Hole ◽  
Selective Layer ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Hole Transporting

For industrial endeavors, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) demand long-term stability and a cost-effective hole-transporting layer (HTL). The PSC stability can be substantially improved by the rational design of dopant-free HTL...

scholarly journals Long-term evaluation of scientific-echosounder performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Petter Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Acoustic Instruments ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Calibration Time ◽  
First Time

Abstract Knudsen, H. P. 2009. Long-term evaluation of scientific-echosounder performance. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1335–1340. When scientific acoustic instruments are utilized for quantitative measurements of underwater biological resources, it is extremely important to know their overall performance, and it is imperative to measure their stability over time. Echosounders mounted on research vessels are therefore routinely calibrated several times annually, often immediately before, during, and after important resource-assessment surveys. In recent years, multifrequency systems for acoustic surveys requiring species identification and categorization based on the frequency response of targets have been introduced, further emphasizing the importance of monitoring instrument performance. In the 1970s, hydrophones and steel spheres were used as alternative references for calibrations. Substantial variations of system performance were observed, however, and gradually it was accepted that the use of hydrophones was inappropriate, because their performance varied more than that of the instruments being calibrated. Not until optimized reference targets were introduced in ca. 1980, was it possible to monitor the stability of acoustic-survey equipment with an acceptable degree of confidence. For the first time, the true, long-term stability of transducers, including ageing effects, could be accurately measured. This paper gives examples of calibration time-series for several Norwegian research vessels operating in various regions from Arctic to tropical waters.

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