The Accuracy and Reliability of Tooth Shade Selection Using Different Instrumental Techniques: An In Vitro Study

This study aimed to investigate and compare the reliability and accuracy of tooth shade selection in the model using 30 milled crowns via five methods: (1) digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera with twin flash (TF) and polarized filter (DSLR + TF), (2) DSLR camera with a ring flash (RF) and polarized filter (DSLR + RF), (3) smartphone camera with light corrector and polarized filter (SMART), (4) intraoral scanner (IOS), and (5) spectrophotometer (SPEC). These methods were compared with the control group or manufacturer’s shade. The CIE Lab values (L, a, and b values) were obtained from five of the methods to indicate the color of the tooth. Adobe Photoshop was used to generate CIE Lab values from the digital photographs. The reliability was calculated from the intraclass correlation based on two repetitions. The accuracy was calculated from; (a) ΔE calculated by the formula comparing each method to the control group, (b) study and control groups were analyzed by using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and (c) the relationship between study and control groups were calculated using Spearman’s correlation. The reliability of the intraclass correlation of L, a, and b values obtained from the five methods showed satisfactory correlations ranging from 0.732–0.996, 0.887–0.994, and 0.884–0.999, respectively. The ΔE from all groups had statistically significant differences when compared to the border of clinical acceptance (ΔE = 6.8). The ΔE from DSLR + TF, DSLR + RF, SMART, and SPEC were higher than clinical acceptance (ΔE > 6.8), whereas the ΔE from IOS was 5.96 and all of the L, a, and b values were not statistically significantly different from the manufacturer’s shade (p < 0.01). The ΔE of the DSLR + RF group showed the least accuracy (ΔE = 19.98), whereas the ∆E of DSLR + TF, SMART, and SPEC showed similar accuracy ∆E (ΔE = 10.90, 10.57, and 11.57, respectively). The DSLR camera combined with a ring flash system and polarized filter provided the least accuracy. The intraoral scanner provided the highest accuracy. However, tooth shade selection deserves the combination of various techniques and a professional learning curve to establish the most accurate outcome.

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Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Four Different Sealers using Centrifuging Dye Penetration Method: An in vitro Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1237 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 830-833

Author(s):

Romel Joseph

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Control Groups ◽

Root Canals ◽

Dye Penetration ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Sealing Ability ◽

Ah Plus ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the apical seal obtained with four root canal sealers AH 26, Sealapex, Endoflas FS and AH Plus, with lateral condensation. Materials and methods Sixty root canals were prepared using the step-back technique. The specimens were divided into four experimental groups of 12 teeth and two control groups of 12 teeth. The experimental groups were obturated by laterally condensed gutta-percha with one of the tested sealers and control groups were obturated without any sealer. Methylene blue dye penetration with centrifuging method was used to evaluate the apical sealing ability. The quantitative apical leakage of each specimen was measured after 2 weeks. Results The results showed no significant differences between all groups except between AH Plus and Endoflas FS (<0.05). AH Plus showed significantly less leakage than Endoflas FS. Conclusion AH Plus showed the least leakage compared to AH 26, Sealapex and Endoflas FS. How to cite this article Joseph R, Singh S. Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Four Different Sealers using Centrifuging Dye Penetration Method: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):830-833.

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Use of oocytes selected by brilliant cresyl blue staining enhances rabbit cloned embryo development in vitro

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199419000200 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 166-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Linying Jia ◽

Bo Ding ◽

Chong Shen ◽

Shiwei Luo ◽

Yanru Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Mass ◽

Developmental Competence ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Brilliant Cresyl Blue ◽

Positive Group ◽

Cresyl Blue ◽

And Control

SummaryRabbits play an important role in people’s lives due to their high nutritional value and high-quality hair that can be used as raw material for textiles. Furthermore, rabbits are an important animal model for human disease, as genome-edited animals are particularly valuable for studying gene functions and pathogenesis. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important technique for producing genome-edited animals and it has great value in saving endangered species and in clone stem cell therapy. However, the low efficiency of SCNT limits its application, with the selection of suitable rabbit oocytes being crucial to its success. In the present study, we collected oocytes from ovarian follicles and stained them with 26 μM brilliant cresyl blue (BCB). We then matured the oocytes in vitro and used them for SCNT. Comparison of the BCB-positive oocytes with BCB-negative oocytes and the control group showed that the BCB-positive group had a significantly higher maturation rate (81.4% vs. 48.9% and 65.3% for the negative and control groups, respectively), cleavage rate (86.6% vs. 67.9% and 77.9%), blastocyst rate (30.5% vs. 12.8% and 19.6%), total number of blastocysts (90±7.5 vs. 65.3±6.3 and 67.5±5.7), and inner cell mass (ICM)/ trophectoderm (TE) index (42.3±4.2 vs. 30.2±2.1 and 33.9±5.1) (P<0.05). The BCB-positive group had a significantly lower apoptosis index (2.1±0.6 vs. 8.2±0.9 and 6.7±1.1 for the negative and control groups, respectively) (P<0.05). These findings demonstrate that BCB-positive oocytes have a higher maturation ability and developmental competence in vitro, indicating that BCB staining is a reliable method for selecting oocytes to enhance the efficiency of SCNT.

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Effect of crotamine, a cell-penetrating peptide, on blastocyst production and gene expression of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199414000707 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 48-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Iana S. Campelo ◽

Alexsandra F. Pereira ◽

Agostinho S. Alcântara-Neto ◽

Natalia G. Canel ◽

Joanna M.G. Souza-Fabjan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Control Group ◽

Cell Penetrating Peptide ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Bovine Embryos ◽

Control Groups ◽

Cell Penetrating ◽

A Cell ◽

And Control

SummaryThe present study investigated the effects of crotamine, a cell-penetrating peptide from rattlesnake venom, at different exposure times and concentrations, on both developmental competence and gene expression (ATP1A1, AQP3, GLUT1 and GLUT3) of in vitro fertilized (IVF) bovine embryos. In Experiment 1, presumptive zygotes were exposed to 0.1 μM crotamine for 6, 12 or 24 h and control groups (vehicle and IVF) were included. In Experiment 2, presumptive zygotes were exposed to 0 (vehicle), 0.1, 1 and 10 μM crotamine for 24 h. Additionally, to visualize crotamine uptake, embryos were exposed to rhodamine B-labelled crotamine and subjected to confocal microscopy. In Experiment 1, no difference (P > 0.05) was observed among different exposure times and control groups for cleavage and blastocyst rates and total cells number per blastocyst. Within each exposure time, mRNA levels were similar (P > 0.05) in embryos cultured with or without crotamine. In Experiment 2, concentrations as high as 10 μM crotamine did not affect (P > 0.05) the blastocyst rate. Crotamine at 0.1 and 10 μM did not alter mRNA levels when compared with the control (P > 0.05). Remarkably, only 1 μM crotamine decreased both ATP1A1 and AQP3 expression levels relative to the control group (P < 0.05). Also, it was possible to visualize the intracellular localization of crotamine. These results indicate that crotamine can translocate intact IVF bovine embryos and its application in the culture medium is possible at concentrations from 0.1–10 μM for 6–24 h.

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Comparative evaluation of force decay pattern in orthodontic active tiebacks exposed to five different mouth rinses: An in vitro Study

Journal of Dental Research Dental Clinics Dental Prospects ◽

10.34172/joddd.2020.048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 244-249

Author(s):

Amir Hossein Mirhashemi ◽

Atefe Saffar Shahroudi ◽

Keyvan Shahpoorzadeh ◽

Niloofar Habibi Khameneh

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Mouth Rinses ◽

Force Decay ◽

Force Relaxation ◽

Decay Pattern ◽

Initial Force ◽

And Control

Background. This study compared the force decay pattern of two different orthodontic active tiebacks (ATBs) exposed to five different commercially available mouth rinses. Methods. In this in vitro study, 90 transparent ATBs and 90 gray ATBs were divided into six groups; one was the control group, and the others were exposed to one of these mouth rinses twice a day for 60 seconds: Listerine, chlorhexidine, Orthokin, Persica, and fluoride. The initial force of each ATB was 250 g at a 24-mm extension. The force of ATBs was measured on days 1, 7, 14, and 28 using a digital gauge. Results. The highest percentage of force loss was observed between days 14 and 28 (P<0.05). At the end of the study, the Persica group exhibited the highest force degradation in both ATB types. In the transparent ATBs, it was followed by Orthokin, Listerine, fluoride, chlorhexidine, and control groups, respectively. In the gray ATBs, Orthokin, chlorhexidine, control, Listerine, and fluoride groups exhibited the highest force decay in descending order. In some groups, the differences between transparent and gray ATBs were significant. In the control group, the force of transparent ATB was significantly higher than gray ones on days 7 and 14 but not significantly after four weeks. Conclusion. ATBs’ force degradation could be exacerbated by the use of some mouth rinses. There were some differences between force relaxation patterns of transparent and gray ATBs. The data could be beneficial in choosing appropriate O-rings for making ATBs.

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The Effects of Three Chlorhexidine-Based Mouthwashes on Human Osteoblast-Like SaOS-2 Cells. An In Vitro Study

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22189986 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (18) ◽

pp. 9986

Author(s):

Giulia Brunello ◽

Kathrin Becker ◽

Luisa Scotti ◽

Dieter Drescher ◽

Jürgen Becker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽

Control Cell ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Sterile Saline ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Several decontamination methods for removing biofilm from implant surfaces during surgical peri-implantitis treatment have been reported, including the intraoperative usage of chlorhexidine (CHX)-based antiseptics. There is a lack of information on possible adverse effects on bone healing. The study aimed to examine the impact of three CHX-based mouthwashes on osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2) in vitro. Cells were cultured for three days in 96-well binding plates. Each well was randomly treated for either 30, 60 or 120 s with 0.05% CHX combined with 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 0.1% CHX, 0.2% CHX or sterile saline (NaCl) as control. Cell viability, cytotoxicity and apoptosis were assessed at day 0, 3 and 6. Cell viability resulted in being higher in the control group at all time points. At day 0, the CHX 0.2 group showed significantly higher cytotoxicity values compared to CHX 0.1 (30 s), CHX + CPC (30 s, 60 s and 120 s) and control (60 s and 120 s), while no significant differences were identified between CHX + CPC and both CHX 0.1 and NaCl groups. All test mouthwashes were found to induce apoptosis to a lower extent compared to control. Results indicate that 0.2% CHX presented the highest cytotoxic effect. Therefore, its intraoperative use should be carefully considered.

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IVF outcomes after hysteroscopic metroplasty in patients with T- shaped uterus

Fertility Research and Practice ◽

10.1186/s40738-019-0063-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Esra Uyar ◽

Deniz Usal ◽

Belgin Selam ◽

Mehmet Cincik ◽

Tayfun Bagis

Keyword(s):

Unexplained Infertility ◽

Control Group ◽

Reproductive Outcomes ◽

Control Groups ◽

Ivf Outcomes ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background T- shaped uterus may be associated with infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hysteroscopic metroplasty may improve the reproductivity for these cases. To our knowledge, there is no data in literature about the clinical consequences of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in patients undergoing hysteroscopic metroplasty for T-shaped uterus. The principal objective of the current study is to assess the impact of hysteroscopic metroplasty for T-shaped uterus on the reproductive outcomes of IVF. Methods IVF outcomes of 74 patients who underwent hysteroscopic metroplasty for T- shaped uterus and 148 patients without any uterine abnormalities and with diagnosis of unexplained infertility (control group) were retrospectively analyzed. Results Patients in metroplasty and control groups were comparable with respect to age, BMI, partner’s age and duration of infertility. Number of patients with a history of pregnancy beyond 20 weeks of gestation was significantly lower in the metroplasty group (4.1% vs 18.2%; p < 0.05). Number of previous unsuccessful cycles and percentage of patients with ≥3 unsuccessful IVF cycles (35.1% vs 17.6%; p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the metroplasty group. There were no significant differences in the reproductive outcomes such as the pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy or live birth rate between the metroplasty and control groups. There were non-significant trends for higher rates of miscarriage (18.8% vs 8%, p > 0.05) and biochemical pregnancy (20.0% vs 10.7%, p > 0.05) in the metroplasty group compared to the control group. Conclusions Reproductive results of the IVF cycles after hysteroscopic correction of T-shaped uterus were comparable to those of the patients without any uterine abnormalities and with diagnosis of unexplained infertility. Hysteroscopic metroplasty may contribute to improved IVF outcomes in patients with T-shaped uterus.

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MMP-3-1612 polymorphism - a risk factor for deep venous thrombosis formation

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000530 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 233-239

Author(s):

La-Mei Yu ◽

Nai-Xuan Li ◽

Yu-Guo Sheng

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽

Allele Frequency ◽

Rat Model ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

And Control

Abstract. Background: We investigated the association of the 5A/6A polymorphism in the promoter region at -1612 of the matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene (MMP-3-1612) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Patients, materials and methods: The distribution of the MMP-3 (-1612 5A/6A) polymorphism in the case and control groups was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Serum MMP-3 level of two groups was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HepG2 cells containing MMP-3-1612 recombinant plasmid were cultured in vitro and the MMP-3 level was defined by luminescence intensity of luciferase. A DVT rat model was built. Serum MMP-3 level in the rats’ wounded vein at different time points was detected by ELISA and recorded for investigation of the association between MMP-3 and DVT. Statistical data analysis was conducted with SPSS18.0. Results: On the basis of the observation of MMP-3-1612 genotype frequency and allele frequency in the case and control groups, we identified significantly higher MMP-3-1612 5A allele frequency and higher serum MMP-3 level in the case group than in the control group (both P < 0.05). According to in vitro luciferase measurements, the 5A allele had higher transcriptional activity than the 6A allele. As observed in the rat model, serum MMP-3 level increased with time passing and thrombosis formation after modelling. Conclusions: The MMP-3-1612 5A/6A polymorphism may effect serum MMP-3 level and over-expression of serum MMP-3 level may be a risk factor for DVT formation.

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Effects of Sevoflurane on Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cell Proliferation In Vivo and In Vitro

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57010045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Yeojung Kim ◽

Sangwon Yun ◽

Keun-A Shin ◽

Woosuk Chung ◽

Youngkwon Ko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Lung Carcinoma ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Lewis Lung Carcinoma ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Lewis Lung ◽

And Control

Background and objectives: There are several studies that sevoflurane could enhance proliferation of cancer cells, while others suggest no effect on clinical outcome. We conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments to investigate the effects of sevoflurane, a volatile anesthetic, on proliferation and outcomes of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Materials and Methods: A total of 37 mice were injected with LLC cells to compare the tumor size and survival of the sevoflurane exposed group (sevo group) and control group. The sevo group was exposed to 2% sevoflurane and 4 L/min of oxygen for 1 h per day 3 times per week, and the control group was exposed only to 4 L/min of oxygen. In vitro study, 12 plates incubated with LCC cells. 6 plates were exposed to 2% sevoflurane for 1 hr/day for 3 days and 6 plates were not exposed, and cell proliferation was compared after 3 days. Results: There were no significant differences in survival or tumor size between mice exposed to sevoflurane and control mice (survival: 29.06 ± 4.45 vs. 28.76 ± 3.75, p = 0.836; tumor size: 0.75 (0.41–1.02) vs. 0.49 (0.11–0.79), p = 0.153). However, in vitro study, the proliferation of LLC cells exposed to sevoflurane increased by 9.2% compared to the control group (p = 0.018). Conclusions: Sevoflurane (2 vol%) exposure could promote proliferation of LLC cells in vitro environment, but may not affect proliferation of LLC cells in vivo environment. These results suggest that in vitro studies on the effects of anesthetics on cancer may differ from those of in vivo or clinical studies.

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The Role of Ferrous Ion in the Effect of the Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents (GBCA) on the Purkinje Cells Arborization: An In Vitro Study

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11122310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2310

Author(s):

Achmad Adhipatria Perayabangsa Kartamihardja ◽

Winda Ariyani ◽

Hirofumi Hanaoka ◽

Ayako Taketomi-Takahashi ◽

Noriyuki Koibuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Purkinje Cells ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Post Hoc ◽

The Brain

Gadolinium deposition in the brain has been observed in areas rich in iron, such as the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum. We investigated the role of Fe2+ in the effect of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) on thyroid hormone-mediated Purkinje cell dendritogenesis in a cerebellar primary culture. The study comprises the control group, Fe2+ group, GBCA groups (gadopentetate group or gadobutrol group), and GBCA+Fe2+ groups. Immunocytochemistry was performed with an anti-calbindin-28K (anti-CaBP28k) antibody, and the nucleus was stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The number of Purkinje cells and their arborization were evaluated with an analysis of variance with a post-hoc test. The number of Purkinje cells was similar to the control groups among all treated groups. There were no significant differences in dendrite arborization between the Fe2+ group and the control groups. The dendrite arborization was augmented in the gadopentetate and the gadobutrol groups when compared to the control group (p < 0.01, respectively). Fe2+ significantly increased the effect of gadopentetate on dendrite arborization (p < 0.01) but did not increase the effect of gadobutrol. These findings suggested that the chelate thermodynamic stability and Fe2+ may play important roles in attenuating the effect of GBCAs on the thyroid hormone-mediated dendritogenesis of Purkinje cells in in vitro settings.

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Fibroblast Proliferation due to Exposure to a Platelet Concentrate: An in vitro Study

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1033 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 163-166

Author(s):

Shelly Ahuja

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Third Molar ◽

Test Group ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Platelet Concentrate ◽

Control Group ◽

Cellular Events ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT Introduction The major cellular events in the tissue repair are mitogenesis, migration and metabolism. The proteins responsible for coordination of these events are called “growth factors”. The activated platelets at the wound margins release several growth factors, such as PDGF, TGF-β and EGF, etc., and plasma exudates also provide an important source of TGF-β factors. Materials and methods Periodontal ligament fibroblast obtained from third molar impaction surgery, periodontal ligaments were cultured under standard conditions and spread on 96 well tissue culture plates. Platelet concentrate was obtained after centrifugation of 350-400 ml of blood at 1000 and 5000 rpm. 15 μl of platelet concentrate was added to each well. The proliferation rate of test and control group was determined by Redox indicator (Alamar blue® assay). The number of cells were counted by neu bar counting chamber after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Results The proliferation activity of cells was considerably higher in the platelet concentrate group (test group) than the control group. The difference was highly significant upto 72 hours after addition of platelet concentrates (Mann-Whitney U test p < 0.001). Conclusion A cellular effect of the platelet concentrate is clearly discernible. It was concluded that the use of platelet concentrate is an effective modality of regeneration.

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