scholarly journals Testing Off-the-Shelf Optical Wireless LANs for Smart City Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5451
Author(s):  
Loreto Pescosolido ◽  
Emilio Ancillotti ◽  
Andrea Passarella
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Wireless Lans ◽  
Optical Wireless ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Stable Throughput ◽  
Indoor Scenarios

Optical wireless LANs (OWLs) constitute an emerging networking paradigm for indoor scenarios’ fit to different smart cities’ fields of applications. Commercial products employing this technology have been made available on the market in recent years. In this work, we investigate, through a set of indoor communication experiments based on commercially available products, how different environmental and usage modes affect the performance of the system, addressing the presence of multiple users, the position and mobility of the mobile devices, the handover among adjacent cells and the effect of background lighting. Our finding shows that the system is quite robust with respect to the variation of operational conditions. We show that, in most conditions, the links can reliably sustain a stable throughput, achieving at least 50% of the throughput achieved with using the maximum light intensity of the transmitting lamp, while they are affected in a very mild way by factors like position and height of the mobile device, and virtually unaffected by variations in the background light.

Visualising Data for Smart Cities

2017 ◽  
pp. 453-475
Author(s):  
Michael Batty ◽  
Andrew Hudson-Smith ◽  
Stephan Hugel ◽  
Flora Roumpani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Data Infrastructures ◽  
The City

This chapter introduces a range of analytics being used to understand the smart city, which depends on data that can primarily be understood using new kinds of scientific visualisation. We focus on short term routine functions that take place in cities which are being rapidly automated through various kinds of sensors, embedded into the physical fabric of the city itself or being accessed from mobile devices. We first outline a concept of the smart city, arguing that there is a major distinction between the ways in which technologies are being used to look at the short and long terms structure of cities, and we then focus on the shorter term, first examining the immediate visualisation of data through dashboards, then examining data infrastructures such as map portals, and finally introducing new ways of visualising social media which enable us to elicit the power of the crowd in providing and supplying data. We conclude with a brief focus on how new urban analytics is emerging to make sense of these developments.

Visualising Data for Smart Cities

2015 ◽  
pp. 339-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Batty ◽  
Andrew Hudson-Smith ◽  
Stephan Hugel ◽  
Flora Roumpani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Data Infrastructures ◽  
The City

This chapter introduces a range of analytics being used to understand the smart city, which depends on data that can primarily be understood using new kinds of scientific visualisation. We focus on short term routine functions that take place in cities which are being rapidly automated through various kinds of sensors, embedded into the physical fabric of the city itself or being accessed from mobile devices. We first outline a concept of the smart city, arguing that there is a major distinction between the ways in which technologies are being used to look at the short and long terms structure of cities, and we then focus on the shorter term, first examining the immediate visualisation of data through dashboards, then examining data infrastructures such as map portals, and finally introducing new ways of visualising social media which enable us to elicit the power of the crowd in providing and supplying data. We conclude with a brief focus on how new urban analytics is emerging to make sense of these developments.

scholarly journals Traffic Monitoring via Mobile Device Location

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Martín ◽  
Emil J. Khatib ◽  
Pedro Lázaro ◽  
Raquel Barco
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Traffic Measurement ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Real Scenario ◽  
Low Computational Cost

Measuring traffic in real time is one of the main functionalities of Smart Cities. To reduce the costs of deployment and operation, traffic measurement with mobile devices has been widely studied. In this paper, a traffic monitoring system using mobile devices is proposed. The proposed algorithm has the advantage of having a very low computational cost, allowing most of the pre-processing to be done in the mobile device and therefore making possible the centralized collection of a massive number of measurements. The proposed system is composed of three algorithms; a map-matching algorithm to correct minor location errors, a Virtual Inductive Loop that estimates the traffic and a traffic data collector that aggregates the information from many devices and combines it with other information sources. The system has been tested in a real scenario, comparing its accuracy with a traditional traffic sensor, showing its accuracy.

SenCity – Evaluating Users’ Experiences of Intelligent Lighting for Well-Being in Smart Cities

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Henrika Pihlajaniemi ◽  
Anna Luusua ◽  
Eveliina Juntunen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
System Data

This paper presents the evaluation of usersХ experiences in three intelligent lighting pilots in Finland. Two of the case studies are related to the use of intelligent lighting in different kinds of traffic areas, having emphasis on aspects of visibility, traffic and movement safety, and sense of security. The last case study presents a more complex view to the experience of intelligent lighting in smart city contexts. The evaluation methods, tailored to each pilot context, include questionnaires, an urban dashboard, in-situ interviews and observations, evaluation probes, and system data analyses. The applicability of the selected and tested methods is discussed reflecting the process and achieved results.

Systematization of the smart city civil engineering infrastructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-779
Author(s):  
E.V. Popov ◽  
K.A. Semyachkov ◽  
K.V. Zhunusova
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Economic Innovation ◽  
Civil Engineering Infrastructure ◽  
Functional Transformations

Subject. This article explores the basic elements of the engineering infrastructure of smart cities. Objectives. The article aims to systematize theoretical descriptions of the engineering infrastructure of a smart city. Methods. For the study, we used a logical analysis and systematization. Results. The article highlights the main areas of infrastructure development of smart cities. Conclusions. Improving process management mechanisms, optimizing urban infrastructure, increasing the use of digital technologies, and developing socio-economic innovation improve the quality of the urban environment in a digitalized environment. And improving the efficiency of urban planning and security, studying its properties and characteristics, and forming an effective urban information system lead to its functional transformations.

YOUTH EXPECTATIONS OF SMART CITY LIVING: AN IMPORTANCE- PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF YOUNG RESIDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES OF CITY GOVERNMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Jason Cohen ◽  
Judy Backhouse ◽  
Omar Ally
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
City Government ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
City Management ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The City

Young people are important to cities, bringing skills and energy and contributing to economic activity. New technologies have led to the idea of a smart city as a framework for city management. Smart cities are developed from the top-down through government programmes, but also from the bottom-up by residents as technologies facilitate participation in developing new forms of city services. Young people are uniquely positioned to contribute to bottom-up smart city projects. Few diagnostic tools exist to guide city authorities on how to prioritise city service provision. A starting point is to understand how the youth value city services. This study surveys young people in Braamfontein, Johannesburg, and conducts an importance-performance analysis to identify which city services are well regarded and where the city should focus efforts and resources. The results show that Smart city initiatives that would most increase the satisfaction of youths in Braamfontein  include wireless connectivity, tools to track public transport  and  information  on city events. These  results  identify  city services that are valued by young people, highlighting services that young people could participate in providing. The importance-performance analysis can assist the city to direct effort and scarce resources effectively.

Smart Cities: Necessity and Development Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
L. V. Shkvarya ◽  
A. S. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
First Century ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
High Technologies

In the twenty-first century different countries and cities are increasingly seeking to introduce quality improvements in their livelihoods, generate for its residents an environment that is called “smart city” on the basis of high technologies. The article shows that the emergence of a “smart” city is an objective necessity due to the rapid growth of cities in the present and in the future. “Smart” city is designed to solve life problems in cities and create conditions for the socio-economic development of cities and countries, and for a favorable stay of residents on its territory. There are a number of strategies to implement the concept of “smart”, but it is important for each urban settlement to develop its own approaches and projects.

Financing Smart Cities’ Development: Doran’s Concept of the Project Universe

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
K.S. Teteryatnikov ◽  
S.G. Каmolov ◽  
A.A. Pyatova
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Project Financing ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Project Model ◽  
Financing Model

The article is meant to analyze various strategies and models for the development of smart cities, as well as the concept of project financing of smart cities, proposed by Pietro Doran, one of the founding partners of the world’s first smart city built from scratch in South Korea — Songdo. The authors believe that Songdo’s financing model, based on P. Doran’s Project Model can be considered as an effective way to attract investment in greenfield projects for the development of «smart cities» in Russia on the basis of public-private partnership.

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